Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts
Paper presents and discusses the investigated results of LV vacuum contactors with contacts made of selected condensed composite materials under both rated and short circuit conditions of operation. Представлено та обговорюються результати дослідження низьковольтних вакуумних контакторів із контакта...
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Інститут проблем матеріалознавства ім. І.М. Францевича НАН України
2010
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| Cite this: | Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts / B. Miedzinski, Z. Okraszewski, M. Grechanyuk, A. Kozlowski, A. Grodzinski // Электрические контакты и электроды. — К.: ИПМ НАН України, 2010. — С. 139-144. — Бібліогр.: 1 назв. — англ. |
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Miedzinski, B. Okraszewski, Z. Grechanyuk, M. Kozlowski, A. Grodzinski, A. 2011-11-25T15:46:00Z 2011-11-25T15:46:00Z 2010 Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts / B. Miedzinski, Z. Okraszewski, M. Grechanyuk, A. Kozlowski, A. Grodzinski // Электрические контакты и электроды. — К.: ИПМ НАН України, 2010. — С. 139-144. — Бібліогр.: 1 назв. — англ. XXXX-0085 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/28896 621.382.026 Paper presents and discusses the investigated results of LV vacuum contactors with contacts made of selected condensed composite materials under both rated and short circuit conditions of operation. Представлено та обговорюються результати дослідження низьковольтних вакуумних контакторів із контактами, виготовленими з вибраних конденсованих композитів за умов комутаційних випробувань при експлуатації нормальних та коротких ланцюгів. Представлены и обсуждаются результаты исследования низковольтных вакуумных контакторов с контактами, изготовленными из выбранных конденсированных композитов при коммутационных испытаниях в условиях работы нормальных и коротких цепей. en Інститут проблем матеріалознавства ім. І.М. Францевича НАН України Электрические контакты и электроды Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts Випробування низьковольтних вакуумних контактів з компонентами із мульткомпонентних контактів Испытания низковольтных вакуумных контакторов с композитами из мультикомпонентных контактов Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| title |
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts |
| spellingShingle |
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts Miedzinski, B. Okraszewski, Z. Grechanyuk, M. Kozlowski, A. Grodzinski, A. |
| title_short |
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts |
| title_full |
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts |
| title_fullStr |
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts |
| title_sort |
performance of lv vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts |
| author |
Miedzinski, B. Okraszewski, Z. Grechanyuk, M. Kozlowski, A. Grodzinski, A. |
| author_facet |
Miedzinski, B. Okraszewski, Z. Grechanyuk, M. Kozlowski, A. Grodzinski, A. |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Электрические контакты и электроды |
| publisher |
Інститут проблем матеріалознавства ім. І.М. Францевича НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Випробування низьковольтних вакуумних контактів з компонентами із мульткомпонентних контактів Испытания низковольтных вакуумных контакторов с композитами из мультикомпонентных контактов |
| description |
Paper presents and discusses the investigated results of LV vacuum contactors with contacts made of selected condensed composite materials under both rated and short circuit conditions of operation.
Представлено та обговорюються результати дослідження низьковольтних вакуумних контакторів із контактами, виготовленими з вибраних конденсованих композитів за умов комутаційних випробувань при експлуатації нормальних та коротких ланцюгів.
Представлены и обсуждаются результаты исследования низковольтных вакуумных контакторов с контактами, изготовленными из выбранных конденсированных композитов при коммутационных испытаниях в условиях работы нормальных и коротких цепей.
|
| issn |
XXXX-0085 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/28896 |
| citation_txt |
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed composite multicomponent contacts / B. Miedzinski, Z. Okraszewski, M. Grechanyuk, A. Kozlowski, A. Grodzinski // Электрические контакты и электроды. — К.: ИПМ НАН України, 2010. — С. 139-144. — Бібліогр.: 1 назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-26T12:21:01Z |
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2025-11-26T12:21:01Z |
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| fulltext |
UDK 621.382.026
Performance of LV vacuum contactors with condensed
composite multicomponent contacts
B. Miedzinski, Z. Okraszewski, M. Grechanyuk*, A. Kozlowski**,
A. Grodzinski***
Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
*S&P Enterprise ELTECHMASH, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
** R&D Centre EMAG, Katowice, Poland
*** Institute of Tele- and Radiotechnics, Warszawa, Poland
Paper presents and discusses the investigated results of LV vacuum contactors with
contacts made of selected condensed composite materials under both rated and short
circuit conditions of operation.
