Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)
The 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannel, 1946 reared to imago are described. Brief ecological data and comparative discussion are given. Описаны личинки 2-го и 3-го возрастов Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannael, 1946 с о. Мадагаскар. Приведены короткие экологические сведения и ср...
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Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2005
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| Zitieren: | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) / A. V. Putchkov, V. G. Dolin // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 1. — С. 35-38. — англ. |
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| citation_txt | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) / A. V. Putchkov, V. G. Dolin // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 1. — С. 35-38. — англ. |
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| description | The 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannel, 1946 reared to imago are described. Brief ecological data and comparative discussion are given.
Описаны личинки 2-го и 3-го возрастов Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannael, 1946 с о. Мадагаскар. Приведены короткие экологические сведения и сравнительный таксономический анализ известных личинок рода Pogonostoma.
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UDC 595.762
DESCRIPTION THE LARVA
OF THE TIGER BEETLE POGONOSTOMA MAJUNGANUM
(COLEOPTERA, CICINDELIDAE)
A. V. Putchkov, V. G. Dolin
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine,
vul. B. Khmelnits’kogo, 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
Å-mail: putchkov@izan.kiev.ua; cicindela@ua.fm
Accepted 5 May 2004
Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae).
Putchkov A. V., Dolin V. G. — The 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannel,
1946 reared to imago are described. Brief ecological data and comparative discussion are given.
Ke y wo r d s: Coleoptera, Cicindelidae, Pogonostoma, larva, description, ecology, Madagascar.
Îïèñàíèå ëè÷èíîê ñêàêóíà Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Ïó÷êîâ À. Â., Äîëèí Â. Ã. —
Îïèñàíû ëè÷èíêè 2-ãî è 3-ãî âîçðàñòîâ Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannael, 1946 ñ î. Ìàäàãàñêàð.
Ïðèâåäåíû êîðîòêèå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ñâåäåíèÿ è ñðàâíèòåëüíûé òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç èç-
âåñòíûõ ëè÷èíîê ðîäà Pogonostoma.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Coleoptera, Cicindelidae, Pogonostoma, ëè÷èíêà, îïèñàíèå, ýêîëîãèÿ, Ìà-
äàãàñêàð.
An endemic for Madagascar tiger beetle genus Pogonostoma Klug, 1835 is represented by almost 90 spe-
cies attributed to 6 subgenera. As compared to the adults, the larvae of this genus still remain little known.
The larvae of Pogonostoma sp. collected by Vadon in the forests in the vicinity of Antongil gulf were
tentatively attributed by R. Jeannel (1946) to one of the three species: cyanescens Klug, 1835, caeruleum
Castelnau & Gory, 1837 or chalybaeum Klug, 1835. This material has been forwarded for examination to
F. J. Van Emden (1935), but no genus description appeared since then. However, the use of this material
(deposited in the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde) allowed to incorporate numerous larval
Pogonostoma characteristics in a key to major of Cicindelidae of genera of the World (Putchkov, Arndt, 1994).
During the collecting trip to Madagascar (November 20, 2001–January 15, 2002) one of the authors (VGD)
succeeded not only to collect a series of the Pogonostoma larvae, but also to rear some adults. Subsequently,
the species was determined by F. Cassola as P. majunganum Jeannel, 1946. A description of the 2nd and 3rd
instar larvae of this species are given below.
The morphological terminology used here are as in previously published descriptions of the tiger beetle
larvae (Knisley, Pearson, 1984; Putchkov, Cassola, 1994). The terms are abbreviated as follows: L — total
length; FL — head length (from nasale top to end of epicranial suture); FW — head width; PNL — length
of pronotum (along medial line); PNW — width of pronotum (at anterior angles); PN1 — half of pronotum;
PNM — pronotum medial line; PNa — anterior angles of pronotum; A1, A2 — 1st and 2nd antennal
segments; T3 — 3rd abdominal tergite; CT5 — caudal, CTL5 — lateral, AT5 — apical tergite of the 5th
abdominal segment; MH — medial hooks; IH — inner hooks of 5th abdominal segment; EU9 — 9th
abdominal tergite; PY — pygopod. The sizes are given in millimetres.
Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannel, 1946
Ma t e r i a l. N–W Madagascar, National Park Ankarafantsika, 27 specimens of 3rd and 2 specimens of
2nd instar larvae, 6–10.01.2002 (Dolin) (SIZK).
Th i r d i n s t a r l a r v a. Measurements: L — 15.5–19.5; FW — 1.90–1.94; FL —
1.16–1.17; PNW — 1.98–2.04; PNL — 1.22–2.26.
Head above almost black, with slight greenish metallic reflection. Appendages of
head brown, their apices and mandibles dark brown. Head wide, its maximal width at
Vestnik zoologii, 39(1): 35–38, 2005
© A. V. Putchkov, V. G. Dolin, 2005
rounded posterior angles level, slightly narrowed backwards (fig. 1, 1). Nasale narrow,
narrower than mandible bases, slightly trapezoid, with slight longitudinal grooves. Fron-
tal plate with well expressed transverse medial keel, slightly bucket-liked. Basal teethes
large. 1st labial palpus with 6 chaetae at apex, of which 2 central shortened, sclerotized
and widened (fig. 1, 2). Linear ratio of its 1st and 2nd segment length — 1.1 : 1.0. 2nd
segment with 1 thin chaeta slightly over its middle. Palpiger area divided, lower of them
36 A. V. Putchkov, V. G. Dolin
Fig. 1. Pogonostoma majunganum, 3rd instar larva: 1 — head and pronotum (dorsally); 2 — labium (left side,
ventrally); 3 — maxilla (right, dorsally); 4 — mandible (right, dorsally); 5 — mid leg (lateral view); 6 — 5th
abdominal segment (left side, dorsal view); 7 — 9th abdominal segment and pygopod (left side, dorsal view).
Ðèñ. 1. Pogonostoma majunganum, ëè÷èíêà 3-ãî âîçðàñòà: 1 — ãîëîâà è ïðîíîòóì (äîðñàëüíî); 2 —
íèæíÿÿ ãóáà (ëåâàÿ ñòîðîíà, âåíòðàëüíî); 3 — ìàêñèëëà (ïðàâàÿ ñòîðîíà, äîðñàëüíî); 4 — ìàäèáóëà
(ïðàâàÿ ñòîðîíà, äîðñàëüíî); 5 — ñðåäíÿÿ íîãà (âèä ñáîêó); 6 — 5-é áðþøíîé ñåãìåíò (ëåâàÿ
ñòîðîíà, äîðñàëüíî); 7 — 9-é áðþøíîé ñåãìåíò è ïèãîïîä (ëåâàÿ ñòîðîíà, äîðñàëüíî).
x32
x64
x64
x32
x112
x112x32
is almost two times longer than upper (fig. 1, 2). Maxilla habitually as in tribe
Cicindelini. Cardo almost triangular. Stipes wide, with small smoothed tubercle (tooth)
almost at internal margin base (fig. 1, 3). Its internal side with two chaetae rows. 1st
galea segment with 3 chaetae at internal margin: two last stronger. 2nd galea segment
with 4 chaetae: first spine-liked and longer. Ratio of maxillar segments length
1 : 2 : 3 : 4–1.3 : 1.1 : 1.6 : 1.0. Mandible moderately long (fig. 1, 4). A1 with 5–6,
A2 with 4–5 chaetae. 1st antennal segment almost 1.5 times as wide as 2nd. U-shaped
ridge of frons, with 3 chaetae, sharply skewed backwards, not clearly joined with occip-
ital ridge. Chaetae long, thin, reddish. Posterior (1st) stemma very large, its diameter
almost in 3 times exceeds this of anterior (2nd) stemma. Epicranial suture absent.
Pronotum coloration similar to head, but lateral margin dark-brown, tops of ante-
rior angles pale. Pronotum almost semirounded, convex (fig. 1, 1). Swellings of ante-
rior angles not expressed, callous disk elevations weakly sculptured, divided anteriorly
by two oblique grooves. Lateral margins forwards rather narrowly backlined, but
widened posteriorly. Anterior angles very long, directed forwards, at apices bent, with
small longitudinal keel. Anterior pronotum margin concave at middle. Pronotum mem-
brane large and wide. Chaetae very long, thin, reddish. Chaetae of lateral margin situ-
ated sparsely, their number not exceeding 12–14. PN1 bears 20–26, PNM — 6–8;
PNa — 2–4 chaetae (near half of them shorter).
