A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea)
The Middle to Late Miocene (Sarmatian) species of the “Trochus podolicus” group are a heterogeneous assemblage which is here divided in the Gibbula podolica group (6 species) and Calliostoma podolicoformis group (4 species), in the families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae, respectively. New data on t...
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Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2005
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| Cite this: | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) / O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 3. — С. 3–15. — англ. |
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| author | Anistratenko, O.Yu. Anistratenko, V.V. |
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| citation_txt | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) / O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 3. — С. 3–15. — англ. |
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| description | The Middle to Late Miocene (Sarmatian) species of the “Trochus podolicus” group are a heterogeneous assemblage which is here divided in the Gibbula podolica group (6 species) and Calliostoma podolicoformis group (4 species), in the families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae, respectively. New data on the biostratigraphy of C. podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935) and on the biogeography of G. laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930), G. cordieriana (Orbigny, 1844), C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) and C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844) are given. A phylogenetic scheme reflecting the relationships of the species discussed here is proposed. Interpopulation differences for some species are described; they are interpreted as a result of palaeo-environmental differences between the Halician and Borysthenian Gulfs of the Sarmatian Sea.
Средне–позднемиоценовые (сарматские) виды группы «Trochus podolicus» являются гетерогенным конгломератом видов, который подразделен здесь на группы Gibbula podolica (6 видов) и Calliostoma podolicoformis (4 вида) в составе семейств Trochidae и Calliostomatidae соответственно. Приведены новые данные по биостратиграфии C. podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935) и биогеографии G. laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930), G. cordieriana (Orbigny, 1844), C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) и C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844). Предложена филогенетическая схема, отражающая родственные связи обсуждаемых видов. Описаны межпопуляционные отличия некоторых видов; они интерпретируются как результат различия палеоэкологических условий в Галицийском и Борисфенском заливах Сарматского моря.
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UDC 564.329“6235”(477)
A SURVEY OF SARMATIAN MOLLUSCS OF THE “TROCHUS
PODOLICUS” GROUP (GASTROPODA, TROCHOIDEA)
O. Yu. Anistratenko1, V. V. Anistratenko2
1 Institute of Geological Sciences of NAS Ukraine, vul. O. Gontchara, 55-b, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
2 Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS Ukraine, vul. B. Khmelnit’skogo, 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
Accepted 10 March 2004
A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea). Ani-
stratenko O. Yu., Anistratenko V. V. — The Middle to Late Miocene (Sarmatian) species of the
“Trochus podolicus” group are a heterogeneous assemblage which is here divided in the Gibbula podolica
group (6 species) and Calliostoma podolicoformis group (4 species), in the families Trochidae and
Calliostomatidae, respectively. New data on the biostratigraphy of C. podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935)
and on the biogeography of G. laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930), G. cordieriana (Orbigny, 1844),
C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) and C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844) are given. A phylogenetic scheme
reflecting the relationships of the species discussed here is proposed. Interpopulation differences for
some species are described; they are interpreted as a result of palaeo-environmental differences between
the Halician and Borysthenian Gulfs of the Sarmatian Sea.
Ke y wo r d s: Gastropoda, Trochidae, Sarmatian, Ukraine, taxonomy, paleobiogeography.
