Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite

Conditions for regular domain structure formation in a single-crystal barium hexaferrite plate have been studied experimentally. The purpose of the work was to develop a simple and, at the same time, effective method of regularizing the cylindrical domain structure in these plates. The cylindrical d...

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Veröffentlicht in:Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics
Datum:2018
Hauptverfasser: Nikytenko, A.L., Kostenko, V.I., Grygoruk, V.I., Romaniuk, V.F.
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Veröffentlicht: Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України 2018
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Zitieren:Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite / A.L. Nikytenko, V.I. Kostenko, V.I. Grygoruk, V.F. Romaniuk // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2018. — Т. 21, № 4. — С. 402-406. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ.

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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author Nikytenko, A.L.
Kostenko, V.I.
Grygoruk, V.I.
Romaniuk, V.F.
author_facet Nikytenko, A.L.
Kostenko, V.I.
Grygoruk, V.I.
Romaniuk, V.F.
citation_txt Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite / A.L. Nikytenko, V.I. Kostenko, V.I. Grygoruk, V.F. Romaniuk // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2018. — Т. 21, № 4. — С. 402-406. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ.
collection DSpace DC
container_title Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics
description Conditions for regular domain structure formation in a single-crystal barium hexaferrite plate have been studied experimentally. The purpose of the work was to develop a simple and, at the same time, effective method of regularizing the cylindrical domain structure in these plates. The cylindrical domain structure was created by the field method, and its visualization was carried out using the Faraday effect. Radiophysical method of microwave spectroscopy was used to study characteristics of the spectra of magnetostatic oscillations, which are uniquely related to the type and quality of the formed domain structure. The method of cylindrical domain structure regularization in single-crystal barium hexaferrite has been proposed, which is based on applying a constant fixed magnetic field along the easy magnetization axis. It has been ascertained that the optimal value of the regularization field lies within the range 3.3...3.6 kOe. However, with the fields exceeding 3.6 kOe, the cylindrical domain structure is significantly distorted. It was found that the proposed method allows increasing the intensity of the highest-frequency domain magnetostatic resonance by more than 4.5 dB.
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fulltext ISSN 1560-8034, 1605-6582 (On-line), SPQEO, 2018. V. 21, N 4. P. 402-406. © 2018, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 402 Hetero- and low-dimensional structures Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite A.L. Nikytenko, V.I. Kostenko, V.I. Grygoruk, V.F. Romaniuk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64, Volodymyrska Str., 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine E-mail: art.nikitenko@gmail.com Abstract. Conditions for regular domain structure formation in a single-crystal barium hexaferrite plate have been studied experimentally. The purpose of the work was to develop a simple and, at the same time, an effective method of regularizing the cylindrical domain structure in these plates. The cylindrical domain structure was created by the field method, and its visualization was carried out using the Faraday effect. Radiophysical method of microwave spectroscopy was used to study characteristics of the spectra of magnetostatic oscillations, which are uniquely related to the type and quality of the formed domain structure. The method of cylindrical domain structure regularization in single-crystal barium hexaferrite has been proposed, which is based on applying a constant fixed magnetic field along the easy magnetization axis. It has been ascertained that the optimal value of regularization field lies within the range 3.3...3.6 kOe. However, with the fields exceeding 3.6 kOe, the cylindrical domain structure is significantly distorted. It was found out that the proposed method allows increasing the intensity of the most high-frequency domain magnetostatic resonance by more than 4.5 dB. Keywords: barium hexaferrite, domain structure, single-crystal, magnetostatic oscillations. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo21.04.402 PACS 75.60.–d, 76.50.+g Manuscript received 16.10.18; revised version received 09.11.18; accepted for publication 29.11.18; published online 03.12.18. 