Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems

The influence of polyacrlic acid (PAA) adsorption on fumed silica (SiO2) surface on suspension stability has been studied. Сhanges in the suspension stability were monitored using a Turbiscan LabExpert with a TLAb Cooler cooling module at 25oC. PAA is an anionic polymer containing carboxyl groups; t...

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Опубліковано в: :Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні
Дата:2010
Автори: Wiśniewska, M., Terpiłowski, K., Zarko, V.I., Chibowski, S., Chibowski, E., Urban, T., Gun’ko, V.M.
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Опубліковано: Інститут хімії поверхні ім. О.О. Чуйка НАН України 2010
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Цитувати:Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems / M. Wiśniewska, K. Terpiłowski, V.I. Zarko, S. Chibowski, E. Chibowski, T. Urban, V.M. Gun’ko // Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні. — 2010. — Т. 1, № 3. — С. 269-273. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ.

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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author Wiśniewska, M.
Terpiłowski, K.
Zarko, V.I.
Chibowski, S.
Chibowski, E.
Urban, T.
Gun’ko, V.M.
author_facet Wiśniewska, M.
Terpiłowski, K.
Zarko, V.I.
Chibowski, S.
Chibowski, E.
Urban, T.
Gun’ko, V.M.
citation_txt Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems / M. Wiśniewska, K. Terpiłowski, V.I. Zarko, S. Chibowski, E. Chibowski, T. Urban, V.M. Gun’ko // Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні. — 2010. — Т. 1, № 3. — С. 269-273. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ.
collection DSpace DC
container_title Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні
description The influence of polyacrlic acid (PAA) adsorption on fumed silica (SiO2) surface on suspension stability has been studied. Сhanges in the suspension stability were monitored using a Turbiscan LabExpert with a TLAb Cooler cooling module at 25oC. PAA is an anionic polymer containing carboxyl groups; therefore all the measurements were carried out at different pH 3, 6 and 9. Analysis of obtained transmission and backscattering curves and Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI) allowed determination of the most probable mechanism of the system stability. Вивчено вплив адсорбції поліакрилової кислоти (ПAК) на поверхні високодисперсного кремнезему (SiO2) на стабільність суспензії. Зміни стабільності суспензії спостерігались за допомогою приладу Turbiscan LabExpert із охолоджуючим модулем TLAb Cooler при 25oC. ПAК є аніонним полімером, що містить карбоксильні групи, тому всі вимірювання проводились при різних рН (3, 6 та 9). Аналіз одержаних кривих перенесення та зворотнього розсіяння, а також індексів стабільності (Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI)) дозволив визначити найбільш вірогідний механізм стабілізації вивчених систем. Изучено влияние адсорбции полиакриловой кислоты (ПAA) на поверхности высокодисперсного кремнезема (SiO2) на стабильность суспензии. Изменения стабильности суспензии наблюдались с помощью прибора Turbiscan LabExpert с охлаждающим модулем TLAb Cooler при 25oC. PAA является анионным полимером, содержащим карбоксильные группы, поэтому все измерения проводились при различных рН (3, 6 и 9). Анализ полученных кривых переноса и обратного рассеяния, а также индексов стабильности (Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI)) позволил определить наиболее вероятный механизм стабилизации изученных систем.