Oáçîð ñàðìàòñêèõ ìîëëþñêîâ ãðóïïû «Trochus podolicus» (Gastropoda, Trochoidea). Àíèñòðàòåí-
êî Î. Þ., Àíèñòðàòåíêî Â. Â. — Ñðåäíå–ïîçäíåìèîöåíîâûå (ñàðìàòñêèå) âèäû ãðóïïû «Trochus
podolicus» ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãåòåðîãåííûì êîíãëîìåðàòîì âèäîâ, êîòîðûé ïîäðàçäåëåí çäåñü íà ãðóïïû
Gibbula podolica (6 âèäîâ) è Calliostoma podolicoformis (4 âèäà) â ñîñòàâå ñåìåéñòâ Trochidae è
Calliostomatidae ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïðèâåäåíû íîâûå äàííûå ïî áèîñòðàòèãðàôèè C. podolicoformis
(Kolesnikov, 1935) è áèîãåîãðàôèè G. laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930), G. cordieriana (Orbigny,
1844), C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) è C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844). Ïðåäëîæåíà ôèëîãåíåòè÷å-
ñêàÿ ñõåìà, îòðàæàþùàÿ ðîäñòâåííûå ñâÿçè îáñóæäàåìûõ âèäîâ. Îïèñàíû ìåæïîïóëÿöèîííûå
îòëè÷èÿ íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ; îíè èíòåðïðåòèðóþòñÿ êàê ðåçóëüòàò ðàçëè÷èÿ ïàëåîýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ
óñëîâèé â Ãàëèöèéñêîì è Áîðèñôåíñêîì çàëèâàõ Ñàðìàòñêîãî ìîðÿ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Gastropoda, Trochidae, Ñàðìàò, Óêðàèíà, òàêñîíîìèÿ, ïàëåîáèîãåîãðàôèÿ.
Introduction
Many species of the superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815 lived in the Sarmatian Basin of south-
eastern Europe. Unfortunately, they are investigated insufficiently up to date, though they are very important
for biostratigraphy, and for the phylogeny of the Archaeogastropoda. A critical review of relevant published
data, in particular in the works of E. Eichwald (1830, 1853), M. Hörnes (1856), V. P. Kolesnikov (1930 a,
b, 1935) and others, and their comparison with modern faunal, systematic and taxonomic data is also
required.
Material and methods
The present investigation is mainly based on material deposited at the Institute of Geological Sciences
of the National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine (Kyiv). Also some personal collections are examined
and a few lots provided by our colleagues. The investigated material was gathered from outcrops and boreholes
of Middle Sarmatian (Bessarabian) deposits in western and southern Ukraine (fig. 1). Altogether more than
hundred specimens of the “Tr. podolicus” group species identified in studied samples. The distribution of
species by locality is given in table 1.
Vestnik zoologii, 39(3): 3–15, 2005
© O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko, 2005
1 The main idea of the comparatorial method is to use a “camera lucida” for the direct comparison of
shells which are observed in a standard orientation through stereoscopic microscope oculars, and directly
compared with the outlines of reference specimens, usually the type specimens of other species in the same
orientation. In many cases (but not always) specific distinctness of the forms can be concluded almost exclu-
sively from the coincidence or non-coincidence of the outlines. The method is widely used by malacologists
in the former USSR. We often use it as an additional method. Full description of the method was published
in English only by Shikov, Zatravkin (1991). In this paper the method is called “comparatory”, but Staro-
bogatov himself proposed (in additional remarks to this paper) to use the word “comparatorial” to emphasize
that method based not on ordinary morphological comparison, but on using of “comparator” i. e. camera
lucida.
Shell characters were studied with an optical stereomicroscope. The comparatorial method has been
used as additional method (Shikov, Zatravkin, 1991)1. It allows comparing independently all of Raups’
parameters of the shell tube growth (Raup, 1966).
The comparison of apical angles is also a quite simple and convenient method to distinguish the species
treated here. Where a large difference in this character exists in different species of one group, no overlap
has been observed. Apical angles proved to be a simple and easy parameter to distinguish species. Often large
differences without overlaps were found between closely related species.