Keyword: LV-vacuum contactors, condensed composite, operation under rate and short
circuit.
Introduction
For vacuum chambers used in low voltage contactors the fine powder
sinters based on copper-tungsten-chromium compositions mostly are
recommended as a contact material. The fine powder metallurgy is
unfortunately a sophisticated and money consuming technology therefore,
seeking another alternative manufacturing of the contact materials is both
technically and economically justified. One of such a solution can be
application of an electron beam high-rate evaporation method with following
condensation in vacuum. It has been successfully used, among others, for
fabrication of various composite materials of considerable thickness up to about
12 mm in Scientific and Production Enterprise ELTECHMASH in Vinnitsa,
(Ukraine) [1].
In the paper performance of vacuum contactors (1000 V, 400 A, 50 Hz)
when use a selected condensed multicomponent material (Cu—W—Fe) in
contacts is presented and discussed. The investigations were carried out for both
rated as well as short circuit conditions of operation. After the switching test
was completed, the contact surface inspection together with investigations of
the material morphology and microanalysis were made using optical and
electronic microscopy and spectroscopy (SEM, XRF, EPMA etc). On the basis
of the investigated results the failure analysis of contacts for the failed vacuum
chambers was executed and conclusions on applicability of such the contact
composition material for vacuum contactors are formulated.
Contact sample selection
The new multicomponent composite material was intended for use in
vacuum chambers of MVK440 type (produced in Institute of Tele-and
Radiotechnics in Warszawa, Poland) for low voltage contactors applicable in
coal mining. Main goal was to decrease the chambers manufacturing cost since,
© B. Miedzinski, Z. Okraszewski, M. Grechanyuk, A. Kozlowski,
A. Grodzinski, 2010
139
T a b l e 1. Material composition (percentage by weight)
Number
of contact Cu W Fe Cr Co Si Al
11 75,3 23,4 0,59 0,034 0,016 0,33 0,13
14 61,9 36,7 0,62 0,042 0,024 0,3 0,15
18 44,4 54,2 0,6 0,049 — 0,47 —
Fig. 1. Partial separation of the contact sample
from the contact base under manufacturing.
the contacts made at present of a fine
powder technology contribute in about
30% of the final product (vacuum cham-
ber) prize. At the beginning 20 samples
were prepared for testing, each of them of 0,6 mm in thickness however, of a
different copper-tungsten composition with addition of another elements,
mostly iron. For preliminary investigations three of them (as indicated in
tabl. 1) were involved in manufacturing process. Unfortunately, it was appeared
that after soldering to the contact base ,they were failed under following
processing at high temperature (at 800 oC).It was revealed by partial separation
from the base due to involved thermal stress (fig. 1).Therefore, for the next step
the contact material thickness was increased to 5 mm. They passed the
manufacturing process successfully and were assembled as the contact sets into
three vacuum chambers for further certification test of the low voltage
contactors SP400 type.
Switching capacity test
The switching test was performed under both rated as well as short circuit
conditions of operation. Circuit diagram and view of the test stand is shown in
fig. 2. Electrical parameters of the test are listed in tabl. 2.
Under the test not only the voltage across the contact gap and the load
current value were measured. The frequency, power factor, source voltage-for
all phases of the 3-phase system-as well as driving current and displacement of
the contact moving system were controlled for better evaluation of the switch
performance. It was found that all the vacuum chambers passed the rated swit-
ching test. They were able to make (“C”) and to break (“O”) the rated current of
400 A rms successfully for one hour continuous operation independently on the
contact sample applied. Performance for the selected chamber when swiches
(“CO”) rated load in A-phase can be compared for example in fig. 3.
The vacuum chambers passed also the short circuit test at 4,5 kA however, only
at current breaking (“O”) what is indicated in fig. 4. (The load current was
delivered to the contact by means of an auxiliary switch-see fig. 2).
On the contrary under making and following breaking of the short circuit
current of 4,5 kA rms (“CO”) all the vacuum chambers failed in operation due
to contact welding. The tendency for the contact sticking with the increased
load current can be seen when compare the releasing time of the contact moving
140
T a b l e 2. Electrical parameters of the switching capacity test
Type of test Voltage,
V
Current,
kA
Frequency,
Hz Power factor
Number of
cycles per
hour
Rated” CO”
(close-open) 1000 0,4 50 0,35 120
Short-circuit
“O” (open)
1000 4,5 50 0,35 —
Short-circuit
“CO”
(close-open)
1000 4,5 50 0,35 —
Fig. 2. Circuit diagram and view of the switching test stand: S — supply; Ur1,Ur2 —
voltage meters; A — auxiliary switch; R1, X — resistive and inductive controllers;
F — high power fuse; RL — ground current limiter; D — contactor under test; I1 —
current meter; r — shunt; B — link for graduation.
system (x) with this of effective current breaking — in transient-visible in fig. 3
and fig. 4 respectively.
