Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі
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| Published in: | Український історичний журнал |
|---|---|
| Date: | 1987 |
| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Ukrainian |
| Published: |
Інститут історії України НАН України
1987
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| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/214080 |
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| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі / В.М. Ричка // Український історичний журнал. — 1987. — № 8. — С. 95-106. — Бібліогр.: 61 назв. — укр. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860291447947788288 |
|---|---|
| author | Ричка,В.М. |
| author_facet | Ричка,В.М. |
| citation_txt | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі / В.М. Ричка // Український історичний журнал. — 1987. — № 8. — С. 95-106. — Бібліогр.: 61 назв. — укр. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Український історичний журнал |
| first_indexed | 2026-03-20T04:03:29Z |
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■’ riBJl.— M. I . - C. 81.' Ta\i >kc.— C. 102.11 p ii c e .1 k o b M. D.. C)‘iepKn no nepKonno-no. in rnnecKOii ncTopmi Kmcbckoi“i P v- cm X XII HB.— c n o .. 1913.— C. 77." F o :i y 6 H m c k n ii E. E. IIdopiiH pyccKoii uepKnii.— M .f 1901— T. I, nepßan no.:oi;iina tomb.— C. 328—330.‘ 1'IBJI.— M. I.— C. 137.11 P p e k o b B. H. KneBCKan Pycb.— M., 1953.— C. 478.11 P o p p e A. Państwo i kosciol na Rusi w XI wieku.— Warszawa. 1968.— 252 s.; f l o n n e A. B. Hctokii uepKOBiioii opraimaamm ^XpeunepyccKoro rocyaapcTBa // Cia- iioH.ieiuie paime())eoaa.ii>Mbi\ cvianHMCKMx rocy;iapcTU.— KneB, 1972.— C 134, 138— 139.
Ha Aoc^iÄÄeHHH A . I lo n n e l2. Tohkh 30py npo icHyBaHHH MHTponoAHqoi Kac{)6ApH y Kweßi qepe3 KijibKa poKiB nicAH nporoAOineHHH xphcthhhctb3 AepxcaBHOK) pejiirieio flaBHboi Pyci AOTpHMyiOTbCH i Taxi aBTOpHTeTHi äocjiU hhkh icTopil pycbKOi uepKBH, hk Jl. MioAAep Ta JL M . IU,anoB 13. y 3B*H3Ky 3 UHM 6e3HaAiÖHO 33CTapijIHMH, a rOJIOBHe — 6e3A0Ka30BHMH BHrJiHÄaiOTb rinoTe3H, mo paHime naHyBajiH b icTopiorpacjm, 30KpeMa npo opraHi3auifiHy 3a;ie>KHicTb pycbKOi uepKBH Oxpiua (M. J l . IIpH- cbOJiKOB, B . A . M oiiihh), P hm3 (M . A . BayMrapTeH), KopcyHH (O . Jlpop- Hin), TMyTapaKaHi (I\ B . BepHaACbKHft) Ta iH.y npoueci (J)opMyBaHHH opraHi3auiftHoi cTpyKTypH pycbKOi npaBOCJiaB- hoI uepKBH BHKopHCTOByBajiacH neBHa TpaunuiftHicTb icHyioqHx y caob’hh KyJIbTiB. Xloöpe BiUOMi (j)3KTH npo HaHBHiCTb npHXHJIbHHKiB XpHCTHHH- cbKoro BipoBqeHHH Ha cxiAHOcAOB’HHCbKHx 3eMjiax 3aÄOBro ao fioro ocpiuift- Horo 3anpoßaÄ>KeHHH y KHiBCbKifi uep>KaBi — npHHafiMHi 3 cepeAHHH I thc. h. e. LUe y 60-x poxax IX ct. KHiBCbKi KHH3i AcKOAbA i J l ip Ta qacTHHa i'xHix Apy>KHHHHKiB CnOßUyBaJIH XpHCTHHHCTBO I4. XpHCTHHHCbKi OÓIUHHH icHy- BajiH y Kneßi i b qacn KHHAriHHH y HbOMy Ojiera Ta Iropn (882—945 pp.). Tan, b MHpHifl yroui khh3h Iropa 3 rpenaMH 945 p. 3rauyBajiacH nepina KHiBCbKa uepKBa — IJiJiiHCbKa. 3MaAbOByioqH npoueuypy paTHcpiKauil uie'i yroAH, AiTonnceub noBiuoMjiHB: «...flpH3Ba Hropb cah (nocjiiß.—
B. P.), h npHue Ha xoam, kAe CTOHine IlepyH, h noKJiauoina opyatbe CBoe, h lUHTbi, h 3o;ioto, H xoah Hropb poTe H aioah ero, ejiHKO noraHbix Pycn; a xpecTenHyio Pycb BOAHiua poTe b uepKBH cBHTaro HjibH, nx ê ecTb HaA PyqaeM... ce 60 6e cöopHan uepKH» 15. HoBirai apxeojioriqHi AaHi cßiAqaTb npO HaflBHiCTb XpHCTHHHCbKHX OÖ1UHH HanpHKiHUi IX —B X CT. i B iHlIIHX MicTax Pyci, 30Kpe\ia y HoBropoAi16. CepeA npHXHJIbHHKiB xphcthhhctb3, HMOBipHo, 6yjiH i npo(J)eciHHi cAy>KHTeAi KyAbTy. O t>kc, bhhhk3AH 3apoAKH HeAOCKOHaAoi uepKOBHoi opraHi3auii.ripHHUHnoBe 3HaqeHHH Mae AOBeAeHe 51. M . lUanoBHM AaBHbocAOB’aH- cbKe noxoA>KeHHH AecHTHHH — ocHOBHOi cpopMH MaTepiajibHoro 3a6e3neqeH- hh pycbKOi uepKBH 3a ao6h paHHboro cj)eoAaAi3My17. 3a;iyqeHi BqeHHM nopiBHHAbHO-icTopHqHi MaTepiaAH ft 3po6jieHi hhm cnocrepe>KeHHH AaiOTb niACTaBH TBepAHTH, mo AaBHbopycbKa (popMa acchthhh BHHHKJia b y\ioBax couiaAbHO-eKOHOMiqHoro ft noAiTHqHoro po3BHTKy cxiAHOCAOB’HHCbKoro cycniAbCTBa Apyroi noAOBHHH I thc. IcHyioqHft y cxiAHnx caob’hh cnociö eKO- HOMiqHoro 3aöe3neqeHHH H3HqHHUbKoro KyAbTy 6yB nepeHeceHHft Ha xphcth- HHCbKHft. CnaAKOBicTb uepKOBHoi opraHi3auii’ b J l a s m H Pyci neBHoio Mipoio BiAo6pax<aiOTb AiTonHCHi CBiAqeHHn, niATBepA>KeHi apxeoAoriqHHMH AaHHMH npo Te, mo xpncTHHHCbKi xpaMH cnopyAwyBaAHcn nepeBax<Ho Ha Micuax, Ae paHime po3MimyßajiHCb H3HqHHUbKi Kannma. HanpiiKAaA, p03noßiAa- K>qn npo HaBepHeHHH khhh ao xpHCTHHHCTBa, AiTOiiHceub niA 988 p., 30Kpe- Ma, noBiAOMAHB, mo Boaoahmhp CßHTOCJiaBHq «noBe^e pyönra uepKBH h
12 L o w m i a n s k i H. Rec. na ks. A. Poppe Państwo i kosciol na Rusi w XI wieku // Kwartalnik historyczny.— 1970.— 3.— S. 792—796.
13 M ii 11 e r L. Zum problem des hierarchischen status und der jurisdiktionellen Abhängigkeit der russischen kirchc vor 1039.— Köln; Braunsfeld, 1959.— 84 s.; LU a- nOB H. H. rocyaapcTBO n uepKOBb b ZlpeBHefi Pycn (KOHeu X — nepBan nojiOBHHa XIII b). // Gesellschaft und Kultur Russlands im frühen Mittelalter.— Halle (Saale), 1981.— S. 61; IJU a n o B 51. H. OopMupoBaime h pa3 BHTHe uepKOBHOH opraHH3auHH Ha Pycn b KOHue X—XII b. //flpeBHeHuine rocy^apcTBa Ha TeppmopuH CCCP: Ma- Tepna.ibi h HCCJieAOBaiuiH, 1985 r.— M „ 1986.— C. 58—62.
14 T o .i o *1 k o n. n. jUpeBHHH Pycb: 0 ‘iepKH couna.ibHO-no.iHTimecKon iiCTopiiH.— KneB, 1987.— C. 60—62. C jiU BpaxoByBam, mo ui KHH3i BHKopucTOByBa.m xphcthhiictbo,OlieBHAI!0, 3 MeTOK) p03B’H3aHHH neBHIIX aOBHiuiHbOnOJliTIUIHHX 3aBAailb. A /̂Ke XpHCTH- HHCbKe BipoBMenHH TÔ i ure He 6y^o AepwaBHOio pe^irieio.
»5 n B Jl.— H. I.— C. 39.