LET — quarry 1 km NE of Letichev town, Khmelnitsky region; ANT — quarry NE of Antonovka
village, Letichev district, Khmelnitsky region; TER — quarry in N suburb of Terlovka village, Letichev
district, Khmelnitsky region; VER — outcrop near Verbka village, Letichev district, Khmelnitsky region;
SNI — outcrop near Snitovka village, Letichev district, Khmelnitsky region; SUS — outcrop near Suslovtsy
village, Letichev district, Khmelnitsky region; IZA — precipice on the bank of river Goryn, vicinity of
Izyaslav town, Khmelnitsky region; VTA — outcrop on the bank of Kakhowsky reservoir near Vishchetara-
sovka village, Tomakovka district, Dnepropetrovsk region; VBZ — borehole 0154 near Velikaya Belozurka
village, Zaporozhskaya region; MIH — borehole 0155 near Mihailovka town, Zaporozhskaya region; NIK —
borehole 0359 in Nikopol district, Dnepropetrovsk region
Nomenclatural notes
The species known for a long time as "Trochus podolicus" was described by Dubois
de Montpereux in 1831. The original description was very short. It only indicated that
the surface of the shells is covered by something like furrows or wrinkles. The figures
are of very low quality (Dubois de Montpereux, 1831: 42, tabl. 3, fig. 1–3). Dubois
identified his species with Trochus conulus Eichwald, 1830, but, as this name is preoc-
cupied by Trochus conulus Linnaeus, 1758, he proposed the substitution name Trochus
4 O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko
Ta b l e 1. Distribution of species by locality
Ò à á ëèö à 1. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âèäîâ ïî ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿì
Gibbula podolica
(Dubois de Montpereux, 1831)
+ + + + + + + + +
G. sulcatopodolica
(Kolesnikov, 1930)
+ + + +
G. laevigatopodolica
(Kolesnikov, 1930)
+
G. bargi
O. Anistratenko, 1999
+
G. cordieriana
(Orbigny, 1844)
+
G. insperata
(Kolesnikov, 1930)
+ + + +
Calliostoma podolicoformis
(Kolesnikov, 1935)
+ +
C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844) + +
C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) +
Number of species in each locality 5 3 3 2 1 2 2 4 1 1 1
Species
Localities
Halician Gulf (West Ukraine) Borysthenian Gulf (SE Ukraine)
LET ANT TER VER SNI SUS IZA VTA VBZ MIH NIK
podolicus. E. Eichwald (1850) agreed with Dubois’ suggestion. Later (Eichwald, 1853:
220–221) he split1 Trochus podolicus into 7 “variétés”:
1. Variétés en forme de cône alongé:
a) Trochus podolicus var. Trochus beaumontii d’Orb.
b) Trochus podolicus var. Trochus hommairei d’Orb.
2. Variétés en forme de cône déprimé:
c) Trochus podolicus Dub.
d) Trochus podolicus var. Turbo omaliusii d’Orb.
e) Trochus podolicus var. Trochus cordierianus d’Orb.
f) Trochus podolicus var. Turbo beaumontii d’Orb.
g) Trochus podolicus var. caucasica”.
Further, Ì. Hörnes included Trochus anceps Eichwald, 1850 and Trochus sannio
Eichwald, 1853 in the synonymy of Trochus podolicus, but gave drawings of very insuf-
ficient quality (Hörnes, 1856: pl. 45, fig. 2, a-c). W. Friedberg (1928) attributed Tro-
chus anceps and Trochus sannio as separate species to Calliostoma.
Sarmatian “Trochidae” from Moldova and Ukraine have been studied in details by
V. P. Kolesnikov (1930). He distinguished, beside the nominotypical form, “varieties”
of “Trochus podolicus” on the basis of sculpture characters and shell shape analysis:
var. laevigatopodolicus Kolesnikov, 1930, var. sulcatopodolicus Kolesnikov, 1930, var.
hommairei Orbigny, 1844, var. caucasica Eichwald, 1853.
5A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs…
Fig. 1. Localities in West and South Ukraine mentioned in this paper (with abbreviations used).
Ðèñ. 1. Ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿ â Çàïàäíîé è Þæíîé Óêðàèíå, óïîìèíàåìûå â òåêñòå (ñ ïðèíÿòûìè
ñîêðàùåíèÿìè).