first_indexed 2025-12-07T13:31:56Z
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fulltext Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні. 2010. Т. 1. № 3. С. 269–273 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ * Corresponding author wisniewska@hektor.umcs.lublin.pl ХФТП 2010. Т. 1. № 3 269 UDC 544.723 INFLUENCE OF SOLUTION pH ON STABILITY OF FUMED SILICA–POLYACRYLIC ACID SYSTEMS M. Wiśniewska1*, K. Terpiłowski2, V.I. Zarko3, S. Chibowski1, E. Chibowski2, T. Urban1, V.M. Gun’ko3 1Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry 2Department of Physical Chemistry-Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Chemistry 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowka Square, Lublin 20-031, Poland 3Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 17 General Naumov Street, Kyiv 03164, Ukraine The influence of polyacrlic acid (PAA) adsorption on fumed silica (SiO2) surface on suspension stabi- lity has been studied. Сhanges in the suspension stability were monitored using a Turbiscan LabExpert with a TLAb Cooler cooling module at 25oC. PAA is an anionic polymer containing carboxyl groups; therefore all the measurements were carried out at different pH 3, 6 and 9. Analysis of obtained transmission and backscattering curves and Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI) allowed determination of the most probable mechanism of the system stability. INTRODUCTION The conformation of macromolecules ad- sorbed at a solid-liquid interface influences struc- ture of a polymer adsorption layer on a metal ox- ide surface. This structure determines the stabili- zation-flocculation properties of colloidal systems which are very important to control many techno- logical and ecological processes. The interfacial behavior of metal oxide-polymer solution systems is substantial for mineral flotation, dispersion- flocculation of cosmetics, paints, pharmaceuti- cals, foods, oil recovery, regulation of plough- lands erosion, purification of the industrial and drinking water, etc. [1–3]. Polyelectrolytes, in- cluding a polyacrylic acid classified as an anionic polymer, are especially appropriate for these pur- poses, because the suspension stability in the presence of PAA can be regulated by both steric and electrostatic forces. The most important factor influencing the ad- sorption process of polyacrylic acid on a silica sur- face is the pH value of the solution. An increase in pH causes an increase in the dissociation degree of the carboxyl groups in the PAA chains that leads to changes in the interactions between adsorbent active sites and polymer functional groups. Taking this fact into consideration, the aim of this paper was to determine the pH influence on the silica suspension stability. Silica was chosen for the study because it is a very popular adsorbent with well defined solid-liquid interface [4]. Silica gels were widely used as a sta- tionary phases in chromatography and as a drying agent, catalyst and catalyst carrier. Moreover, SiO2 finds a great application in production of glass, ce- ment, and ceramics. Nanosilica (or fumed silica) is widely used in industry and medicine as powder ma- terials or compact solids, polymer fillers, cores in core-polymer shell particles, etc. Nanosilica is a powder material (bulk density ρb=0.04–0.13 g/cm3 depending on the specific surface area between 300 and 50 m2/g) composed of aggregates (<1 µm in size, mass fractal dimension Dmf=2.5–2.6) and agglomer- ates of aggregates (>1 µm in size, Dmf=2.2–2.4). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fumed silica (pilot plant of Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, Kalush, Ukraine) studied has the BET surface area of 57 m2 g-1 determined from low-temperature nitrogen adsorption- desorption isotherm measured using a Micro- metritics ASAP 2405N analyzer. Polyacrylic acid (PAA, Fluka) was used at the average molecular weights of 2, 100, and 240 kDa. All measurements were carried out in the presence of NaCl solution (0.01 mol dm-3) which was used as the supporting electrolyte. Moreover, the stability experiments were performed at solu- tion pH=3, 6 and 9 at 25oC. M. Wiśniewska, K. Terpiłowski, V.I. Zarko et al. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 270 ХФТП 2010. Т. 1. № 3 The stability measurements of the fumed silica suspensions without and with PAA were carried out using a Turbiscan LabExpert with a TLAb Cooler cooling module. This apparatus possesses an elec- troluminescence diode which emits collimated light beam (λ=880 nm) passing through the sus- pension. The apparatus has two synchronized de- tectors. A transmission detector recorded light passing through a probe under angle of 0o in rela- tion to the incident light direction. The second one is a backscattering detector registering the light scattered under angle of 135o. The obtained data are stored and converted by a computer program. The results are presented in the form of curves, which show the intensities of transmission and scattering as a function of time. The analyzed suspension in a glass vial (7 cm in length) was placed in a thermostated measure- ment chamber. The suspension with 0.02 g of oxide in 20 cm3 of NaCl solution (solid content 0.1%) was sonicated for 1 min. Then the required pH of the solution was adjusted. The suspension was shaken in a water bath for 30 min and the pH was checked. The changes in the suspension sta- bility were monitored for 15 h (single scans were obtained in every 15 min). The probes of the sil- ica suspension with polyacrylic acid were pre- pared in the similar way. An appropriate volume of the PAA solution, desired the surface coverage θ=1 (CPAA≈500 ppm), was added to the suspen- sion after sonification. The Turbiscan Stability Indices (TSI) were calculated from the experimental results. The TSI values were obtained using a special computer program from the following equation ( ) 1 1 2 − − = ∑ = n xx TSI n i BSi , (1) where xi is the mean backscattering for each min- ute of measurement, xBS is the mean xi, and n is the number of scans. The TSI is a parameter which allows the estimation of the suspension stability. High TSI value indicates that the system is unstable. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The obtained transmission and backscattering curves for invesigated systems are presented in Figures 1–3. Calculated values of TSI were shown in Table 1 and Fig. 4. The analysis of these data suggests that samples are the most un- stable at pH 3. The addition of PAA improves insignificantly the SiO2 suspension stability. a b c d Fig. 1. Transmission and backscattering at pH 3 for the systems: a) SiO2 - NaCl, b) SiO2 – NaCl - PAA 2 kDa, c) SiO2 – NaCl - PAA 100 kDa, d) SiO2 – NaCl – PAA 240 kDa Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ХФТП 2010. Т. 1. № 3 271 a b c d Fig. 2. Transmission and backscattering at pH 6 for the systems: a) SiO2 - NaCl, b) SiO2 - NaCl - PAA 2 kDa, c) SiO2 – NaCl - PAA 100 kDa, d) SiO2 – NaCl – PAA 240 kDa a b c d Fig. 3. Transmission and backscattering at pH 9 for the systems: a) SiO2 - NaCl, b) SiO2 - NaCl - PAA 2 kDa, c) SiO2 – NaCl - PAA 100 kDa, d) SiO2 – NaCl – PAA 240 kDa M. Wiśniewska, K. Terpiłowski, V.I. Zarko et al. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 272 ХФТП 2010. Т. 1. № 3 Table 1. TSI values for SiO2 - PAA systems at different pH values TSI System pH 3 pH 6 pH 9 SiO2 57.75 4.00 3.17 SiO2–PAA 2 000 54.95 5.79 3.17 SiO2–PAA 100 000 43.94 1.56 3.00 SiO2–PAA 240 000 48.62 2.14 2.79 0 5 40 45 50 55 pH = 3 pH = 6 pH = 9 T ur bi sc an S ta bi lit y In de x a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d) Fig. 4. TSI values at different pH for the systems: a) SiO2 - NaCl, b) SiO2 - NaCl - PAA 2 kDa, c) SiO2 – NaCl - PAA 100 kDa, d) SiO2 – NaCl – PAA 240 kDa Completely different situation takes place at pH 6 and 9 where the suspensions are succes- sively stable and addition of polymer minimally influences their stability. To explain observed features of the sys- tems stability, it is necessary to analyze the ionization degree of PAA carboxylic groups and the SiO2 surface charge density with increasing pH value. The increase in pH causes dissociation of the polyacrylic acidic groups. Their dissocia- tion degree (αd) at pH 3 equals to 0.03. At pH 4.5 (pKPAA=4.5 [5]) αd=0.5 and at pH 7.5 practically all the PAA macromolecules are fully ionized (αd=0.999). Previous investigations indicated that pHpzc of silica is