Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations

Discrete Lagrangian multiform theory is a variational perspective on lattice equations that are integrable in the sense of multidimensional consistency. The Lagrangian multiforms for the equations of the ABS classification formed the start of this theory, but the Lagrangian multiforms that are usual...

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Veröffentlicht in:Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications
Datum:2025
Hauptverfasser: Richardson, Jacob J., Vermeeren, Mats
Format: Artikel
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Інститут математики НАН України 2025
Online Zugang:https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/213518
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Zitieren:Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations. Jacob J. Richardson and Mats Vermeeren. SIGMA 21 (2025), 058, 30 pages

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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author Richardson, Jacob J.
Vermeeren, Mats
author_facet Richardson, Jacob J.
Vermeeren, Mats
citation_txt Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations. Jacob J. Richardson and Mats Vermeeren. SIGMA 21 (2025), 058, 30 pages
collection DSpace DC
container_title Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications
description Discrete Lagrangian multiform theory is a variational perspective on lattice equations that are integrable in the sense of multidimensional consistency. The Lagrangian multiforms for the equations of the ABS classification formed the start of this theory, but the Lagrangian multiforms that are usually considered in this context produce equations that are slightly weaker than the ABS equations. In this work, we present alternative Lagrangian multiforms that have Euler-Lagrange equations equivalent to the ABS equations. In addition, the treatment of the ABS Lagrangian multiforms in the existing literature fails to acknowledge that the complex functions in their definitions have branch cuts. The choice of branch affects both the existence of an additive three-leg form for the ABS equations and the closure property of the Lagrangian multiforms. We give counterexamples for both these properties, but we recover them by including integer-valued fields, related to the branch choices, in the action sums.
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institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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last_indexed 2026-03-20T13:21:50Z
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publisher Інститут математики НАН України
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spelling Richardson, Jacob J.
Vermeeren, Mats
2026-02-18T11:23:17Z
2025
Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations. Jacob J. Richardson and Mats Vermeeren. SIGMA 21 (2025), 058, 30 pages
1815-0659
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 39A36; 37J70; 37J06
arXiv:2501.13012
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/213518
https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2025.058
Discrete Lagrangian multiform theory is a variational perspective on lattice equations that are integrable in the sense of multidimensional consistency. The Lagrangian multiforms for the equations of the ABS classification formed the start of this theory, but the Lagrangian multiforms that are usually considered in this context produce equations that are slightly weaker than the ABS equations. In this work, we present alternative Lagrangian multiforms that have Euler-Lagrange equations equivalent to the ABS equations. In addition, the treatment of the ABS Lagrangian multiforms in the existing literature fails to acknowledge that the complex functions in their definitions have branch cuts. The choice of branch affects both the existence of an additive three-leg form for the ABS equations and the closure property of the Lagrangian multiforms. We give counterexamples for both these properties, but we recover them by including integer-valued fields, related to the branch choices, in the action sums.
The impetus for this work was provided by the critical questions asked by an anonymous referee of the paper that has now become Part II of the present work [17]. We are grateful for their detailed feedback and constructive criticism. We would like to thank Prof Frank Nijhoff and Dr. Vincent Caudrelier for helpful discussions on the topic of this work and many related subjects. JR acknowledges funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council DTP, Crowther Endowment, and School of Mathematics at the University of Leeds. MV is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/Y006712/1].
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Інститут математики НАН України
Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications
Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations
Article
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spellingShingle Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations
Richardson, Jacob J.
Vermeeren, Mats
title Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations
title_full Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations
title_fullStr Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations
title_full_unstemmed Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations
title_short Discrete Lagrangian Multiforms for ABS Equations I: Quad Equations
title_sort discrete lagrangian multiforms for abs equations i: quad equations
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/213518
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