1 All these “varieties” are currently considered as species, some of which (beaumontii, hommairei,
caucasica) are placed in Calliostoma, others (cordierianus) in Gibbula. V. P. Kolesnikov (1935) attributed
Trochus podolicus var. Turbo omaliusii d’Orb to Barbotella. Calliostoma caucasica (Eichwald, 1853) is not
discussed here, as it belongs to another species group than “podolica”. Altogether in the present paper we
discuss not all Trochoidea species of the Sarmatian, but only part of them, i.e. belonging to the “Trochus
podolicus” group.
In his later monograph, V. P. Kolesnikov (1935) raised all aforementioned varieties
to species rank. Still later, V. P. Kolesnikov (1939) allocated these species between the
genera Gibbula and Calliostoma. In these genera V. P. Kolesnikov proposed several sec-
tions, viz. in Gibbula, Robur (type species Trochus robur Davidashvili, 1932), Rollandiana
(type species Trochus rollandianus Orbigny, 1844) and Pictiformes (type species Mono-
donta mamilla Andrzejowski, 1830); and in Calliostoma s. str., Sarmates (type species
Trochus sarmates Eichwald, 1850), Feneoniana (type species Trochus feneonianus Orbi-
gny, 1844), Anceps (type species Trochus anceps Eichwald, 1850). A description of these
sections was not given by V. P. Kolesnikov, but species were attributed to them, and type
species were designated. I. A. Korobkov (1955) kept most of the sections proposed by
V. P. Kolesnikov. V. P. Kolesnikov (1930) had regarded Trochus cordierianus and Tro-
chus omaliusii as closely related to Trochus podolicus. To Trochus omaliusii he attributed
some varieties, which he later (Kolesnikov, 1935) raised to species rank, and simultane-
ously moved them to the genus Barbotella Cossmann, 1918.
These publications practically exhaust the works of a systematic character devoted
to this group of ‘trochids’. Recently the species conglomerate of “Trochus podolicus”
was divided into the Gibbula podolica (= “Trochus podolicus” s. str.) Group and the
Calliostoma podolicoformis Group (Anistratenko, 1999, 2000). As the figure of Trochus
podolicus s. str., which corresponds best to the original and subsequent descriptions, we
accept the figure of the shell represented by V. P. Kolesnikov (1930: tabl. 1, fig. 30).
Because V. P. Kolesnikov never designated types for his species, the lectotypes for
four Kolesnikov’s species were selected and designated by O. Anistratenko (1999, 2000)
on the basis of images according to article 74.4 ICZN (1999). O. Anistratenko (1999)
designated the lectotypes for two Gibbula species, and in 2000 she also designated the
lectotypes for two Calliostoma species (tabl. 2).
Class GASTROPODA Cuvier, 1767
Superfamily TROCHOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815
Family TROCHIDAE Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Gibbula Risso, 1826
Gibbula podolica (Dubois de Montpereux, 1831) (fig. 2, 1 a, 1 b; fig. 3, 1 a, 1 b)
Syn.: — conulus Eichwald, 1830: 221 (Trochus) [non Linnaeus 1758]; — podolicus Dubois de Montpéreux,
1831: 42, pl. 3, fig. 1–3 (Trochus) [nom. nov. pro Trochus conulus Eichwald, 1830]; — podolica Dubois de
Montpéreux — Kolesnikov, 1939: 702 (Calliostoma); — podolica Dubois de Montpéreux — Anistratenko,
1999: 68–70, fig. 2 a, b (Gibbula).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 6 (LET); 9 (ANT); 13 (TER); 1 (VER); 1 (SNI); 1 (IZA); 22 (VTA);
2 (VBZ); 1 (MIH).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell large, sturdy, peg-top shaped, with 6–7 stepped whorls.