equal to approximately 3 [6]. It means that the SiO2 surface is negatively charged in the whole pH range studied from 3 to 9; however, the surface charge density (σ0) is small at pH < 7. In such a situation, the electrostatic repulsion between the solid sur- face and PAA chains appears. Its strength in- creases with increasing pH. This results in more and more stretched conformation of the negatively charged macromolecules on the ne- gatively charged adsorbent surface. For this reason the pH increase causes a decrease in the polymer adsorption [6]. However, the PAA adsorption on the silica surface occurs in the whole range of pH, even at the highest values of pH. It proved that different non- electrostatic forces had to be responsible of the PAA adsorption on the SiO2 surface. Other- wise, the adsorption of negatively charged polymer chains on the negatively charged sol- id surface should not take place. The energy of these interactions [6] corresponds to the en- ergy of strong hydrogen bonds (40-50 kJ/mol). These bonds can be formed between both neu- tral (≡SiOH) or charged (≡SiO−, ≡SiOH2 +) si- lanol groups of adsorbent and dissociated or neutral groups of the polymer. At pH 3 without the polymer, the silica sus- pension is characterized by much lower stability (TSI=57.75) as compared to that at pH 6 and 9 (TSI=4.00 and 3.17, respectively). This is caused by lowering σ0 value, as well as diffusion layer charges, with decreasing pH close to the point of zero charge [6]. The repulsive interactions be- tween solid particles are weak and not able to provide the system stability; therefore, the coagu- lation takes place. The addition of PAA insignifi- cantly improves the dispersion stability. At such pH, the PAA chains are practically non- dissociated. The adsorbed macromolecules form more coiled structures at the silica surface. Such coils adsorbed on a particle can interact with the macromolecules adsorbed on other particles or with bare particles. As a result, large floccules composed of solid particles covered with a dense- ly packed polymer layer are formed in the sus- pension. Thus, a decrease in the silica suspension stability in the presence of PAA can be due to bridging interactions PAA-silica and PAA-PAA leading to flocculation of the system. Completely different situation is observed at pH 6 and 9. The systems both in the absence and in the presence of polymer are stable. The high stability of silica suspension without PAA is caused by electrostatic interactions between negatively charged solid particles. Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ХФТП 2010. Т. 1. № 3 273 The adsorption of polyacrylic acid weakly af- fects the SiO2 suspension stability. Under these conditions, the polymer chains are com- pletely dissociated that results in strong elec- trostatic repulsion between polymer-coated particles. This effect is additionally strength- ened by intermolecular repulsive interactions of dissociated carboxylic groups in non- adsorbed polymer chains in the solution. As a result, both steric and electrostatic effects are responsible of high suspension stability in the presence of the polymer. Thus, at pH 6 and 9 electrosteric stabilization of the SiO2 – PAA suspension occurs. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The research leading to these results has re- ceived funding from the European Community’s Seven Framework Programme (FP7/2007 – 2013) under a Maria Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme, Grant Agreement No. PIRSES – GA – 2008 – 230790. REFERENCES 1. Sorbie K.S. Polymer-Improved Oil Recovery. – Boca Raton FL: CRC Press, 1991. – 376 p. 2. Audibert A., Bailey F., Hall P.L et al. Physical Chemistry of Colloids and Interfaces in Oil Production / Eds. H. Toulhoat, J. Lecourtier. – Paris: Editions Technip, 1992. – P. 203–210. 3. Amirtharajah A., O’Melia C.R. Water Quality and Treatment. – New York: MCGraw-Hill, 1990. – 587 p. 4. Parida S.K., Dash S., Patel S., Mishra B.K. Adsorption of organic molecules on silica sur- face // Adv. Colloid Interf. Sci. – 2006. – V. 121. – P. 77–110. 5. Gebhardt J.E., Furstenau D.W. Adsorption of polyacrylic acid at oxide/water interfaces // Colloids Surf. – 1983. – V. 7. – P. 221–231. 