1. Introduction Ferrites are a known class of magnetic materials, which can be separated by three main groups: garnet, spinel, and hexagonal ferrites. M-type hexaferrites (MFe12O19, where M = Ba, Sr or Pb) have considerably higher value of crystallographic anisotropy field Ha than garnets or spinels, which allows to excite ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in millimeter (mm) range, even in the absence of external magnetic fields H0 [1]. Such outstanding physical and chemical properties of barium M-type hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) as comparatively large values of Ha, saturation magnetization Ms and Curie temperature, along with corrosion resistance, excellent chemical stability and low cost, make this material promising for many applications including high-frequency radiation absorbers, functional elements of the mm-range, high-capacity information recording, sensors and various military devices [2, 3]. Being based on BaFe12O19, tunable resonators [4, 5], insulators and radio absorbing coatings [6] have already been developed. It is known [7] that the temporal application of magnetic field H0 directed at a certain angle φ to the plane of the BaFe12O19 platelet determines the resulting type of domain structure (DS), which remains stable in the absence of this field. At the same time, as shown in [8], the type of formed DS is uniquely associated with characteristics of the spectrum of magnetostatic oscillations (MSO) in hexaferrite platelets. Thus, the study of the MSO spectra for DS generated by magnetization reversal of hexaferrite samples by the field H0 of up to 22 kOe, in the range of angles 0° ≤ φ ≤ 90°, showed that φ = 2° and 2°30' correspond to the most regular cylindrical DS (CDS), provided that an easy magnetization axis (EMA) is directed along the normal to the plane of platelets. In this case, the magnetostatic resonance that corresponds to the type of DS is characterized by the highest intensity and the minimum bandwidth [8]. It is these two conditions that provide minimal losses in the propagation of magnetostatic waves in the BaFe12O19 platelets, as shown experimentally in [9]. Consequently, the issue of DS regularization becomes of particular relevance. In a series of experiments [10], it was found that φ ≈ 2°22' is the most optimal angle for creation of CDS. However, because of spontaneous nature of the DS nucleation process, it looks differently after each phase of magnetization reversal and is accompanied by the appearance of defects. Thus, CDS domains of different diameters arise, which is often accompanied by violation of the hexagonal configuration in such a manner that one domain is surrounded by 5...8 neighbors [11]. SPQEO, 2018. V. 21, N 4. P. 402-406. Nikytenko A.L., Kostenko V.I., Grygoruk V.I., Romaniuk V.F. Domain structure regularization in single-crystal ... 403 Fig. 1. Unregularized CDS in the hexaferrite platelet in the absence of field H0. 40 45 50 55 60 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 ω 3 ω 2 ω 1 S 1 1 , d B f, GHz Fig. 2. MSO spectra in BaFe12O19 platelet with sizes 2.3×4.9×0.04 mm and formed CDS in the initial state, measured in absence of magnetic field H0. The possibility of CDS regularization, that is, bringing it to such a state, which is determined only by the parameters of a particular sample, and not by random processes of domains origination, is demonstrated in the work [12]. A constant magnetic field H0 directed along EMA (H0 = (0.8...0.9)×Hs, where Hs is a saturation field) and a changeable modulating field Hmod = 100 Oe was additionally applied to BaFe12O19 platelet with already formed CDS. This work is aimed to development of CDS regularization method in BaFe12O19 platelets and comparison of visualized DS with the resulting MSO spectrum. 2. Method of CDS regularization and details of experimental researches The domain structure in BaFe12O19 platelet was created using the field method by applying the electromagnet and magnetic induction meter Ш1-8. The magnetic field H0 ≈ 21 kOe was directed at the angle φ = 2°22' to the surface of hexaferrite platelet, which corresponds to the optimal conditions for CDS formation. The investigated sample was a platelet of BaFe12O19 with the sizes 2.3×4.9 mm and thickness of the ferrite layer close to 40 µm; EMA is directed along the normal to the plane of platelet. To ensure mechanical strength, the ferrite was glued to a silica substrate of 100-µm thickness. DS visualization was carried out using a computerized infrared polarization microscope МИК-4, which is based on the Faraday effect that takes place in the conditions of passing infrared radiation through ferrite. The proposed method of CDS regularization is as follows. H0 of a value, which is less than the