16 51 h 11 h B. Jl. JleToniiciibie paccKa3bi o Kpememni HOBropoAueB: (o bo3mo>khom HCTOHHiiKe HoaKiiMOBCKOw .leTomicu) // PVCCKHH ropo^: Hcc^e^OBainin h MaTepiia.m.— M., 1984.— Bbin. 7.— C. 40—56.
17 U t a n o B 51. H. UepKOBb b ciicieMe roc\viapcTBeHnoii B.iacTii ZIpeBHeii Pycn /,' JlpeBHepyccKoe rocyjapcTUO 11 ero McHCiynapoanoe siiaHeiiiic. — M., 1965.—C. 315—326; l U a n o B 51. H. UepKOBb ii cianoB.iemie ApeBiiepyccKou rocy^apcTBeiiiiocTii // Bonp. hc- ropiiH.— 1969.— N? 11.— C. 60.
nocTaBJiHTH no mcctom, Hße >Ke eroaxy KyMnpn. H nocTaBH uepKOBb CBHTaro BacHJibH na xoAMe, HAe >Ke cToaiue KyMnp IlepyH h npomin, HAe >Ke TBopaxy noTpeöu KHH3b n AioAbe» 18. MaKCHMajibHo npncTOCOByionHCb AO yMOB paHHbocepeAHbOBiqHo! Pyci, npaßocJiaBHa uepKBa ycnaAKOByßaAa OKpcMi Micueßi KyjibTOBi TpaAHuri, 3ai<AaAaioqH niABaAHHH CBoei' opraHi- 3auiHHoi‘ CTpyKTypn.Ocepe^KOM ocTaHHboi 6yAa KHiBCbKa MHTponoAHqa Kacj)eApa, Ha qoAi HKOl CTOHB MHTponOJIHT, IUO 3aTBepA>I<yBaBCH y KOHCTaHTHHOnOJli. Ocb qOMy BHIUi CaHOBHHKH pyCbKOl UCpKBH ÖyJlH BHxUUHMH 3 Bi3aHTÜ. TaK, 3 22 MHTponojiHTiß, HKi oqoJUOBajiH pycbKy uepKBy b AOMOHroAbCbKHÖ nepioA, 19 6yjin rpexaMH 19. O a h 3k 6e3nocepeAHe niunopHÄKyBaHHH MHTponojinqoi Kacj)CApn KOHCTaiiTHHono^bCbKin naTpiapxii He o6Me>KyBajio babah pycb- Koro KHH3H. KwIßCbKa MHTpOnOJliH npOBOÄHJia CaMOCTiHHy UepKOBHO-aAMiHi- cTpaniBHy AinAbiiicTb, cTBopioioqH enHCKoncbKi KacfreApn i npH3HaqaioqH Ha HHX CaHOBIIHIviB 20. Ba/KJIHBO niAKpCCJIHTH, mo IUAHXH (J)OpMyBaHHH Aep- >KaBHo-aAMiHicTpaTHBHoro noAiAy i opraHi3auiftHoi* CTpyKTypn uepKBH B OCHOBHOMy 3ÖiraAHCH. 30KpeMa, 3a pOKH npaBAiHHH BoJIOÄHMHpa C bhto- cjiaBHqa i Hpocjiaßa MyAporo öyjiH 3acHOBaHi enncKonii* y HoßropoAi, Ilo- Jioubxy, BiAropoAi, TMyiapanaHi, ni3Hiuie Hepmroßi, nepencjiaßi Ta iHiiiHX MicTax — aAMiHicTpaTHBHo-nojiiTiiqHHx neHTpax MafiöyTHix 3eMeJib-KHH- 3iBCTB *. BoAHoqac HaMiciniKiß bcahkoto khh3h npH3HaqajiH b ui M icia. y jiiTonHcniii cTarri niA 988 p. noBiAOMAHAoea, 30i<peMa, npo nocaAweHHH BoAOAHMiipoM CßHTocjiaBHqeM cboTx chhib y HoßropoAi, üojioubKy, Typoßi, PocTOßi, TMyTapanaHi Ta iHiiiHX MicTax21 22. y nepioA npaßjiiHHH
b Kweßi Hpocjiaßa Myuporo (1019—1054 pp.) floro CHHH-Ha- MicHHKH npaBHJiii B HoßropoAi, Typoßi fl BoAOAHMHpi Ha BoJiHHi22. CncTeMa nocaAHUUTBa — npn3HaqeHHH BeAHKOKHH3iBCbKHx naMicHHKiß, a Ta- KO)K HanpaBJieHHH UepKOBHHX CaHOBHHKiß B OCBOCHl ACpÄaBOK) 30MJli — BiA- noßiAajia noTpeöaM oö’euHaBqoi* nojiiTHKH KiiiBCbKoro ypHAy.
UepKBa niAHHJia 3HaqeHHH bejih k ok h h 3 i b cbKoi BJiaun, cnpHHJia 3Miu-
HeHHIO nOAiTHqHHX 3B H31viB Mi>K pißHIIMH HBCTHHBMH Acp>KaBH. Hk 3a3Ha-
qaß ®. EnreAbc, xphcthhhctbo oö’eAHyßaAo (JjeoAaAbne cycniAbCTBO Teojio-
riqiioio eAnicTK), «...cbocio (JjeoAajibHoio opraHi3auieio uepKBa Aaßajia pejii-
riflHe ocßnqeHHH cßiTCbKOMy Aep>KaBHOMy jiauoBi, iuo rpyHTyßaBCH na (J)eoAajibHHx naqaAax»23.y KOHKpeTHO-icTopnqHHx yMOBax paHHbocepeuHbOBiqHoi Pyci npaßo- cjiaBHa uepKBa CTBopioBajiaca 3a (J)eoAajibHO-iepapxiqHHM 3pa3KOM, nacjiiAyioqH CTpyKTypy Aepa<aBHoro ycTpoio KniBCbKOi Pyci. Po3rjiHAaioqH
iii Micue y cycnijibCTßi 3a ao6h paHHboro cepeAHbOBiqqa, ®. EHreAbc 3ayßa>KyBaB: «BoHa OTOHHAa (J)eoAajibHHfi Aau opeoAOM 6o>KecTBeHH0i ÓAarouaTi. C boio BAacHy iepapxiio BOHa BCTaHOBHAa 3a cjjeoAaAbHHM 3pa3Ko\i...» 24. y nepioA icnyBainiH bi*ahocho 6AHhoT agpaobhoi CTpyKTypn Pyci (ao ccpeAHHii XI ct.) (J)yiiKuioHyBaAH cAHHa 3araAbHOAep>KaBHa mht- ponoAin i KiAbKa enncKonifl, iuo BiAnoßiAaAo pißHio cycniAbHo-noAi- THquoro i eKOHOMiqHoro po3BHTi<y X(aBHboi Pyci, u (j)opMi npaBAiHHH.ToAi uepKBa iue He MaAa nocTiflHHx babchhx A>KepeA npnóyTidB. Hk18 nBJi.—q. i.—c. 8i.
19 Tau Ta CB H. M. UepKOBb u (f>eô a.iH3M na Pycn.— M., I960 — C. 21.
20 m a n o b fl. H. Tocy/iapcTBo u uepKOBb b iXpeBiie» Pycu (koiicu X — nepBan noJiOBinia XIII b.).— C. 61.
* GmicKoncbKi Ka ê p̂n BiViKpiiBa.uiCH TaKO>K y Midax, mo 3iiaxoAHJiHCb y npn-
KopAommx 3 KOMOBifM «flo.ieM» oö âcTjix (IOpTß, Kania Ta in.). Micueßi enncKonii aK-
TiiBHO Bn.iiiBa.iii na c|)opMyBanHH rociio^apcbKoi ii cycni.ibiio-no.iiTii'iiioi' eunocTi ulet
no.iieTiiimioT oó^acTi.
21 FIBJI.— M. I.— C. 83.
22 nojilioe coöpaHHe pyccKHx .leTonncen.— M., 1962 (AaJii — IlCPJl).— T. 2.—C tbh. 138, 149-150; FIBJI.—14. I.—C. 108: H IU I.-C . 770.