Hypopleuron consisting of one large sclerite with 3–4 chaetae, and 3 small, each
bearing one chaeta. Eupleuron large, as long as or slightly longer than tergites, longi-
tudinal-ovate, with 5–6 chaetae. Tergites rectangular with 7–8 chaetae, 4 of which are
long. The legs habitually similar to those in Cicindelini larvae (but not in Collyrini), as
shown on figure 1, 6.
Hump flattened. Its tergites weakly sclerotized, fused along external margin, but
not joined along internal margin (fig. 1, 5). CTL5 strongly longitudinal, weakly sclero-
tized, with 3–4 long chaetae. CT5 strongly transverse-elongated, with 7–8 spines over
upper margin and 6–8 very small chaetae below. AT5 bears 5–7 long and some small
chaetae. Its lateral margin, fused with lateral tergite, darkened. MH strongly sclerotized,
their length in 2 times more their width at base, upper half almost semicircularly bent.
Their apices slightly overlap base of apical tergite. MH with 2 (rarely 3) short spines,
situated asymmetrically, and long chaeta at base. IH massive, 1.4 or more times as short
as MH, their width at base equal to length. Central spine thick and long, with 2 almost
symmetrical shortened spines. EU9 with 14–16 chaetae, 8 of which (4 short) situated
over posterior margin (fig. 1, 7). 9th sternite with 6 long chaetae at posterior margin.
PY short, dorsally with 4 long and 2 short chaetae. Its apex with 4 strong spines and
4 small chaetae at sides, two of which situated ventrally (fig. 1, 7). Central part of PY
ventrally bare.
S e c ond i n s t a r l a r v a. Measurements: L — 10.3–10.8; FW — 0.84–0.86;
FL — 1.30–1.34; PNW — 1.34–1.35; PNL — 0.83–0.86.
Differs from 3rd instar only by body size and number of chaetae on some sclerites.
1st labial segment with 5 chaetae (2 lateral long and central short). 1st galeal seg-
ment with 2 chaetae (upper stronger and longer). A2 with 4, A1 with 4–5 chaetae.
2 small tubercles between upper stemmata. Epicranial suture short. Pronotal grooves
deeper than in 3rd instar. Anterior angles narrower, with exact exterior fold at apex, but
marginal swelling in posterior part very wide. PN1 bearing 5–6 long and 10–12 short-
er chaetae, marginal swelling with 13–14 chaetae. Anterior margin of PN slightly con-
cave, but at middle almost straight. CT5 with 5 spines and 2–3 small chaetae. CTL5
with 2 long chaetae. Central IH spine relatively stronger and longer than in 3rd instar.
EU9 posterior margin with 8 chaetae (6 almost at middle). PY ventrally bare, some-
times with 2 chaetae, displaced laterally, dorsally pygopodium surface with 4 chaetae.
Apex of PY with 6 spines, strongly displaced laterally. Lateral spines very strong.
37Distription of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum…
Eco l o g i c a l p e c u l i a r i t i e s. The larvae were collected under the bark of tree
trunk in the rain forest. The larval burrows 3–4 cm long were situated 3.5–5.0 m up
from the tree butt reaching the highest abundance at a level of 1.5–2 m. The number
of burrows per square decimetre vary, depending on exposition, from 8 to 12; it should
be noted that during the study only 3–4 burrows contained living larvae, the rest were
left containing the larval exuvia. Some dead and parasitized larvae and pupae were
found as well. Inhabited were mostly the trunks with wrinkled and grooved bark, most-
ly of Acacia species and mango. Among smooth-barked trees only single larvae were
found in detached bark areas at an elevation of 2–2.5 m. Dependent on trunk situa-
tion, the larval burrows situated mostly on the northern side of the trunk when the tree
was located on an open or less shaded place (mostly large mango trunks), or on the
southern side if an Acacia tree was in the depth of the forest in shadow. Under strong-
ly shaded tree trunk, the larvae have not been found.