6. Wiśniewska M. Temperature effect on adsorp- tion properties of silica–polyacrylic acid inter- face // J. Therm. Anal. Cal. – 2010. – DOI 10.1007/s10973-010-0888-4. Received 18.05.2010, accepted 17.08.2010 Вплив рН розчину на стабільність систем високодисперсний кремнезем – поліакрилова кислота M. Вішневська, K. Терпиловський, В. Зарко, С. Хібовський, E. Хібовський, T. Урбан, В. Гунько Університет Марії Кюрі-Склодовської пл. Марії Кюрі-Склодовської 3, Люблін 20-031, Польща, wisniewska@hektor.umcs.lublin.pl Інститут хіміі поверхні ім. О.О. Чуйка Національної академії наук України вул. Генерала Наумова 17, Київ 03164, Україна Вивчено вплив адсорбції поліакрилової кислоти (ПAК) на поверхні високодисперсного кремнезему (SiO2) на стабільність суспензії. Зміни стабільності суспензії спостерігались за допомогою приладу Turbiscan LabExpert із охолоджуючим модулем TLAb Cooler при 25oC. ПAК є аніонним полімером, що містить карбокси- льні групи, тому всі вимірювання проводились при різних рН (3, 6 та 9). Аналіз одержаних кривих перенесен- ня та зворотнього розсіяння, а також індексів стабільності (Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI)) дозволив ви- значити найбільш вірогідний механізм стабілізації вивчених систем. Влияние рН раствора на стабильность систем высокодисперсный кремнезем – полиакриловая кислота M. Вишневска, K. Терпиловский, В. Зарко, С. Хибовский, Э. Хибовский, T. Урбан, В. Гунько Университет Марии Кюри-Склодовской пл. Марии Кюри-Склодовской 3, Люблин 20-031, Польша, wisniewska@hektor.umcs.lublin.pl Институт химии поверхности им. А.А. Чуйко Национальной академии наук Украины ул. Генерала Наумова 17, Киев 03164, Украина Изучено влияние адсорбции полиакриловой кислоты (ПAA) на поверхности высокодисперсного кремне- зема (SiO2) на стабильность суспензии. Изменения стабильности суспензии наблюдались с помощью прибо- ра Turbiscan LabExpert с охлаждающим модулем TLAb Cooler при 25oC. PAA является анионным полимером, содержащим карбоксильные группы, поэтому все измерения проводились при различных рН (3, 6 и 9). Анализ полученных кривых переноса и обратного рассеяния, а также индексов стабильности (Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI)) позволил определить наиболее вероятный механизм стабилизации изученных систем.
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-28991
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
issn 2079-1704
language English
last_indexed 2025-12-07T13:31:56Z
publishDate 2010
publisher Інститут хімії поверхні ім. О.О. Чуйка НАН України
record_format dspace
spelling Wiśniewska, M.
Terpiłowski, K.
Zarko, V.I.
Chibowski, S.
Chibowski, E.
Urban, T.
Gun’ko, V.M.
2011-11-27T16:49:31Z
2011-11-27T16:49:31Z
2010
Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems / M. Wiśniewska, K. Terpiłowski, V.I. Zarko, S. Chibowski, E. Chibowski, T. Urban, V.M. Gun’ko // Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні. — 2010. — Т. 1, № 3. — С. 269-273. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ.
2079-1704
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/28991
544.723
The influence of polyacrlic acid (PAA) adsorption on fumed silica (SiO2) surface on suspension stability has been studied. Сhanges in the suspension stability were monitored using a Turbiscan LabExpert with a TLAb Cooler cooling module at 25oC. PAA is an anionic polymer containing carboxyl groups; therefore all the measurements were carried out at different pH 3, 6 and 9. Analysis of obtained transmission and backscattering curves and Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI) allowed determination of the most probable mechanism of the system stability.
Вивчено вплив адсорбції поліакрилової кислоти (ПAК) на поверхні високодисперсного кремнезему (SiO2) на стабільність суспензії. Зміни стабільності суспензії спостерігались за допомогою приладу Turbiscan LabExpert із охолоджуючим модулем TLAb Cooler при 25oC. ПAК є аніонним полімером, що містить карбоксильні групи, тому всі вимірювання проводились при різних рН (3, 6 та 9). Аналіз одержаних кривих перенесення та зворотнього розсіяння, а також індексів стабільності (Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI)) дозволив визначити найбільш вірогідний механізм стабілізації вивчених систем.