23 Ei i re. i bc O. lOpiiAHHiiHH couia.ii3M // M a p k c K., EHrej i bc O. Tßopn.—
T. 21.— C. 473.
2Ą E u r e .1 b c <t>. BcTyn ao aiirjiiricbKoro BiiAainiH «Po3B»TKy couia;ii3My bi*a yTOnil ao navKii» // Ta.M >Ke.— T. 22.— C. 291.
ynp. icT. wypn., 1987, 5 7* 99
y>Ke 3a3HaqajiocH, b paHHbocj)eoAa;ibHHH nepioA XlaBHbopycbKoI Acp>KaBH rojioBHoio (J)opMoio MaTepiajibHoro 3a6e3neqeHim uepKBH 6y.ia AecHTHHa *. Ii BCT3HOBHB KHIBCbKHH ypHA KHH3H BoAOAHMlipa CßHTOCViaBliqa HanpH- KiHui X ct. B oahih 3 AaBHix pe^aKuifi «VcTaBa KHH3H BjiaanMiipa o Ae- CHTimax, cyAax h aioahx uepKOBHbix» 3a3HaqajiocHf mo nic.iH cnopyAweHHH Hanpm<iHui X ct. b Kiießi coßopHoro xpa\iy Boropo/umi (üecHTHHHoi uepKBH) KHH3b Boaoahmhp «Aax en AecHTHHy no Been 3 eM.n1 PycbCTeii hc KHH>KeHHH B coöopHyio uepKOBb ot Bcero khh>ka cyAa AecflTyio BeKiuio, a hc Topry ACCHTyio HeAejiio, a H3 aomob Ha bchko .ieTO ot bchkoto craAa h ot bchkoto >kht3 qioAHOMy Cnacy h hioahch cro MaTcpn»25. UepKBi y ZlaBHifi Pyci, t3khm mhhom, öyjio HaAaHo npaBo oAep>KyBaTH acchtv qacTimy npnßyTKiß, mo HaAxo.aH.iii bi'a KHH3iBCbKoi a3hhhh, cyAy i miiTa. Ue npaBO nOUJHpiOBaJlOCH Ha BCIO xpHCTHHHi30B3Hy TCpiITOpilO KniBCbKOl Aep>KaBH.HecHTHHa öyjia (J)opMoio po3noAiAy (J)eoAa;ibHoT peHTH Mi>K cßiTCbKoio (Aep>KaBH0K)) i UepKOBHOK) BJiaAOIO26. OAep>KaHHH MaCTHHH uhx npHÖyTKiß, OAHaK, He Aae m'ACTaB KBaJii(j)iKyBaTH uepKBy hk cj)eoAajibHoro 3eMjieBJiac- HHKa. Aa>kc BOHa me He Ma.ia npaBa b Lib ho po3nopHA>KaTHCH o6po6.no- B3HHMH 3CMJIHMH H 33AOKHHMH CejIHH3MH, mo 6y.lO HeOAMl'HHOK) yMOBOK) npHH3Jie>KHocTi Ao KJiacy (J)eoAaAbHHx ba3chhkib. Hk 3a3HaiiaB K. Mapnc, «3eMeAbHa BJiacHicTb nepcAöaqae MOHono.iiio neBHHx oci6 po3nop«A>Ka- THCH neBHHMH AiAHHK3M H 3CMAl‘ HK BHKJIIOMHHMH, TMbKH 1M niAnopHAKO- BäHHMII C(j)epaMH IX 0C0ÖHCT01 BOJli»27. B CycniVlbHO-eKOHOMlMHUX y.MOBaX po3BHTi<y paHHbO(j)eoAaAbHoi* Pyci, nepeBawaHHH AepwaBHoi (})opMH (J)eo- Aa.ibHo’i BJiacHocTi Ha 3cm.iio uepKBa me He 6yjia (Ta ii He MOivia 6yTH) KOpnopaTHBHHM 3eMJien.iacmiK0M. Uc niATBcpA/KyeTbCH (xom i noöiqHo) BiAcyTHicTK) 3a(j)iKC0BaHnx y A>Kcpcjiax ki'huh X — nepmoT nojioBimn XI ct. 33K0H0AaBHHX HOpM mOAO UepKOBHOm 3CM.ieB0.10AiHHH.B toh qae Aep>KaBa Ta Ti naHyioqufi KAac noAaBajiii uepi<Bi Bceßiquy MaTepiajibHy AonoMory. V A>i<epojiax 3raAyiOTbCH «bkahah», «npnnocn», «ypoKH», hkhmh 3a6e3neqyBaAH uepKBy AaBHbopycbKhh ypHA i oi<peMi (JjeoAa.iH. HanpHKAaA, noBiAOM.iHioqn npo 6yAiBHHUTBo KaM’HHoro Co(J)iii- cbKoro coöopy y Kneßi 3a qaeiß npaBAiHHH Hpocjiaßa MyAporo, .liTonncenb niA 1037 p. 3a3naqaB, mo toh «ynpacHB \o 30.iotom h cepe6po\i h cocyAbi UepKOBHbIMH... H HHbl UepKBH CTaB.IHHie no rpaAOM II nOMeCTOM, nOCT3B.’IHH nonbi u Aan hm ot hmehbh cßoero ypoK» 28 29. KiiH3i BHAinn.in xpa\ia\i ue Ti.rib- kh 3o.iOTi Ta cpißHi BHpoÓH, a ii 3HaqHi cyMH rpomcn. Tan, 3a rpa.Moioio Be.iHKoro KHH3H McTHc.iaBa Bo.ioAHMHpoBHqa i cmia iioro Bccbo/ioab Bia
1130 p. HOBropoACbKOMv lOp’eBv MOHacTHpio nepeaaBa.nocH «no.:n,TpeTHHAc- CHTe rpHBeHb cbhtomv >kc* reopmeBH. A ce h Bccbo.ioa aa.i ecbM öaioao ce- peöpbiio b 30 rpHBeHi, cepeöpa cbhtomv >ko reopmeBH» 20. flpii 3acHyBaimi bcahkoi uepKBH rieqepcbKoro MOiiacTiipn y K iicbi' — VcneniH Boropo- AHui—chh Hpocviaßa My/iporo—CßmocviaB no/KcpTBVBaB Ha ovaibhiiutbo xpaMy, noro o3Ao6AeHHH i yrpiiMaHiin 100 rpiiBCHb j o .hoth 30.nepc.iiK noAißmix u piiKAaAiß \io>KHa npoAOB>Kimi. O aH aK HaßiTi. HaBCACHi c()aKTH AaiOTb m o>KMHBicTb noßaqiiTH Tici-iy 3a.ic>KiiicTb uepKOBHoi
:it rioHHTTH «aecHTHiin» 03Ha'iat noaaTOK, mo cianoBUTb aecHTy »lacnmy npnöyTKiß
KHH3H. rii3Hime nia hum (iouhtthm po3y.Mi.iacB t3ko>k onpyra — ncönn Ki.ibKicTb nepKOB
i MoiiacmpiB, mo 3iiaxo;iH.incb y uiaamii aecHTiniKa (cBBmemiKa, hkomv aopyia.iacH
c.iv>K6a b KijibKO.x napa({)iHx).— A a .1 b B. C.iOBapb >KiiBoro Be.niKopvccKoro H3biKa.— M.'; 016., 1880.— T. I.— C. 433—434.
25 JIpeBHcpvcckhc KHH/KecKiie vcTaBbi XI—XV bb.— M.. 1976.— C . 23; TIBJI.— M. I.— C. 85.2G LU. a n o b H. H. UepKOBb b ciicieMe rocvaapcTBciinoii B.iacm ^peBiien Pvch.— C. 296—302.
27 Ma p i ś c K. Kaniia.i, t . 3, kh. 3 // M a p k c K., E h r e . n c O. Tsopii.— T. 25.— q. 2.— C. 151.2S FIBJl.— q. I.— C. 103; >Kimm Bopuca ii T.ieöa // naMarmiKii apeBnepyccKofi .niTepaTypbi.— Ilr., 1916.— Bbin. 2.— C. 19.
29 TpaMOTbi Be.iHKoro HoBropoaa u IlcKOBa.— M.; Jl., 1949.— C. 140—141.
20 I1BJ1.— q. I.— C. 122; KiieBO-ne'iepcbKiin riaiepiiK.— K., 1930.— C. 8.
opraHi3auii\ mo c|)opMyBaAacH, bU MicueBHx yMOB enoHOMinHoro Ta cycnLib- Ho-noJiinmHoro /khtth KpaiHH. FIpHCTocoByioqHCb ao hhx , uepi<0 BHa opraHi3auifl po3pocTaJiac« b ia h ó i BiUHp, CTaioqH CKAaAOBOio qacTHHoio ^aBHbopycbKoro cfreoAaAbHoro cycniAbCTBa.
