Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers

In this paper, we consider the following curvature equation Δ + eᵘ = 4π ((₀ − 1)δ₀ + (₁−1)δ₁ + ∑ⁿ⁺ᵐⱼ₌₁(′ⱼ − 1)δₜⱼ)in ℝ², () = −2(1+∞)ln|| + O(1) as || → ∞, where ₀, ₁, ∞, and ′ⱼ are positive non-integers for 1 ≤ j ≤ , while ′ⱼ ∈ ℕ≥₂ are integers for + 1 ≤ j ≤ + . Geometrically, a solution gives r...

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Published in:Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications
Date:2024
Main Authors: Chen, Zhijie, Lin, Chang-Shou, Yang, Yifan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Інститут математики НАН України 2024
Online Access:https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/212155
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Journal Title:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Cite this:Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers. Zhijie Chen, Chang-Shou Lin and Yifan Yang. SIGMA 20 (2024), 040, 30 pages

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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author Chen, Zhijie
Lin, Chang-Shou
Yang, Yifan
author_facet Chen, Zhijie
Lin, Chang-Shou
Yang, Yifan
citation_txt Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers. Zhijie Chen, Chang-Shou Lin and Yifan Yang. SIGMA 20 (2024), 040, 30 pages
collection DSpace DC
container_title Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications
description In this paper, we consider the following curvature equation Δ + eᵘ = 4π ((₀ − 1)δ₀ + (₁−1)δ₁ + ∑ⁿ⁺ᵐⱼ₌₁(′ⱼ − 1)δₜⱼ)in ℝ², () = −2(1+∞)ln|| + O(1) as || → ∞, where ₀, ₁, ∞, and ′ⱼ are positive non-integers for 1 ≤ j ≤ , while ′ⱼ ∈ ℕ≥₂ are integers for + 1 ≤ j ≤ + . Geometrically, a solution gives rise to a conical metric ds² =1/2eᵘ|d|² of curvature 1 on the sphere, with conical singularities at 0, 1, ∞ and tⱼ, 1 ≤ j ≤ + , with angles 2π₀, 2π₁, 2π∞, and 2π′ⱼ at 0, 1, ∞ and tⱼ, respectively. The metric ds² or the solution is called co-axial, which was introduced by Mondello and Panov, if there is a developing map () of such that the projective monodromy group is contained in the unit circle. The sufficient and necessary conditions in terms of angles for the existence of such metrics were obtained by Mondello-Panov (2016) and Eremenko (2020). In this paper, we fix the angles and study the locations of the singularities ₁,…, ₙ₊ₘ. Let ⊂ ℂⁿ⁺ᵐ be the set of those (₁,…, ₙ₊ₘ)'s such that a co-axial metric exists. Among other things, we prove that (i) If = 1, i.e., there is only one integer ′ₙ₊₁ among ′ⱼ, then is a finite set. Moreover, for the case = 0, we obtain a sharp bound on the cardinality of the set . We apply a result due to Eremenko, Gabrielov, and Tarasov (2016) and the monodromy of hypergeometric equations to obtain such a bound. (ii) If ≥ 2, then is an algebraic set of dimension ≤ − 1.
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institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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language English
last_indexed 2026-03-17T10:05:30Z
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publisher Інститут математики НАН України
record_format dspace
spelling Chen, Zhijie
Lin, Chang-Shou
Yang, Yifan
2026-01-30T08:12:37Z
2024
Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers. Zhijie Chen, Chang-Shou Lin and Yifan Yang. SIGMA 20 (2024), 040, 30 pages
1815-0659
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 57M50
arXiv:2205.13912
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/212155
https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2024.040
In this paper, we consider the following curvature equation Δ + eᵘ = 4π ((₀ − 1)δ₀ + (₁−1)δ₁ + ∑ⁿ⁺ᵐⱼ₌₁(′ⱼ − 1)δₜⱼ)in ℝ², () = −2(1+∞)ln|| + O(1) as || → ∞, where ₀, ₁, ∞, and ′ⱼ are positive non-integers for 1 ≤ j ≤ , while ′ⱼ ∈ ℕ≥₂ are integers for + 1 ≤ j ≤ + . Geometrically, a solution gives rise to a conical metric ds² =1/2eᵘ|d|² of curvature 1 on the sphere, with conical singularities at 0, 1, ∞ and tⱼ, 1 ≤ j ≤ + , with angles 2π₀, 2π₁, 2π∞, and 2π′ⱼ at 0, 1, ∞ and tⱼ, respectively. The metric ds² or the solution is called co-axial, which was introduced by Mondello and Panov, if there is a developing map () of such that the projective monodromy group is contained in the unit circle. The sufficient and necessary conditions in terms of angles for the existence of such metrics were obtained by Mondello-Panov (2016) and Eremenko (2020). In this paper, we fix the angles and study the locations of the singularities ₁,…, ₙ₊ₘ. Let ⊂ ℂⁿ⁺ᵐ be the set of those (₁,…, ₙ₊ₘ)'s such that a co-axial metric exists. Among other things, we prove that (i) If = 1, i.e., there is only one integer ′ₙ₊₁ among ′ⱼ, then is a finite set. Moreover, for the case = 0, we obtain a sharp bound on the cardinality of the set . We apply a result due to Eremenko, Gabrielov, and Tarasov (2016) and the monodromy of hypergeometric equations to obtain such a bound. (ii) If ≥ 2, then is an algebraic set of dimension ≤ − 1.
The authors thank the referees very much for their careful reading and valuable comments. The research of the first author was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant 2022ZD0117000) and NSFC (No. 12222109, 12071240).
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Інститут математики НАН України
Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications
Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers
Article
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spellingShingle Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers
Chen, Zhijie
Lin, Chang-Shou
Yang, Yifan
title Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers
title_full Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers
title_fullStr Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers
title_full_unstemmed Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers
title_short Co-Axial Metrics on the Sphere and Algebraic Numbers
title_sort co-axial metrics on the sphere and algebraic numbers
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/212155
work_keys_str_mv AT chenzhijie coaxialmetricsonthesphereandalgebraicnumbers
AT linchangshou coaxialmetricsonthesphereandalgebraicnumbers
AT yangyifan coaxialmetricsonthesphereandalgebraicnumbers