Protoconch of up to 1,5 smooth, convex whorls. Initial whorls of the teleoconch with
6 O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko
Ta b l e 2. Lectotypes for species assigneted to "Trochus podolicus" group
Òà á ëèö à 2. Ëåêòîòèïû âèäîâ ãðóïïû «Trochus podolicus»
Gibbula sulcatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930) Kolesnikov, 1930, pl. 2, fig. 54
(Trochus podolicus var. sulcatopodolica)
Gibbula laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930) Kolesnikov, 1930, pl. 2, fig. 46
(T. podolicus var. laevigatopodolica)
Calliostoma podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935) Kolesnikov, 1935, pl. 23, fig. 1
(Trochus podolicoformis)
Calliostoma pseudohommairei (Kolesnikov, 1935) Kolesnikov, 1935, pl. 23, fig. 15
(Trochus pseudohommairei)
Species Original shell images
7A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs…
Fig. 2. Shells of the "Trochus podolicus" group species: 1 a, 1 b — Gibbula podolica (1 a — shell from
Borysthenian Gulf, 1 b — from Halician Gulf); 2 — G. sulcatopodolica; 3 — G. laevigatopodolica; 4 — G. bargi
(holotype); 5 — G. insperata; 6 — G. cordieriana; 7 — Calliostoma podolicoformis; 8 — C. beaumontii; 9 —
C. hommairei; 10 — C. pseudohommairei. Figures 1–9 — original drawings, 10 — after Kolesnikov (1935).
Ðèñ. 2. Ðàêîâèíû âèäîâ ãðóïïû «Trochus podolicus»: 1 a, 1 b — Gibbula podolica (1 a — ðàêîâèíà èç
Áîðèñôåíñêîãî çàëèâà, 1 b — èç Ãàëèöèéñêîãî çàëèâà); 2 — G. sulcatopodolica; 3 — G. laevigatopodolica;
4 — G. bargi (ãîëîòèï); 5 — G. insperata; 6 — G. cordieriana; 7 — Calliostoma podolicoformis; 8 — C.
beaumontii; 9 — C. hommairei; 10 — C. pseudohommairei. Ôèãóðû 1–9 — îðèãèíàëüíûå ðèñóíêè, 10 —
ïî Êîëåñíèêîâó (1935).
8 O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko
Fig. 3. Shells of the "Trochus podolicus" group species: 1 a, 1 b — Gibbula podolica (1 a — shell of
Borysthenian Gulf, 1 b — of Halician Gulf); 2 — G. sulcatopodolica; 3 — G. laevigatopodolica; 4 a, 4 b —
G. bargi (4 a — holotype, 4 b — paratype); 5 — G. insperata; 6 — G. cordieriana; 7 — Calliostoma
podolicoformis; 8 — C. beaumontii; 9 — C. hommairei.
Ðèñ. 3. Ðàêîâèíû ìîëëþñêîâ ãðóïïû «Trochus podolicus»: 1 a, 1 b — Gibbula podolica (1 a — ðàêîâèíà
èç Áîðèñôåíñêîãî çàëèâà, 1 b — èç Ãàëèöèéñêîãî çàëèâà); 2 — G. sulcatopodolica; 3 — G. laevigatopodo-
lica; 4 — G. bargi (4 a — ãîëîòèï, 4 b — ïàðàòèï); 5 — G. insperata; 6 — G. cordieriana; 7 — Calliostoma
podolicoformis; 8 — C. beaumontii; 9 — C. hommairei.
3–5 spiral ribs, grading into 5 thick ribs with large tubercles. Between the ribs are fre-
quently very fine spiral threads. Between the suture and the upper keel (formed by a
stronger developed spiral row of tubercles) a subhorizontal shoulder is formed, on
which frequently there is an additional row of tubercles. Abapical keel strongly devel-
oped, with rounded tubercles. Apical angle 70–75º, the tangent-line (= “profile of
spire” of some authors) straight or slightly convex. Basis of the last whorl convex, cov-
ered by 4–6 smooth or slightly tuberculate spiral ribs, sometimes with spiral threads
between them. Aperture ovate, in juveniles angular where crossed with keel.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). Height of shell (HS) — up to 31; width of shell (WS) —
up to 28; height of the last (body) whorl (HBW) — up to 26; height of aperture (HA) —
up to 18; width of aperture (WA) — up to 18; no. of whorls (NW) — up to 7.