Ba>KJiHBy po;ib y po3BHTKy npouecy xpHCTHHHi3auii Pyci, 3MiuHeHHi
opraHi3auiHHoi cTpyicrypn uepKBH BiairpaBajiH MOHacTHpi Ta iHCTHryT qep-
HeuTBa. nepiiü MOHacTHpi b h h h o h y KwiBCbKiń AepwaBi b qacw KHH3K)BaH- hh Hpocjiaßa My^poro. B ohu 6yjiw nepeBa>KHo KTHTopcbKi, toóto npucBH-
qeHi xpucTHHHCbKHM naTpoHa.M KHH3H Ta iioro poahhh . U,e — TeopriiBCbKUH
Ta IpHHHHCbKHti y Kneßi, npo cnopyAweHHH hkhx flpocAaBOM My^piiM noBi- aomahb jiiTomic niA 1037 p .31. ni3Hiiue 3’hbhahch öaraTi KHflwi, (J)aMi.ibHi
Ta iHUii MOHacTHpi. 3araAbHa ix KijibKicTb Ha Pyci b AOMonroAbCbKHH
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rocno^apcTBa 3 ceJiaMH, öopthm h , cino>KaTHMh Ta iHUJHMH yriAAHMH
i cnpHHJiH 3MiuHeHHK) c))eoAaAbHo-iepapxiqHoi' cTpyKTypw uepKOBHoi opra-
Hi3auii‘ y KniBCbKift Pyci.HacaawyiOMH b Kpami xphcthhhctbo, uepKBa noujHpioBaJia cbi'h biuihb cepeA pi3Hnx npoiiiapKiB Hace.iCHHH, npoHHKa;ia b yci ccj)epH >khtth aio- ahhh— bU ii' HapoA>KeHHH fi ao caMoi CMepTi. BoHa HaMara^acH fiom’hk- ujhth KJiacoßi cynepeqHocTi, mo po3AHpaAH AaBHbopycbKe cycniJibCTBO, 3aKJiHKaioqH CKcnAyaTaTopiB i ei<cnjiyaTOBaiiHx ao npHMHpeHHH, aochthchha cycniJibHoi rapMOHii. B i<aHOHiqHHx nocTaHOBax, mo Majiii cwjiy 3ai<0Hy, noAeMiqHHX TBopax, yciiHx nponoßiAflx AyxoBCHCTBO BciAHKO HaBiiOBaAo iAei* neMHHyqocTi niAKopeHHH Ta eKcruiyaTauii, (J)opMyioqH thm caMHM cvcnijibHy naciiBHicTb. OcBflqyioqn CHCTCMy (J)eoAaAbHo‘i CKcnAyaTanii, uepKBa 3MiuHioBaAa BAaAy naHiBHoro KJiacy. BoAHoqac yAocKOHaAioBaAacH cTpyKTypa uepKOBHoi opraHi*3auiT, bhao3M iHioBaAocb i'T Micue b couiajibHo- noAmiquifi ciicTeMi AaBHbopycbKoro cycnLibCTBa. Ha noqaTKy XI ct. uepKBa CTajia CBoepiAHiiM opraHOM üaBHbopycbKoi acp>K3bh, 11 noBHonpaBHHM i naßiTb npiiBiACHOBaHHM qACHOM 33. lie 6yAo HacAiAKOM Toro cTaHOBiima, HKe, 3 a BH3HaqcHHH\i 0 . EiireAbca, «...3aiiMaAa uepKBa... hk iiaiióiAbiu 3araAbHa cam<uifl icHyioqoro cj)eoAaAbHoro AaAy» 34.üaAbmiiN co u i a a b ho * e k o h o m i q h h h po3bhtok KpaiHH, 30Kpewa niAHeceH- iiH 3eMAepo6cTBa, peMecAa i TopriBAi, 3yMOBAiOBaAH neoöxiAnicTb 3MiH
y noAiTuqHifi cucTeMi. B Apyrift noAOBHHi X I—XII ct . aKTHBi3yBaAiicfl npouecu (})OpMyBaHHH 3eMAeBOAOAiHHfl KHH3iB i 6o«p, 36iAbmHAaCH KiAb- Kl'CTb M iCT, nOCHAHAaCH Tx pOAb HK UeHTpiß 3CMeAb-KHH3iBCTB. Po3BIITOK BeAHKoro 3e\tACBOAOAiHHH, Bi<a3yBaB O . EnreAbc, cnpuqHHHB 3MiHH b aAMi- HiCTpaTIIBHO-TCpHTOpiaAbHOMV yCTpo'l (J)eOA3AbHHX KpaiM CepCAHbOBiqHOrO cßiTy35. Ca.vie b toh qae BH3HaqaAHCb ochobhi' Me>i<i AaBHbopycbKiix 30MCAb-KHH3iBCTB, KOACKTIIBHHM CK)3epCHOM B HKHX BHCTVIiaAa MlCUCBa (|)C0AaAbHa BcpxiBKa. FIepepo3noAiA 3e\ieAbHoi' BAacnocTi, ocabóachhh eKOHOMiquoi i noAmiqHoi chah ueHTpaAbHoi* babah npHBCAH ao yTBep- A>kchhh HanpiiKii-mi X I—XII ct . no.iiueHTpioiHoi c^opMH Aep>KaBHoi BAa- ah 36. I iiaKine Ka/Kyqu, b KiiiBCbKifi Pyci ocTaToquo CKAa/iacn ct3Hobo- iepapxiqHa (j)eoAaAbHa CTpyKTypa KAacy 3CMCAbHHx BAacHHKiB, mo npoTii- CTOHA3 6e3nocepeAHiM BlipoÖHHK3M. «lepapxiqHa CTpyKTypa 3CMACBOAOAiH- HH i 3B*H33H3 3 HdO CHCTCMa 36pOHHHX Apy>Kiiii, — IlHCaAIl K. MapKc i
0 . EHreAbc, — AaBa/m ABopancTBy B.iaAy naA KpinaKaMH. Lin (J)coAaAbiia
31 nBJI.— M. I.— C. 102. To,ii. 3a CBiAMeminM .h'toiiiiciui, «nana Bcpa xpecTbHHbCKa naoAHTHCH ii paiuiipHTH, n liepnopii3bnn noMaiua mmo>kiitiich, h viaiiacTbipeBe noMHuaxyÖblTH».
32 C a n y ii o b 5. B. Knura b P occhii b XI—XIII b b .— JI., 1978.— C. 63— 64.
33 Ul a ii o b 91. H. LlepivOBb b cncTCMe rocvaapcmeiiHofl B.iacTii ilpeBiieii Pvcii. —C. 350.
34 E i i r e . i b c O. CeaHHCbKa Biniia b HiMCM*inni // M a p n c K., E H r e . n c TBopn.— T. 7.— C. 343.
35 ;1hb.: E n r e ^ b c O. OpanKCbKiiH nepioA // Taw we.— T. 19.— C. 485.
30 n a my to B. T. 3 ß0 îomiH no^nniMecKoro cipo« Pycw (X—XIII bb.) // L’Euro- pe aux IX—XI siecles.— Warsowie, 1968.— P. 244—245.
CTpyKTypa... 6yj\a acouiauieio, cnpHMOßaHoio npoTH noHeBOJieHoro, BHpoß- AHioqoro Kjiacy...» 37.3MiHH b Aep>KaBHOMy ycTpoi KniBCbKoT P yci, b cboio qepry, BHKJiHKajiii eBOAioiiiio uepKOBHoi* opraHi3auiI. IloKa30BO b ubOMy BiAHomeHHi npo- ctokhth peaKixiK) uepKBH Ha nepeßir nojiiTHqmix noAifi y npaiHi nicAH cMepn* Hpocjiaßa MyAporo. ToAi BejiHKOKHH3ißCbKHH CTiJi y Kneßi nepe- hihob ao Horo CTapiuoro CHHa — l3HCJiaßa. CßHTOCJiaB i BceBOJiOA HpocjiaBii- qi npaBH.TH, BiAnoßiAHO, y HepHiroßi Ta riepencjiaBi38. riopyiiieHHH Aep>i<aB- hoi i TepiiTopiajibHoI eAHocri Pyci BHacjiiAOK nojiiTHqHoro BiAOKpeMJieHHH MepHiriBLUHHH i IlepeHCJiaBmHHH npußejio ao cTBopeHHH b cmnbHHx rpaAax mix KHH31BCTB OCiÖHHX THTyJIHpHHX * MHTpOnOAifi 39. 3 p03IiaAOM TpnyMBi- p aiy ** Hpoc/iaBHqiß nicrin CMepTi CßHTOCAaBa Be:iHKOKHH3iBCbKHH CTiji 33HHHB BceBOJIOÄ HpOCJiaBHH 40, a ynpaBJliHHH uepKBaMH BCix TpbOX KlIH3iBCTB noqaB 3AiflCIIIOBaTH niABJiaAHHH flOMy KHiBCbKHH MHTpOnOJTHT. H k öäHHMO, uepKBa uibhako CKopHCTajiacn couiajibHO-nojiiTHqHoio cHTyauieio, mo cKjiajiacH b nepioA m i>K 1054 i 1076 pp.BiAHOBjieHHH BceBOJioAOM HpocJiaBHqeM sahhobjia ahoi cj)opMH npaß- jhhhh He 3Moivio 3yriHHHTH HapocTaHHH npoueciß (j)eoAaJibHoT po3Apo6jie- HocTi, HCMHHyqHM HacJiiAKOM HKoro 6yjio ocjiaßjieHHH ueHTpajibHOi BJiaA». yTBepA>KeHHH p03BHHyTHX (J)eOAaJIbHHX ßiAHOCHH, HI<i 6a3yBaJIHCH Ha BOT- qiiHHOMy 3eMACBOJioAiHHi, npiiBeJio ao no>KBaBjieHHH cycniJibH O -nojim piH oro >KHTTH Ha MiCUHX. Y MOK3X (j)eOAaJIbHHX 3e.MeJIb-KHH3iBCTB 3MilXHIOBajiaCH BAaAa oKpcMHx Kopnopauiw bcjihkhx 3eMCJibHHx BJiacHHKiß, mo BHCTynajiH KOJieKTHBHHM CJ03CpeH0M UHX TepHTOpift, BCTaHOBAIOBaJIH HOpMH (jjeOAaAb- Hoi* eK cn jiyaT au ii i couiajibH y ie p a p x iio .B CTOJIHUHX AaBHbOpyCbKHX KHH31*BCTB, IUO (})OpMyBaJlHCH, BHHHKaJIH enncKoncbKi Ka(j)eApn, ni\i öyjiii iACOAoriqHOio onopoio MicueBoro 3eMejib- Horo HoöijieTeTy. B XII — Ha noqaTKy XIII ct. HOBi emicKonii 3*hbhjihch y CMOJieHCbKy, PH3ani, Typoßi, FIoJioubKy, PocTOBi, Tajiiiqi, riepeMHiujii Ta Ae HK hx iHuiHx MicTax41. KiJibKicTb enncKoncbKHx Kacj)eAp y AOMOHrojib- cbKiifi nepioA ßyjia TOTO>KHa qncejibHOCTi (J)eoAajibHnx KHH3ißCTB XUßHbo- pycbKoi* Aep>K3BH. OpraHi*30BaHa Ha ({)eoAajibHHx 3acaAax xpHCTHHHCbKa uepnoBHa opraHi3auin BijxuoBmajia iepapxiqHifi CTpyKTypi JUßHbopycbKoT Aep>KaBii. H k 3a3HaqaB ®. EHrejibC, «b cepeAHi BiKH, b Tift caMift Mipi, B HK 1H P03BHB3BCH (J)eOAaJli3M, xpHCTHHHCTBO HaÖHpaJIO BHIYIHAy Bl*Ano- BiAHoI iioMy pejiirii 3 BiAnoßiAHOio cj)eoAa;ibHoio iepapxieio» 42. UepKOBHi enapxii oTOTo>KmoBajiHCH 3 KopAOnaMH (J)eoAaJibHHx 3CMeAb He TiJibKH TepiiTopiaAbHO. BHyTpiuiHifi ycrpin uepKOBHO-aAMiHicTpaTHBHhx oßjiacTcfi noBHicTio BiAnoBiAaB no;iiTHKO-aAMiHicTpaTHBHOMy noAi^y 3e\ieAb khh- 3ißCTB na BOAocTi i norocTH, mo AocuTb Biipa3HO npocTe>KyeTbCH b iepap- xiqHifl CTpyKTypi HaccAemix nymmB ZlaBHboi Pyci, bIaomiix 3a apxeojio- riquiiMH A3HHMH 43. OcHOBy BHyTpiiuHboi opraHi3auii* enapxiaAbHOi oß^acTi CTaHOBHAH npnxoAH-norocTii, mo oß’eAHVBaAHCH ni3Hime b Taic 3BaHi37 M a p k c K.. E i i r e . i b c O. HixieubKa iÄeo.iori«: KpiiTHKa HOBiniboi nivteubKoI cpijiococ|)ii b ocoói TT npeaciaBUHKiB Oefiepdaxa, B. Bayepa i LU-ripnepa i HiweubKOro co- uia:ii3Niv b ocoói fioro pi3HHx npoponiß // Tßopn.— T. 3.— C. 22.