Изучено влияние адсорбции полиакриловой кислоты (ПAA) на поверхности высокодисперсного кремнезема (SiO2) на стабильность суспензии. Изменения стабильности суспензии наблюдались с помощью прибора Turbiscan LabExpert с охлаждающим модулем TLAb Cooler при 25oC. PAA является анионным полимером, содержащим карбоксильные группы, поэтому все измерения проводились при различных рН (3, 6 и 9). Анализ полученных кривых переноса и обратного рассеяния, а также индексов стабильности (Turbiscan Stability Indexes (TSI)) позволил определить наиболее вероятный механизм стабилизации изученных систем.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seven Framework Programme (FP7/2007 – 2013) under a Maria Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme, Grant Agreement No. PIRSES – GA – 2008 – 230790.
en
Інститут хімії поверхні ім. О.О. Чуйка НАН України
Хімія, фізика та технологія поверхні
Функціоналізовані матеріали, одержані золь-гель і темплатним методами
Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems
Вплив рН розчину на стабільність систем високодисперсний кремнезем – поліакрилова кислота
Влияние рН раствора на стабильность систем высокодисперсный кремнезем – полиакриловая кислота
Article
published earlier
spellingShingle Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems
Wiśniewska, M.
Terpiłowski, K.
Zarko, V.I.
Chibowski, S.
Chibowski, E.
Urban, T.
Gun’ko, V.M.
Функціоналізовані матеріали, одержані золь-гель і темплатним методами
title Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems
title_alt Вплив рН розчину на стабільність систем високодисперсний кремнезем – поліакрилова кислота
Влияние рН раствора на стабильность систем высокодисперсный кремнезем – полиакриловая кислота
title_full Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems
title_fullStr Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems
title_short Influence of Solution pH on Stability of Fumed Silica–Polyacrylic Acid Systems
title_sort influence of solution ph on stability of fumed silica–polyacrylic acid systems
topic Функціоналізовані матеріали, одержані золь-гель і темплатним методами
topic_facet Функціоналізовані матеріали, одержані золь-гель і темплатним методами
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/28991
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AT terpiłowskik influenceofsolutionphonstabilityoffumedsilicapolyacrylicacidsystems
AT zarkovi influenceofsolutionphonstabilityoffumedsilicapolyacrylicacidsystems
AT chibowskis influenceofsolutionphonstabilityoffumedsilicapolyacrylicacidsystems
AT chibowskie influenceofsolutionphonstabilityoffumedsilicapolyacrylicacidsystems
AT urbant influenceofsolutionphonstabilityoffumedsilicapolyacrylicacidsystems
AT gunkovm influenceofsolutionphonstabilityoffumedsilicapolyacrylicacidsystems
AT wisniewskam vplivrnrozčinunastabílʹnístʹsistemvisokodispersniikremnezempolíakrilovakislota
AT terpiłowskik vplivrnrozčinunastabílʹnístʹsistemvisokodispersniikremnezempolíakrilovakislota
AT zarkovi vplivrnrozčinunastabílʹnístʹsistemvisokodispersniikremnezempolíakrilovakislota
AT chibowskis vplivrnrozčinunastabílʹnístʹsistemvisokodispersniikremnezempolíakrilovakislota
AT chibowskie vplivrnrozčinunastabílʹnístʹsistemvisokodispersniikremnezempolíakrilovakislota
AT urbant vplivrnrozčinunastabílʹnístʹsistemvisokodispersniikremnezempolíakrilovakislota
AT gunkovm vplivrnrozčinunastabílʹnístʹsistemvisokodispersniikremnezempolíakrilovakislota
AT wisniewskam vliâniernrastvoranastabilʹnostʹsistemvysokodispersnyikremnezempoliakrilovaâkislota
AT terpiłowskik vliâniernrastvoranastabilʹnostʹsistemvysokodispersnyikremnezempoliakrilovaâkislota
AT zarkovi vliâniernrastvoranastabilʹnostʹsistemvysokodispersnyikremnezempoliakrilovaâkislota
AT chibowskis vliâniernrastvoranastabilʹnostʹsistemvysokodispersnyikremnezempoliakrilovaâkislota
AT chibowskie vliâniernrastvoranastabilʹnostʹsistemvysokodispersnyikremnezempoliakrilovaâkislota
AT urbant vliâniernrastvoranastabilʹnostʹsistemvysokodispersnyikremnezempoliakrilovaâkislota
AT gunkovm vliâniernrastvoranastabilʹnostʹsistemvysokodispersnyikremnezempoliakrilovaâkislota