saturation one Hs (that is close to 4.6 kOe for the configuration under study), was directed along EMA of the hexaferrite platelet with an already formed CDS. The increase of applied field occurred gradually to a certain fixed value Hreg – field of regularization, after which it again decreased to zero; several similar cycles were repeated. The increase in the value of this field results in a decrease of the domain sizes, since magnetization of domains occur in the opposite direction to this field. It leads to a gradual “wiping” of domains that are abnormally small. As a result, domains are located in the most advantageous energy position, and the hexagonal configuration is improved. The experiment was to find such a value of the Hreg field, which corresponds to the most effective CDS regularization. Along with the visual observation, the quality of the received CDS was also controlled by the method of ultrahigh-frequency (microwave) spectroscopy using a scalar network analyzer Я2Р-67 and the generators P2-68 and P2-69. The frequency dependence of the reflection coefficient module S11 for BaFe12O19 samples was measured on the shorted end of the rectangular waveguide section. This dependence characterizes the spectrum of MSO that arise in a platelet of hexaferrite under the action of an alternating magnetic field H of an electromagnetic wave, which propagates in a waveguide section. 3. Results of the study and their discussion Fig. 1 shows visualized CDS in the hexaferrite sample under investigation in the initial state in the absence of an external field H0. It is seen from this figure that there are inhomogeneities in CDS, the most typical of which is different diameters of cylindrical domains. The measured spectrum of MSO for CDS depicted in Fig. 1, in the absence of the field H0, is shown in Fig. 2. The low-frequency matrix MSO mode ω1 is observed in the samples of BaFe12O19 irrespectively of the formed DS type, but the high-frequency domain modes ω2 and ω3 uniquely characterize the type of DS [13]. After several cycles of magnetization by using the field Hreg = 3.4 kOe directed perpendicularly to the platelet surface, the previously created DS depicted in Fig. 1 is regularized. The resulting regularized DS is presented in Fig. 3. It is easy to see that the unevenness of the cylindrical domain diameters decreases significantly, at the same time, the number of defects in the hexagonal configuration decreases as well. SPQEO, 2018. V. 21, N 4. P. 402-406. Nikytenko A.L., Kostenko V.I., Grygoruk V.I., Romaniuk V.F. Domain structure regularization in single-crystal ... 404 Fig. 3. Regularized using the field Hreg = 3.4 kOe CDS in hexaferrite in the absence of field H0. 40 45 50 55 60 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 ω 3 ω 2 ω 1 S 1 1 , d B f, GHz Fig. 4. MSO spectra in BaFe12O19 platelet with sizes 2.3×4.9×0.04 mm and regularized CDS using the field Hreg = 3.4 kOe, measured in the absence of magnetic field H0. The resulting MSO spectrum in a platelet with regularized DS depicted in Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 4. Comparing the spectra for CDS in the initial state (Fig. 2) and the regularized one (Fig. 4), one can see that the frequencies of MSO modes remain unchanged. So, for a regularized CDS (Fig. 4) we have fω1 = 47.45 GHz, fω2 = 50.15 GHz and fω3 = 56.86 GHz. The full spectrum of MSO modes frequencies in a uniaxial plate of arbitrary thickness with CDS is determined by the system of characteristic equations [13]: 032 2 1 3 0 =+ω+ω+ω aaaa , (1) 054 2 3 3 2 4 1 5 0 =+ω+ω+ω+ω+ω bbbbbb . (2) The positive solutions of the system of equations (1) and (2) allows to obtain the frequencies of MSO modes ω1, ω2 and ω3, which for H0 = 0 in our case (Ha = 17 kOe, Ms = 375 G) are fω1 teor = 47.46 GHz, fω2 teor = 50.48 GHz and fω3 teor = 57.04 GHz. The insignificant difference between the experimental frequencies of these two high- frequency modes ω2 and ω3 with the calculations performed indicates well-formed DS, which, however, is not ideally cylindrical. As can be seen from Figs. 2 and 4, in the case of CDS regularization, there is redistribution of the intensities of the domain modes ω2 and ω3, and the intensity of the matrix mode ω1 increases. The intensity of the most high-frequency domain MSO mode ω3 increased from S11 = –6.13 dB down to –10.81 dB and became close to the intensity of the domain mode ω2, which is –8.86 dB, that is a sign of the CDS regularization. At the same time, the bandwidth of ω3 mode measured at 3 dB decreased from ∆f = 235.4 MHz down to 58.7 MHz. Consequently, the visual observation of the fact of DS regularization is confirmed by the spectral characteristics of the MSO modes. The result of measuring the MSO mode ω3 intensity at H0 = 0 after CDS regularization by using different values of Hreg fields is presented in Fig. 5. From the obtained experimental dependence, it is seen that, with an increase in the field of regularization up to 3.6 kOe, it is possible to increase the intensity of the mode ω3. 