38 riBJI.— H. I.— C. 109.* To6tO TIIMWaCOBHX, B^aiUTOBaillfX 3a AOMOBJieHiCTK) Mi>K CBiTCbKHMH i UepKOBIIIlMH npaBiiTe.iJiMii Ta 3 Tx oóoni^bHoT 3toah.
39 n o n n 3 A. B. PyccKHe MHTponoAim KoHCTaiiTiiHonojibCKoft naTpnapxHH b XI cto- .lenni !l Bii3anT. BpeMcmiHK, 1968.— T. XXVIII.— C. 103—104.** CiicTeMa cni.ibnoro ynpaß;iiHHH «PycbKOio 3cm:ick>» ciiHa\ni Hpoc.iaßa Myaporo,
1110 CK.ia.iacR nic.iR noro cviepii.40 riBJl.— H. I.— C. 131—132.41 r i p i i c e . i K O D M. fl . OqepKH no uepKOBHO-nojimunecKofi nciopmi KneBCKofl
Pvch X—XII b b .— C. 310— 390.
42 E 11 r e .1 b c O. Jlio^Bir Oenepöax i niiieub K.iaciiMHoT HiweubKoT (|)î oco(J)iI U
M a p k c K., E n r e j i b c O. TBopn — T. 21— C. 299.
43Ky 3 a A. B. Majiue ropOAa b ApeBiien Pycn X—XIII bb. // flpeBHcpyccKiiH ropo :̂ MaTepna.ibi Bcecoi03. apxeo.ior. KOH(f>ep., nocB. 1500-.ienno ropowa KucBa — Kirb . 1934.— C. 65; ApeBiiHH Pycb: Topoa, 3amok, ce.io .// Apxeo.ioriiH CCCP — M., 1985.— C. 97. 101.
aeCHTIIHII U. YnpaBJliHHH UHM» UepKOBHO-aAMiHicTpaTHBHHMH OCepeAKaMH 3̂ iHCHIOBaJ10CH HaMiCHHKaMH enHCKOna. BuHHKHeHHH iHCTHTyTy BJiaAHH- Horo HaMicHHUTBa, BiAOMoro Ha Pyci 3 XII ct., 6y;io BHKjiHKaHO ocoójihboc- thmh po3BHTKy AaBHbopycbKoro cycniJibHo-nojiiTHHHoro Jiaay i He Majio npe- ue^eHTa y Bi3aHTiftcbKift iMnepii* 45. Orne, (J)opMyBaHHH uepKOBHOi opraHi3auii* b KniBCbKifi Pyci ne hiiijio uijihxom cJiinoro HacJii^ynaHHa iH03eMHHx 3pa3KiB, a BunjiHBajio 3 MicueBHx yMOB ccmiaJibHO-eKOHOMiqHoro i noJiiTHHHoro 6yrrH.B yMOBax AeueHTpajii3auiI KpaiHH, nocHjieHHH eKOHOMiqHoi Ta nojiiTHq- HOl MOryTHOCTi ÄaBHbOpyCbKHX KHH3iBCTB IIOMiTHilllHMH CT3B3JIH TeHAGH- uil ÄO p03Äpo6jieHHH uepKOBHOi BJiaÄH. XapaKTepHOK) B UbOMy BiAHOUIGHHi 6yjia uepKOBHo-nojiiTHHHa 6opoTb6a, any b 60-x poxax XII ct. po3ropHyB BOJiOAHMHpo-cy3Aa^bCbKHii KHH3b Arnipift BoroJiioöcbKHH. Hk noKa3aB M. M. BopomH, BorojiioßcbKHH 3kthbho (xafi i 6e3ycniuiHo) äo6hb3bch CTBopeHHH aBT0i<ecj)â bH0i MHTponojiii y BoJio/iHMHpi, ana 6 6e3nocepe,n- Hbo nizinopHÄKOByBajiacH KOHCTaHTHHonojibCbKOMy naTpiapxy46. IIIoäo BH3H3qCHHH KiHUCBOl M6TH Uiei ÓOpOTbÓH B3>KKO nOPOAHTHCH 3 M. M. Bo- pOHiHHM, HKHH TBepßHB, LUO BOHa ÓyJia 3aCOÖOM ÄOCHrHeHHH uepKOBHOi He3a.qe>KH0CTi He Bojio^HMHpa bU Kneßa, a JlaBHboi’ Pyci bU KoHcraH- THHonojiH. Ha Ham norjum, cnpoöa BJiaurryBaHHH y BojioaHMupi Ha K*iH3bMi aBTOKecJjajibHoi MHTpono.nii 6yjia 3aiftcHGHa AHApieM Borojnoö- CbKHM 3 MeTOK) IipOTHCTaBHTH Tl KHlBCbldfi, IIJO 3yMOBJIK)BaJIOCH IlOCHJieH- hhm npoueciß (JjeoaajibHoi* po3Apo6;icHOCTi, noJiiTmiHoio AeMOHcrpaiijeio He3ajie>KHOCTi BoJioAHMHpo-Ćy3AajibCbKoro KHH3iBCTBa.CepeA enncKoncbKHx KacjieAp, mo icHyBajin b KniBCbKift Pyci, TiJibKH HOBropoÄCbKa Majia THTyji apxienncKonii. B cepeAHHi 60-x poKiß XII ct. 3a HOBropoÄCbKHM BjiaÄHKOK) 6yjio ocJ)im*HHo BH3H3HO npaßo Ha apxienw- CKOnCbKHH CaH — «IIOBGJICHO ÖbICTb BJiaAblUC apxnenHCKOnbCTBO MHTpono- jimoMb» 47. CTBopeHHH HOBropo^cbKoi apxienHCKonii 6yjio HacjiUKOM ajib- HHcy MicueBOi c|)eoÄajibHoi BepxißKH 3 ixepKOBHHMH iepapxaMH48 49. Flpoue^ypa nocTaBJieHHH ocTaHHix no36aBJiHJia M0>KjiHB0CTi KiiiBCbKoro MHTponcyiHTa BTpyqaTHCH b uepKOBHo-nojiiinqHe >khtth HoBropoACbKoI pecnyöJiiKH. 3aBAHKH ubOMy HOBropcucbKHii apxinacTHp qac b U nacy 6e3nocepeÄHbo niATpHMyßaB koht3kth 3 KOHCTaHTHHonojibCbKHM naTpiap- xom. OcoöjiHBe CTaHOBHiue HOBropo^cbKiix iepapxiß y cucTeMi opram3a- iiifiiioi* cTpyKTypH pycbKoi npaßocjiaBHoI uepKBii BUncmiAajio pccnyöJiiivaH- cbKOMy ycTpoeßi (J)eo^ajibHoro HoBropo.ua.B Mipy 3MiuneHHH CTpyKTypH uepKOBHOi 0praHi3au.il, 11 po3pocTaHHH Brjinß i BUiHp BUßyBajiHCH 3MiHH b cucTeMi eKOHOMiqHoro 3a6e3neqeHHH uepKBH. HanpHKiHui XI ct. ixepKOBHe 3eMjieBOJio,aiHHH 3pocTaJio nepeßa>KHO
3 a paxyHOK KHH3iBCbKHx Ha^aHb. HanpHKJiaÄ, y cepeAHHi 80-x poniß XI ct. KHH3b flponojiK l3HCJiaBHq nepe^aß KneBo-rieqepcbKOMy MOHacTHpio «bck) >KH3Hb CBoio He6e^bci<yio BOJiocTb H ZlepeBbCKyio h JlyqbCKyio h okojio Kneßa» *19. Romta uboro khh3h 3anoBi,aajia MOHacTHpeßi qHMaJii KOIIITH, a T3KO/K Il’HTb cijl «H C qeJIH^bK)». BOHa BHeCJia JXO MOHaCTHpCbKOl CKapÖHHui 50 rpHBeub 30ji0Ta, a nicjia cMepTi cßoro qoJioßiKa Tjiiöa Bce- cjiaBHqa — me 100 rpHBeiib cpiójia i 50 rpHBeHb 30.aoTa50 *. B Ä>i<epejiax HaBO/jHTbca npiiKJiaÄH «ö.iaro^iHHb» ft iHumx (^eo^a^iß. XapaKTepHHM moÄO uboro e JiiTonHCHc noßi^oM.ieHHH 1158 p., b flKOMy po3noßi^aeTbCH