Rema r k s. The shells from western localities in Ukraine are larger than those from
the south.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Very common species in the entire area of Middle Sarmatian de-
posits — from Central Europe (including Vienna Basin) to Mangyshlak (Kazakhstan).
Gibbula sulcatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930) (fig. 2, 2; 3, 2)
Syn.: — podolicus Orbigny, 1844: 445, pl. 3, fig. 15, 16 (Trochus) [non Dubois de Montpéreux 1831]; —
podolicus Dubois var. sulcatopodolicus Kolesnikov, 1930 a: 52–55, tabl. 2, fig. 49–55 (Trochus); —
sulcatopodolicus — Kolesnikov, 1935: 169, tabl. 23, fig. 3–6 (Trochus); — sulcatopodolica — Kolesnikov, 1939:
702 (Calliostoma); — sulcatopodolicus Kolesnikov — Korobkov, 1955: tabl. 7, fig. 2, 3 Gibbula (Gibbula, sect.
Robur); — sulcatopodolica Kolesnikov — Zelinskaya et al., 1968: 114, tabl. 30, fig. 15 (Astele); —
sulcatopodolica Kolesnikov — Anistratenko, 1999: 70, fig. 2 c (Gibbula).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 1 (LET); 2 (TER); 1 (ANT); 8 (VTA).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell relatively large, sturdy with 6–7 stepped whorls. Sculpture
similar to that of Gibbula podolica. Apical angle 90–95º, the tangent-line straight or
slightly convex. Basis of the last whorl convex with 4–6 smooth or tuberculate thick
spiral ribs. Aperture ovate-quadrangular, slightly extended horizontally. Abapical keel
very broad and high, rounded, tubercles obsolete.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). HS — up to 31; WS — up to 31; HBW — up to 25;
HA — up to 13,7; WA — up to 18; NW — up to 7.
Rema r k s. Differs from Gibbula podolica in having a lower spire and from G. bargi
by its higher spire.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. As for Gibbula podolica.
Gibbula laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930) (fig. 2, 3; 3, 3)
Syn.: — laevigatopodolicus Kolesnikov, 1930 a: 50, tabl. 2, fig. 41–48 (Trochus podolicus Dubois de
Montpéreux var.); — laevigatopodolica — Kolesnikov, 1939: 702 (Calliostoma); — laevigatopodolica
Kolesnikov — Anistratenko, 1999: 70–71, fig. 2 e (Gibbula).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 3 (LET).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell large, relatively high, thick-walled with 6–7 slightly convex,
weakly stepped whorls. Protoconch of up to 1,5 smooth, convex whorls. Initial whorls
of the teleoconch with 4–5 spiral ribs, which become stronger on later whorls and are
covered by large tubercles. The whorls have keels near the adapical and abapical
sutures, which in the last whorl become rounded. Apical angle about 60º, the tangent-
line straight or slightly convex. Basis of the last whorl covered by 3–4 thick and broad
spiral ribs with very low tubercles. Aperture oblique, ovately quadrangular, more angu-
lar in juvenile individuals. Umbilicus closed or rarely slit-like.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). HS — up to 32; WS — up to 29; HBW — up to 21;
HA — up to 10; WA — up to 10; NW — up to 7.
9A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs…
Rema r k s. The shell of Gibbula laevigatopodolica has the highest spire of all
Gibbula species discussed here. This species is here reported from the western Ukraine
for the first time; it was noted only from Moldova before (Kolesnikov 1930, 1935).
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Middle Sarmatian of Western Ukraine and Moldova.