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 S 1 1 , d B H reg , kOe Fig. 5. Dependence of the most high-frequency domain MSO mode ω3 intensity on the magnitude of the regularization field measured in the absence of H0. Fig. 6. DS formed in the hexaferrite platelet after application of Hreg = 4 kOe in the absence of the field H0. SPQEO, 2018. V. 21, N 4. P. 402-406. Nikytenko A.L., Kostenko V.I., Grygoruk V.I., Romaniuk V.F. Domain structure regularization in single-crystal ... 405 With approximation of the regularization field to the value Hs, a gradual remagnetization of the hexaferrite plate at the angle φ = 90° occurs, which results in destruction of CDS and, consequently, in the decrease of the mode ω3 intensity (Fig. 5). Depicted in Fig. 6 visualized DS after applying the field of regularization Hreg = 4 kOe demonstrates the aforementioned considerations. The domain structure was significantly altered, adjacent cylindrical domains actually merged to form strips. As a result, the frequencies of the high- frequency modes have changed to fω2 = 51.24 GHz and fω3 = 55.57 GHz, and the intensity of ω3 mode decreased to S11 = –4.23 dB. 4. Conclusions The method of CDS regularization in a single-crystal barium hexaferrite using application of a constant magnetic field along EMA has been proposed. It has been shown that, in the fields of regularization within the limits Hreg = 3...3.6 kOe, it is possible to increase the intensity of the most high- frequency MSO mode ω3 not less than by ∆S11 ≈ 4.5 dB. The optimal regularization field is Hreg = 3.3...3.4 kOe. The critical field, after which CDS begins to turn into strips, is Hreg = 3.6 kOe. References 1. Ozgur U., Alivov Y., Morkoc H. Microwave Ferrites, Part 1: Fundamental properties. J. Mater. Sci.: Materials in Electronics. 2009. 20, No 9. P. 789–834. DOI: 10.1007/s10854-009-9923-2. 2. Asiri S., Guner S., Demir A., Yildiz A., Manikandan A., Baykal A. Synthesis and magnetic characterization of Cu substituted barium hexaferrites. Journal of Inorganic and Organo- metallic Polymers and Materials. 2018. 28, No 3. P. 1065–1071. DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0735-1. 3. Chen D., Chen Z., Wang G., Chen Y., Li Y., Liu Y. Effect of Al on the microstructure, magnetic and millimeter-wave properties of high oriented barium hexaferrite thin films. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2017. 444. P. 7–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.07.090. 4. Sorochak A.M., Kostenko V.I., Chamor T.G., Chevnyuk L.V. Pulse-switchable microwave resonator on a basis of monocrystal hexaferrite. Radioelectron. Commun. Syst. 2011. 54, No 8. P. 411–414. DOI: 10.3103/S0735272711080024. 5. Patent for useful model № 105503, Ukraine. CI H01P 1/217 (2006.1). Sorochak A.M., Kostenko V.I., Chevnyuk L.V., Nikytenko A.L. Millimeter wave tunable ferrite-dielectric resonator. № appl. u2015 08405, 27.08.2015. Publ. 25.03.2016, Bull. №6. 6. Vinnik D.A., Ustinov A.B., Zherebtsov D.A., Vitko V.V., Gudkova S.A., Zakharchuk I., Lahberanta E., Niewa R. Structural and millimeter-wave characterization of flux grown Al substituted barium hexaferrite single crystals. Ceramics Intern. 2015. 41, No 10. P. 12728–12733. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.06.105. 7. Kojima H., Goto K. Remanent domain structures of BaFe12O19. J. Appl. Phys. 1965. 36, No 2. P. 538– 543. 8. Sigal M.A. Resonance absorption of barium-ferrite single crystals in remanence state. Ukr. J. Phys. 1976. 21, No 4. P. 600–605 (in Russian). 9. Nikytenko A.L., Kostenko V.I., Chevnyuk L.V., Grygoruk V.I., Romaniuk V.F. Tunable bandpass transmission line based on uniaxial single-crystal hexaferrites in multidomain area. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. 2017. 9, No 2. P. 02010 (5 p.). DOI: 10.21272/jnep.9(2).02010. 10. Salata M.M., Kostenko V.I., Chevnyuk L.V., Sorochak A.M., Chamor T.G. Generation of domain structures in uniaxial hexaferrite. VII Int. Conf. “Electronics and applied physics”. Kyiv, Ukraine, Oct. 19–22, 2011. P. 45–46. 11. Gemperle R., Murtinova L., Kaczer J. On the magnetization curves of bubble lattices. Czech. J. Phys. 1987. 37, No 1. P. 64–73. 12. Chamor T.G. Electromagnetic-spin waves and oscillations in multilayered structures within the millimeter wave range. PhD thesis. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2006 (in Ukrainian). 13. Sigal M.A., Kostenko V.I. Magnetostatic modes in a thin uniaxial platelet with bubble lattice at normal magnetization. phys. status solidi (a). 1991. 128, No 1. P. 219–234. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2211280125. Authors and CV Artem Nikytenko, born in 1991. 