14 T a u t a e b H. M. UepnoBb 11 t))eoAa îi3 M Ha Pycn.— C. 25.
45 UJ, a n o b fl. H. K iiCTOpnii cooTHOiuennn CBeTCKOii u nepKOBHon lopuc îiKiuiH na
Pycn b XII—XIII bb. // no.ibiua h Pycb.—M., 1974.—C. 174—175.
46 B o p o h h h H. H. AnÄpeii Boro.noöcKiiri 11 Jlyna XpH30Bepr: (H3 hctophh pyc- CKO-BI!3aHTIlflCKHX OTHOUieHHH XII B.) // B»I3aiIT. BpCMeilllHK, 1962.— T. X X I .— C . 29—50.47 H i m — C. 32.
48 X o p o ui e b A. C. UepKOBb b couHa^bHo-no.iHTHMecKou cucTeMe HoßropOÄCKOft (J)eoÄa^bHOH pecnyÓ^HKH.— M ., 1980.— C. 36.
49 nCPJl.— T. 2.— C tbit. 492. LUonpaß^a, uio ^aiy He MO>Kiia BBa>KaTH 6 e3 cyMHiB-hok), ocKiJibKii po3noßi,ib npo Aap flpono.iwa BMimena y jiiTonwci niA 1159 p., to6 to BiA- AajieHa bU 3o6pa>KyBaHiix noAifl ciMOMa accjithaItthmh.so n C P JI .—T. 2.—C tbu. 492—493.
npo no>KepTBH pocTOBO-cy3AajibCbi<oro khh3h AHApin EorojnoöcbKoro Ha KOpHCTb UepKBH BoropOAHUi V BoJIOÄHMHpi Ha K*lH3bMi: «3aJ10>KH AHApen KH«3b b Bo.noAHMepH uepKOBb KaMeny cbhtvio BoropoÄHUio..., h ß,a en MHoro HMeHbfl h cBOÖojibi Kyn.neHbin, h 3 jiaHbMH, h cejia jieniuaa» 5l.
Ro uepKOBHHx BOJiOÄiHb bxoahjih He TijibKH oKpeMi MaeTKH hh ce.na, a HaßiTb MicTa. Tan, KHiBCbKiii uepKBi BoropoAHui (jlecHTHHHiö) Ha;ie>Ka.no MicTo no^oHHe Ha Bojihhi*. y .niTonHCHin cTarri 1172 p., 30KpeMa, cKa3aHo: «H exauja (no.noBui.—B. P.) 3a Khcb BoeBaTb h npnexama k I~Io.noHOMy k cbhtoh BoropoAHiie rpaAy k JlecHTHHbHOMy 11 k CeMbiio 11 B3Huia ee.na 6e3 yHbTa c aioamh, c My>KH h c >KeH3MH, KOHe h cKOTbi h oBbue norHama b riojioBbue» 52. y BovioAHMHpo-Cy3AajibCbKiH 3eM.ii KijibKa MicT HaJie>Ka.iH BojioAHMHpcbKOMy ycneHcbKOMy coóopy. Bohh 3raAyBaJincH y jiiTonncmn CTarri niA 1176 p., npHCBflneHifi kohcJjjuktv i<HH3iß McTHCJiaßa h flpono.nKa PoCTHCJiaBHMiB 3 MicueBHM AyXOBCHCTBOM. PoCTHCJiaBHMi, 3a3HaqaB JliTO- nnceub, «cBHToe BoropwAnun Bo.noAHMepbCKoe 3oaoto h cpeöpo B3HCTa..., KAione no/iaTHHH uepKOBHbie oTbacTa h eopodbi en (BHAiJieHo HaMH.—B. P.)
II A3HHt 9TO >KC ÖHUJeTb Aa.l IiepKBH TOH Ö.’ia>KeHbIH KHH3b A hapcii» 53. HaHBHiCTb T3KHX Ml'CT CBl'AHHJia npo 3M iUHGHHH eKOHOMilIHOl Ta nOJliTHHHOi* BarH uepKBH y CTpyKTypi naHiBHoro KJiacy AaBHbopycbKoro cycnijibcTBa. riOAiÖHHH BHA (JieOAaAbHOrO BOJIOAIHHH CJliA KB3JIi(})iKyBaTIl OMeBHAHO, HK IipOMi>KHHH Mi>K KOpMJliHHHM i BOTHHHOK) 54. UepKBa 3AiHCHIOB3Jia aAMini- CTpaTHBHe ynpaBAiHHH micTaMh, npoBOAiuia caMocTiHHy eKOHOMiimy ;ii-
HJibHicTb (onoAaTKyßaHHH HacejieHHH i t. n.), oAHai< BepxoBiia no.niTHHHa BJiaAa 3ocepeA>KyBafciacb y pynax Aep>KaBH.JIk i cßiTCbKi (J)eoA3An, uepKBa npii.MHo/KyBa^a cboY 3eMe.nbHi bo.i o - AiHiiH ui.nnxoM KyniBJii Ta eKcnponpiauil oöluhhhhx 3CMe.nb. 3po3yMi.no, CBiAHeHHH npo HaciiJibHHUbKe 3arap6aHHH oöluhhhhx BOJioAiHb ne nacTo noTpanjinjin Ha cTopiHKH jiiTonwcHnx tckctib . B vhbi Tx cKJiaAaqiß uep- KOBHi BOJioAiHHfl— ue öaraTCTBO «3jihach hh x». UepKBa bclih ko Aoxiara.ia- ch , mo6 oöluhhiihkh nepeAaßajin I h npaßo BJiacHocri Ha 3eMe;ibHi AiJiHHKii, a 3aMicTb uboro 3aöe3neqyBajia Im oAßiqHe KopHCTyBaHHH ocTaHHiMH55. Tax c(J)epa Ail uepKOBHoi* lopncAHKuil oxon.niOBa.na (J)eoAaJibHO 3ajie>KHe Hace- JieHHH. Rjlfi POÖOTH Ha uepKOBHHx 3CMJIHX AyXOBCHCTBO 3ajiyna.no neBHe kojio JiiOAeii, no36aB.neHiix 3aco6iß BHpoömiUTBa: Tan 3BaHHx npomeHHiiKiB, npHKJiaAHHKiß, 3aAyuiHHx JiioAefi Ta iH. 56. Ix Micue cepeA ei<cnjiyaTOBaHoro HacejieiiHH JJaBHboI Pyci BiAnoBiAa.no cTaHOBiimy xojioniß.Ba>K^HBHM A>Kepe.noM MaTepiajibHoro 3a6e3neiicHHH uepKBH, II 3Öara- mchhh y X II — nepiuin TpeTimi X III ct. 6v.nn noöopn, iuo CTHryBa.nncH
3 HaceAeHHH. CepeA hobmhhoctch, HanpHK.iaA, 3a cbIahchhbm HOBropoA- cbKoro ycTaßa CßHToeJiaBa O.TbroBiiqa, BiAoxii oAHopa30ßi no>KepTBH emicKony («Aap»), a Tai\o>K rpoinoßi bhcckh, luo enAaqyBajiHCH Ha yTpii- MaHim enncKona Ta noro c.nyr niA liac o6’i3Ay hum cboix bojiOAiHb («b noe3Ae ot Bcee 3eMJin»57). 3BHiiafiHo, uhm He oÖMe/KVBajincH njiaTOKi Ta irnui noöopn, mo cTHryßa.na Kopnopauin uepKOBHHx (JieoAaAiß. Hace.ieH- hh KulBCbKoI Pyci 3a3HaBa.no HcnoMipHHx cTpa/KAam, bi‘a BH3iicKy Ta ckc- nJiyaTauil 3 6okv AyxoßeHCTBa. Tan, po3noßiAaiOMH npo pocTOBCbKoro ennc-S! flCPJl — T.l.— Cmn. 348; Jleioniiceu Ilepeflc.iaB.iH Cy3Aa.ibCKoro, codaB.ieH*
iiwii b na'ia.ie XIII Bei<a (mokav 1214 11 1219 toaob).— M., 1981.— C. 75.r'2 n C P Jl.— T. I.— C tbii. 358; T. 2.— Cmn. 559.53 Taw >i<e.—T. 1.-—C t b ii. 375; T. 2.—C t b ii. 589—599.