Contact failure analysis
After the switching tests were completed the chambers were dismantled to
make the contact surface inspection together with the structure and element
analysis both at the surface and inside the contact volume along cross section
just beneath contacting areas. View of the failed contacts after welding can be
compare from fig. 5. Surface analysis has indicated an unprofitable, nonuniform
distribution of particular elements, what is seen for example in fig. 6.
One can find areas of a high concentration of iron what is not considered as
a good for the contact material due to much lower melting point with compare
to tungsten or chromium. Also inside the volume both concentration as well as
size of metallic particles is different. In a case of the contacts being torn out
X(uwaga)
V
r
R1(uwaga)
Ur1
F
RL
S
A (uwaga)
B
D
I1
Ur2
T
141
Fig. 3. Performance of the selected vacuum chamber under rated load (1000 V.
400 A, 50 Hz “CO”) switching test: Uka — voltage across the contact; Ia — load
current; Ua — voltage of the source in A-phase; Id — contactor driving current; X —
displacement of the contact moving system.
Fig. 4. Performance of the selected vacuum chamber under short-circuit switching test
(1000 V; 4,5 kA,”O”): Ukb — voltage across the contact; Ib — load current; Ub —
voltage of the source in B-phase; Id — contactor driving current; X — displacement of
the contact moving system.
142
Fig. 5. View of the failed
contact surface after
welding.
from the contact base
under processing (see
fig. 1.) the size of tung-
sten particles was found
the highes at the surface
and inside the middle of
the contact volume. There is seen also a rapid transition from big to small size
of W particles. Both various microstructure and variety of chemical
composition of the contact samples made of investigated material indicates
some instabilities of technology under processing. It results in high thermal
stress leading to partial separation
of the contact material from the contact base (in a case of the thin samples)
or/and to excessive contacts areas being melted (in a case of concentrated iron)
what gives fast contact welding, particularly under short circuit switching
conditions.
Conclusions
Application of a multicomponent, condensed, composite material on the
basis of copper with addition of tungsten and iron can replace successfully fine
powder sinters in vacuum chambers of low voltage contactors only for
switching under rated load (1000 V, 400 A, PF.0,35). For the increased load,
particularly for short circuit conditions (1000 V, 4,5 kA) it failes in operation
due to easy contact welding. It is related to nonuniform concentration of the
metallic elements applied, diversity of particle size and low melting point of
iron used as a dopant. To overcome this problem it is necessary to control the
Fig. 6. Analysis of a selected contact area by means
of EPMA.
143
technology to produce uniform concentration of all metallic components inside
the contact volume. It seems also that iron should be replaced by elements of a
higher melting point like W and/or Cr.
1. Grechanyuk N. I., Osokin V. A., Grechanyuk I. N., Minakova R. V. Composite
materials on base of copper and molybdenum, condensed from vapor phase, for
electric contacts //Advances in Electrometallurgy. — 2005. — No. 2. — P. 24—30.
Випробування низьковольтних вакуумних контактів
з компонентами із мульткомпонентних контактів
Б. Медзинський, З. Окрашевський, М. І. Гречанюк, А. Козловський,
А. Гродзинський
Представлено та обговорюються результати дослідження низьковольтних
вакуумних контакторів із контактами, виготовленими з вибраних конденсованих
композитів за умов комутаційних випробувань при експлуатації нормальних та
коротких ланцюгів.
Ключові слова: нізьковольтні вакуумні контактори, контакти, конденсовані
композити, робота в умовах коротких і нормальних ланцюгів.
Испытания низковольтных вакуумных контакторов
с композитами из мультикомпонентных контактов
Б. Медзинский, З. Окрашевский, Н. И. Гречанюк, А. Козловский,
А. Гродзинский
Представлены и обсуждаются результаты исследования низковольтных
вакуумных контакторов с контактами, изготовленными из выбранных
конденсированных композитов при коммутационных испытаниях в условиях
работы нормальных и коротких цепей.
Ключевые слова: низковольтные вакуумные контакторы, контакты,
конденсированные композиты, работа в условиях коротких и нормальных цепей.
144
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