2014–2017 PhD student at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radiophysics, Electronics and Computer Systems. Since 2017 – research engineer at the aforementioned faculty. Authored 7 publications and 1 patent, 7 works included to Scopus. The area of his scientific interests includes researches of magnetostatic oscillations in single- crystal barium hexaferrite with controlled domain structures. E-mail: art.nikitenko@gmail.com Victor Kostenko, born in 1949. PhD Phys. & Math. Sci. Deputy Director for research and international relations at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of High Technologies. Authored over 60 publications and 6 patents. The area of his scientific interests includes researches of millimeter wave frequency technique, radiospectroscopy of M-type hexaferrites, physics of magnetic phenomena. SPQEO, 2018. V. 21, N 4. P. 402-406. Nikytenko A.L., Kostenko V.I., Grygoruk V.I., Romaniuk V.F. Domain structure regularization in single-crystal ... 406 Valeriy Grygoruk, born in 1951. Doctor of sciences (Phys&Math). Professor at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radiophysics, Electronics and Computer Systems. Authored over 270 publications, 7 patents and 9 textbooks. The area of his scientific interests includes researches of optical radiation transformation in fiber optics and devices based on them, quantum radiophysics. Vladyslav Romaniuk, born in 1941. Research Officer at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Сryogenic Сomplex. Authored over 60 publications. The area of his scientific interests includes researches of spin-wave electronics, millimeter wave frequency spectroscopy of magnetostatic waves.
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institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
issn 1560-8034
language English
last_indexed 2026-03-23T18:47:23Z
publishDate 2018
publisher Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України
record_format dspace
spelling Nikytenko, A.L.
Kostenko, V.I.
Grygoruk, V.I.
Romaniuk, V.F.
2026-03-12T08:53:33Z
2018
Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite / A.L. Nikytenko, V.I. Kostenko, V.I. Grygoruk, V.F. Romaniuk // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2018. — Т. 21, № 4. — С. 402-406. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ.
1560-8034
PACS: 75.60.–d, 76.50.+g
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/215319
https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo21.04.402
Conditions for regular domain structure formation in a single-crystal barium hexaferrite plate have been studied experimentally. The purpose of the work was to develop a simple and, at the same time, effective method of regularizing the cylindrical domain structure in these plates. The cylindrical domain structure was created by the field method, and its visualization was carried out using the Faraday effect. Radiophysical method of microwave spectroscopy was used to study characteristics of the spectra of magnetostatic oscillations, which are uniquely related to the type and quality of the formed domain structure. The method of cylindrical domain structure regularization in single-crystal barium hexaferrite has been proposed, which is based on applying a constant fixed magnetic field along the easy magnetization axis. It has been ascertained that the optimal value of the regularization field lies within the range 3.3...3.6 kOe. However, with the fields exceeding 3.6 kOe, the cylindrical domain structure is significantly distorted. It was found that the proposed method allows increasing the intensity of the highest-frequency domain magnetostatic resonance by more than 4.5 dB.
en
Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України
Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics
Hetero- and low-dimensional structures
Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
Article
published earlier
spellingShingle Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
Nikytenko, A.L.
Kostenko, V.I.
Grygoruk, V.I.
Romaniuk, V.F.
Hetero- and low-dimensional structures
title Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
title_full Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
title_fullStr Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
title_full_unstemmed Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
title_short Domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
title_sort domain structure regularization in monocrystalline barium hexaferrite
topic Hetero- and low-dimensional structures
topic_facet Hetero- and low-dimensional structures
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/215319
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AT romaniukvf domainstructureregularizationinmonocrystallinebariumhexaferrite