54 C b e p a .i o b M. B. reHC3nc 11 CTpvKTvpa (jjeoAaAbiioro oömecTBa b ZlpeBiieii Pvch.— JI.. 1983 — C. 120.55 iliiB.: E 11 re Abc O. rioxoA/KemiH ciM’I, npiiBaTno? BAacnocTi i Aep>KaBn: W 3B’H3Ky 3 Aoc.iiA>KCHMBMM JlbioTca T. Moprana // M a p k c K., E n r e . i b c O. Tßopii. — T. 21.— C. 144.
50 3 11 m 11 ii A. A. XoAonbi na Pycii; (c ApeBiieimuix BpcMeii ao KOima X\’ b .) .— M., 1973.— C. 243; HL a n o b 1̂. H. IiepnoBb b ciicTe\ie rocvAapcTBeimoii babcth ZlpeB- neu Pycii.— C. 345—347.57 n aMHTiiiiKii pyccKoro npaBa X II—X\f bb.— M.f 1953.— Bbin. 2.— C. 117—118; H e p e n n n i i JI. B. OopMiipoBaime KpecTbHHCTBa na Pycii // HcTopua KpecTbHiicTBa b Eßpone: 3noxa (J)eoAaAH3.vta.— M., 1985.— T. 1.— C. 339.
nona OeAopa, jiiTormceub 3a3Haqaß, mo «MHoro 60 nocTpauauia hcaobcuh
ot Hero, b AepwaHHH ero, h ceji H3He6biBiiiH h opy>KbH u KOHb, Apy3HH >Ke
paöoTbi Aoöbiuia, 3aTOHeHb« >Ke u rpaöjieHba» 58.
CaHOBHHKH uepKBH HaMarajinca niÄKopHTH HKOMora óLibiuy KiVibKicTb
He3a;ie>KHoro paHiiue HacejieHHH. 3 k 3a3HanaB O. EHrejibc, «bohh He TiJibKH
eKcnjiyaTyßajiH cboix niAJieMHx TaK caMo HemaAHo, hk abophhctbo i
KHH3i, ajie ÄiHJiii me 6e3CopoMHiuie. flAH Toro mo6 BiipBam y niAAaHHx
ocTaHHK) KoniHKy a6o 36ijibuiHTH nacTHHy cna^mHHH, BinmicyBaHy uepKßi,
b>khb3AHCH nopflA 3 rpyÖHM HacHJibcTBOM Bei xmpomi pe/iirii, nopflA3CTpa-
xiTTHMH KaTyBaHHH Bei CTpaxiTT« aHac})eMH i BiAMOBii y BiünymeHHi rpi-
xiß, Bei iHTpiirH cnoBiAajibHi. nUpoÖKa AOKyMeHTiß 6yjia y uhx aoctohhhx
My>Kiß 3BHM3HHHM i yjHOÖJieHHM LIiaxpaHCbKHM npHHOMOM. flpOTe, xoq KpiM
3BHM3HHHX (J)eOAaJlbHHX FIOBHHHOCTeH i OÖpOKiß BOHH 3ÖHpa.lH T3KO>K i
AecHTHHy, Bcix uhx AoxoAiß 6 y j \ o me He AocHTb. LU,o6 3AepTH 3 HapoAy me
6iJibuie KOLUTiB, bohh KopncTVBajiHcn— i aobhih qac Ay>Ke ycniiHHo—bh-
roTOBJieHHHM qyAOTBopHHx iKOH i Momefi, B.iaiUTyßaHHHM ÖJiaroqecTHBHx
najioMhhutb, ToprißJieio iHAyAbreHuiHMH» 59.
B pynax uepKBH i AyxoBeHCTBa KOHueHTpyBaAHca BeAHqe3Hi MaTepi-
ajibiii uiHHocTi. ftpo ue cßiAliaTb öaraTiomi cnapóii, BHHBjieHi y cxoBHmax
AaBHbopyCbKHX XpaMiB, Ha MOHaCTHpCbKHX Ta UepKOBHHX caAHÖax60.
3oKpeMa, po3Mip öaraTCTB AyxoBeHCTBa Aae Mo>KAHBicTb vhbhth BMime-
hhh y jiiTonucmfi cTani 1228 p. naHeripHK pocTOBCbKOMy enncKony Kh-
pnjiy: «BnmeT 6o Khphjiji öaraT 3ejio KyHaMii n ce:ibi n bccm TOBapoM h
KHHra.MH... Tai< 6e 6oraT Bcevi, Tai< hh cahh enncKon 6hb b Cy/KAaJibCTen
OÓJiaCTH»61. Ha Bi AM 1HV Bl'A 3eMeAbHHX BOAOAiHb CBlTCbK HX (J)eOAâ iß
uepKOBHe 3eMAeBOAOAiHHH ne AiJiHAocfl mi>K cnaAKoeMUHMH i He BiAliy>KyBa-
jioch. HaAi.ieHa uiHpoKHMh npaßaMH i mVibraMH pycbKa npaBoc.iaBHa
uepKBa HeßiiiiHHo 36araqyßajiac5i. Ii* eKOiioMiqua MoryTHicTb ctohobh. la
OCHOBy 11 BCJ1HK01 BaTH V ÜOAiTHMHOMy >KHTTi KpaiHH *, (j)OpM\TBaHHi cJ)eo-
AajibHoi 3a cBoeio cyTTio iAeoAorii AaBHbopycbKoro cycriMbciBa.
Tai<HM mhhom, (JjopMyBaHHH uepKOBHoi opraHi3auii y KniBCbKin Pyci
öyjio oö’eKTHBHo ayMOBJieHo BciM xoaom couiajibHo-eKOHOMiMHoro Ta nojii-
THHHOrO P03BHTKV. He3a6apOM niCAH nporOAOLLieHHH XpiICTHHHCTBa ;U*p-
/KaBiioio pejiirieio Pyci b Kneßi 6yjia B/iaiuTOBaHa MiiTponoJiin, «Ka
niAnopHAKOByBa.iacH 6c3noccpeAHbo KOHCTaHTimonojibCbKifi naTpiapxii. Ha-
npHKinui X — b XI ct. pycbKa npasocAaBHa uepKBa iciiyBa.ia Ha KomTii,
mo HaAXOAHJIH UJJIflXOM BiApaxyB3HHH ACCHTOl HaCTHHH 3 KHH3ißCbKHX
npnóyTKiB — AaHHHH, cyAy i MiiTa, a noTiM BiA KHH3iBCbKOi peiiTH. Ue 6yB
nepioA npucTOcyßaHHH ucpkobhoT opraHi3auii’ ao MicueBiix yMOB. ToAi
b KpaiHi icnyßaAa eAHHa 3ara;ibHOAep>KaBHa MUTponoAi« 3 HcöaraTbMa
eriHCKoncTBaM 11, mo BiAnoßiAajio cah HOAep/KaBHin (})opMi n p a ba i h h h paH-
HbocepcAiibOBimioi Pyci. 3 vtbcpA>Kenhhm noAiucHTpuqHoi (J)op\iii Aep>KaB-
Hoi' BAaAii iianpiiKinui X I—XII ct. eBo/nouionyBa/ia i opraHi3auiHHa CTpyi<-
Typa uepKBH. Bona b ocHOBHOMy AyÖAioßa^a TcpiiTopiaJibHO-aAMiHicTpa-
THBiiiiH ycTpifi üaBHbopycbKoT aepnoBH cnoxH cj)coAakibHoi’ po3Apo6jieHocTi.
CTOJIbHi rpaAH 3CMCvflb-KHH3iBCTB, mo BiAOKpeMAlOBa/IHCH, Öy.T II BOAHOqae
uepKOBHMMii ueiiTpaMii. Micueßi enncKonn, cnnpaiomicb Ha ao6pe Ha,narou-
>kehhh anapaT ynpabjiihhh, KOHTpoAiOBa;m pc:iiriHHe >kiitth y iiiABAaAHHx
•8 n C P JL — T. 1.— Cmn. 355—356.58 E 11 r e .1 b c O. C lmhiiclkh ni ima b HiMci'imii // M a p k c K., Ei i r e. i i »c O.
Toopn.— T. 7.— C. 334—335.