The larval burrow passages have mostly vertical position in the bark, sometimes
with some deviation left- or rightwards from vertical line depending on the grooves
direction of the bark; single burrows, mostly on the smooth-barked trees occupied a
position close to horizontal. The larvae were located in the anterior (upper) part of the
burrow, with heads plugging the entrance. When disturbed, they immediately hide
down, and in 2–3 minutes returned back to their initial position, hunting for small
invertebrates moving on the bark and crossing the heads of the hidden larvae.
Compa r a t i v e no t e s. The shape and chaetotaxy of the head, pronotum, hooks
and 5th abdominal segment tergites and, especially, pygopod’s spines and chaetae of
the Pogonostoma larvae are similar to those characteristics of larvae in the South
American Ctenostoma species. However, in Pogonostoma larvae lateral tergite of the 5th
abdominal segment is not modified into a spine, claws are not conjoined with tarsus,
and stemma 1 (posterior from above) is very large, more than 3 times as large as stem-
ma 2 (anterior). More detailed analysis of the larvae of these genera are planned to be
presented in a separate publication. From Pogonostoma sp. larvae collected by Vadon,
the described species differs well not only by its two times smaller size (when 3rd instar
larvae compared), but also by the lack of the tubercle between 1st and 2nd ocelli, more
smoothed relief of the 1st thoracic tergite and more numerous chaetae on it.
Moreover, in P. majunganum larva, the lateral tergite of the 5th abdominal segment
is weakly sclerotized, more elongated and rounded in its anterior part, caudal tergite
with only one spine row, and pygopod dorsally without accessory small chaetae, the
spine number on its apex is almost twice less. The size of the head and pronotum in
P. majunganum is more than in two times smaller than in Pogonostoma sp. Unfortu-
nately, the lack of a reliable material for other Pogonostoma larvae still prevents a reli-
able analysis not only of the genus as a whole, but also of its nominotypical subgenus.
We are much indebted to Fabio Cassola (Roma, Italy) for the species determination after adults, and
to Andrey Belov and Aleksey Prokhorov (Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kyiv) for their assistance in
preparing original drawings.
Emden van F. J. Die Larven der Cicindelidae. I. Einleitendes und alocosternale Phyle // Tijdschr. Ento-
mol. — 1935. — 78. — P. 134–183.
Jeannel R. Sur les larves de “Pogonostoma” // Rev. Fr. Entomol. — 1946. — 13. — P. 124.
Knisley C. B., Pearson D. L. Biosystematics of larval tiger beetles of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona.
Description of species and a review of larval characters for Cicindela (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) //
Trans. Amer. entomol. Soc. — 1984. — 110. — P. 465–551.
Putchkov A. V., Arndt E. Preliminary list and key of known tiger beetle larvae (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of
the world // Mitt. schweiz. entomol. Ges. — 1994. — 67. — P. 411–420.
Putchkov A. V., Cassola F. The larvae of tiger beetles from Central Asia (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) // Boll.
Mus. civ. St. nat. Verona. — 1991 (1994). — 18. — P. 11–43.
38 A. V. Putchkov, V. G. Dolin
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-3192 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T13:14:21Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Putchkov, A.V. Dolin, V.G. 2009-07-03T15:42:30Z 2009-07-03T15:42:30Z 2005 Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) / A. V. Putchkov, V. G. Dolin // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 1. — С. 35-38. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/3192 595.762 The 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannel, 1946 reared to imago are described. Brief ecological data and comparative discussion are given. Описаны личинки 2-го и 3-го возрастов Pogonostoma majunganum Jeannael, 1946 с о. Мадагаскар. Приведены короткие экологические сведения и сравнительный таксономический анализ известных личинок рода Pogonostoma. en Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) Описание личинок скакуна Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) Putchkov, A.V. Dolin, V.G. |
| title | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) |
| title_alt | Описание личинок скакуна Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) |
| title_full | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) |
| title_fullStr | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) |
| title_short | Description of the Larva of the Tiger Beetle Pogonostoma majunganum (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) |
| title_sort | description of the larva of the tiger beetle pogonostoma majunganum (coleoptera, cicindelidae) |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/3192 |
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