00 Ko p 3 y.\ ii 11 a T. O. PyecKiie K.ia^u IX—XIII b b .— M ; JI., 1954.— C. 92,
105—126, 138; K o t .i h p M. O. Tpouioniii'i oöir na Tepinopii ynpaimi 3 a ao6m (J)e-
OAa.ni3My.— K., 1971 — C. 53. 60, 62.61 nCP/I.—T. 1. — Cmn. 452. ü iib . takn>k noc-iannn Bo.io^iiMiipo-cyJbiajibcbKoro tnii- CKona ao «leiiiiH IlewepcbKoro .\ionacTnp« y Knem' floaiKapna: «Ko.iiiko iiMeeia rpaaoB 11 ce.n, 11 aecHrmiy cbOnpaioTb no Been 3eM.n1 toii, ii Te\i Been B.iaaeeT iiauia xyaocTb» (KHeBO-rie'iepcbKiifi riaTepiiK.— C. 103).
* ^eTa.ibiiiwe npo aKTHBuy ynacTb nepKOBHHx iepapxiß y noaiTHMiioMy >KiiTTi Kn-
iBCbKoT Pyci aim.: T o .i o h k o n. IT. UpeBHHH Pycb: OnepKii couHajibHO-nojimnnecKon
iicTopnn.— C. 196—201.
ynp. icT. OKiypn., 1987, 6 105
IM OÖJiaCTHX, BCiJIHKO ni/XTpHMyK)llH TaM BJia/iy KHH31B T a 6onp. UepKBa crania noBHonpaBHHM i npHBiJiefioBaHHM qjienoM uaBHbopycbKoro (|)eouajib- Horo cycniJibCTBa. 3axniuaioqH HacaMnepeu BJiacHi iHTepecH, uepKBa jxo- noMarajia CBiTCbKHM (J)eoAajiaM TpHMaTH y nonopi Hapouni Macw. nuvrpn- Myioqn neBHi (jjeouajibHi Koajiiuii y ueHTpi Ta na Micunx, uepKBa neBHoio Mipoio ypiBHOBaÄVBajia öopoTbßy BiuueHTpoBnx i aouchtpobhx nojiiraq- hhx cHJi y Kpai*Hi.
EKOHOMIMHE CniBPOBITHMUTBO CPCP
TA APABCbKMX KPATH COLUAJIICTPWHOT OPI6HTAUITB. c. n J1 A H M H A A (K M T b)Ou HIIM 3 TOJIOBHHX HanpHMiB 3 0 BHilUHb0 l nOJliTHKH PaUHHCbKOrO Coi03y ft KnPC e po3BHTOK piBHonpaBHHx bU hochh 3 uepataBaMH a(J)po-a3iaT- cbKoro perioHy, HKi, 3aBoiOBaBiiiH nojiiTHquy He3a;ie>KHicTb, «...BeuyTb Ba>KKy 6opoTb6y 3a nouojiaHHH BiÄCTajiodi, ßiuHOcri, qacoM >KaxjiHBHx
3J\ujx\\iB — Bciei' th>kkoi cnauiUHHH paócbKoro MHHyjioro» *. Cepeu UHX KpaiH 3IiaiIHHM CKOHOMiHHIIM lIOTCUiaJIOM Ta 3KTHBHOK) 30BHilUHbOnOJliTHM- hoio uiH îbHicTio Biu3HaiiaiOTbCH apaócbid KpaiHH. 3 6e3npaBHHx oö’eKTiß iMnepia.iicTHMHoi’ nojimiKii b MiiHyjioMy bohh bhhuijih Ha uijihx caMOCTift- Horo p03BHTKy.Hama napTin nocjiiuoBHo npoBOUHTb Kypc Ha po3innpeHHH upy>KHix 3Błfl3KiB 3 Uep>KaBaMH, LUO BH3BOJIHJIHCH, 3 rjIHÖOKOIO CHMIiaTieiO BiUHOCHTb- ch jxo nparHeHb HapouiB, HKi ni3HaJiH Ha co6i TH>KKe, npHHH3JiHBe npMO KOJionia^bHoro paßcTBa. «Cboi bU hochhh 3 uhmh KpaiHaMH,— 3a3HaqeH0 b HOBin peuaKuii* IlporpaMH KPIPC, — PauHHCbKHfi C0103 6yuye Ha ocHOBi CTpororo noBaxtaHHH IxHboi He3ajie>KHOCTi i piBHonpaBHocTi, niuTpHMye 6opOTb6y uhx KpaiH npoTH HeoKOJiOHiajiicTCbKoI iiojuthkh iMnepiajii3- My, npoTH 3aJiHmKiß K0Ji0Hiajii3My, 3a MHp i 3arajibny 6e3neKy» 2.KoHCTpyKTHBHHH P03BHT0K paÄHHCbKO-apaÖCbKHX bU hOCHH nOlI3BCH nicjiH uocHTHeHHH KpaiHaMH uboro perioHy nojiiTHHHoi He3ajie>KH0CTi. FIpoTe 6yjio 6 noMHjiKOK) po3rjinuaTH ui 3b*H3kh 6e3 Ha;ie>KHoro BHBqeHHH ixiiboi* icTopii, uocßiuy cniBpoóiTHHUTBa Mi>K hhmh, noqaTOK HKOMy noKJiajia Bejw- i<a >KoBTHeBa couiajiicTuqua peBOJiiouin. PauHHCbKHfi ypnu bh3H3b npaBO- MipnicTb Ta cnpaBeu^HBicTb öopoTbön napouiß MycyjibMancbKoro Cxouy i onyßjiiKyBaB cexpeTHi yroun uapcbKOi Pocii' 3 AmviieK) Ta Opanuieio npo po3noui î Cipii\ TlajiecTHHH, Ipany ft JliBaHy, mo uajio 3\iory apaöaM ui3H3THCH npo 3arap6HHUbi<i HaMipn iMnepia.iicTiB.ni3Hime C P C P He pa3 BHCTynaB Ha 3axncT apaöcbiaix napouiß b\jx iMnepiajiicTiiqHHx xH>KaidB, HKi iuopa3 3a3ixajin na 3eMJii, öaraTi Hacjmuo Ta iHUJHMH KOpHCHHMH KOIiaJlHIiaMH, 6y»TH 3H3qHHMH pHHK3MH UJIH 30yTy TOBapiB. ToMy He uhbho, iuo KepiBHHKH Kpai*H BjiH3bKoro Cxouy nparHy.iH uo niuTpHMKii 3B H3Kiß 3 nepiuoio b cBiTi KpaiHoio couiajii3My. Bonn ;io6pe po3y\iiJiH, iuo Mo>Ke uaTH ujih BHpiuieHHH YxHix qncJieHHX couiajibHO-eKO- HOMiqHHx npo6.ieM uonoMora PauHHCbKoro Coio3y, HKa lu'jikom i noBHicTio rpyiiTyeTbCH na B3aeM0BiiriuH0My cniBpoóiTHimTBi ft cnpHMOBaHa Ha ctbo- peHHH H3Jie>KHHX yMOB UJIH npiiCKOpeHHH p03BHTI<y KpaiH A311 T3 A(j)pHKH.Haft6i:ibm TicHi rocnouapcbKi 3b’h3Kh, HKi BHpooin y Bceöique KOMn- ;ieKCiie cnißpoöiTHHUTBo, C P C P Mae 3 apaöcbKHMH KpaiHaMH couia^icTHq- hoT opieHTauii — nepe^oBHM 3aroHOM cyqacHoro HauioHajibiio-BH3BOJibHoro pyxy Ha ApaöcbKOMy Cxoui. BjiacHHMH 3yciuiJiHMH ui uep>KaBH CTBopioiOTb HeoßxiuHy MaTepiajibHO-TexHiqHy 6a3y noóyuoBH HOBoro cycniJibCTBa,
1 Maiepia.iif XXVII 3’i3Ay KoMymcTHHHoI napTi! PaAHHCbKoro Coi03y.— K., 1986.—
C. 9.
2 TaM >Ke.— C. 207.
106 ynp. icT. oicypn., 1987, M 0
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-214080 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0130-5247 |
| language | Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-03-20T04:03:29Z |
| publishDate | 1987 |
| publisher | Інститут історії України НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Ричка,В.М. 2026-02-19T11:08:27Z 1987 Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі / В.М. Ричка // Український історичний журнал. — 1987. — № 8. — С. 95-106. — Бібліогр.: 61 назв. — укр. 0130-5247 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/214080 uk Інститут історії України НАН України Український історичний журнал Повідомлення Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі О феодальном устройстве церкви в Киевской Руси Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі Ричка,В.М. Повідомлення |
| title | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі |
| title_alt | О феодальном устройстве церкви в Киевской Руси |
| title_full | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі |
| title_fullStr | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі |
| title_full_unstemmed | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі |
| title_short | Про феодальний устрій церкви в Київській Русі |
| title_sort | про феодальний устрій церкви в київській русі |
| topic | Повідомлення |
| topic_facet | Повідомлення |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/214080 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ričkavm profeodalʹniiustríicerkvivkiívsʹkíirusí AT ričkavm ofeodalʹnomustroistvecerkvivkievskoirusi |