Gibbula bargi O. Anistratenko, 1999 (fig. 2, 4; 3, 4 a, 4 b)
Syn.: — bargi O. Anistratenko, 1999: 71, fig. 2 d (Gibbula).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. Holotype (N 1/99) and paratype (N 2/99) (both VTA).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell of moderate size, sturdy, peg-top shaped with 5–6 stepped
whorls with deep sutures. Height of shell is almost equal to width. Last whorl very large;
its height is about 0.85 of the height of the shell. The protoconch consists of 1–1.5
smooth whorls. Periphery of initial 1–1.5 whorls of teleoconch rounded, then with two
rounded keels. The abapical one is usually covered by the suture and is seen only in the
free part of the last whorl. The sculpture is typical for the “Trochus podolicus” group,
i. e. with 5–6 spiral ribs, which from the third or fourth teleoconch whorl onwards dis-
solve into rows of round tubercles. Apical angle about 110º, the tangent-line slightly
concave. Basis of the last whorl convex, covered by 6 spiral ribs, which are smooth or
covered with flattened tubercles, and have sometimes fine spirals intercalated between
them. The entire surface of the teleoconch is covered by very fine growth lines. Aperture
ovately quadrangular, with its long axis oriented slightly oblique to the spiral axis. The
parietal margin forms a distinct flap, which almost covers the deep slit-like umbilicus.
Where the periostracum is peeled off, the brightly coloured nacre layer repeats the gen-
eral characters of surface sculpture.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). Holotype. HS — 12.3; WS — 11.7; HBW — 10.5;
HA — 8.0; WA — 6.0; NW — 5. Paratype: HS — 14.3; WS — 14.0; HBW — 12.0;
HA — 10.0; WA — 7.5; NW — 5.75.
E t ymo l o g y. The species named in honour of famous Ukrainian palaeontologist
and geologist Prof. Igor. M. Barg (Dnepropetrovsk University) who kindly provided
type material.
R ema r k s. Differs from all species of this group by its highest rate of whorl
growth, lowest spire, biggest apical angle and concave tangent line.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. This species is known only from the type locality — outcrop on
the bank of Kakhowsky reservoir near Vishchetarasovka village, Tomakovka district,
Dnepropetrovsk region.
Gibbula insperata (Kolesnikov, 1930) (fig. 2, 5; 3, 5)
Syn.: — insperatus Kolesnikov, 1930 b: 146, tabl. 3, fig. 19–23 (Trochus); — insperata Kolesnikov, 1939: 702
(Calliostoma); — insperata Kolesnikov — Korobkov, 1955: 105 (Calliostoma (Astele, sect. Insperata)); —
insperatus Kolesnikov — Korobkov, 1955: tabl. 7, fig. 4, 5 (Gibbula (Gibbula, sect. Robur)); — insperata
Kolesnikov — Zelinskaya et al., 1968: 108, tabl. 29, fig. 10 (Gibbula).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 3 (LET); 7 (SUS); 4 (TER); 3 (IZA).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell rather high-conical with 6–7 initially rounded, then distinct-
ly stepped whorls. Sculpture is very similar to Gibbula podolica. Apical angle about 55º,
the tangent-line straight or slightly convex, becoming concave in very large specimens.
Basis of the last whorl flattened, covered by 6–7 flattened broad spiral, sometimes
tuberculate, ribs. Aperture ovately-quadrangular, inner lip covers a slit-like umbilicus.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). HS — up to 27; WS — up to 25; HBW — up to 19;
HA — up to 11; WA — up to 12; NW — up to 7.
Rema r k s. Gibbula insperata combines characters of some Gibbula and Calliosto-
ma, nevertheless we include it into Gibbula group, though its relationship with other
10 O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko
gibbulas is still obscure yet. It differs from Gibbula podolica in having a very high spire,
from Calliostoma podolicoformis by sharp-marked stepped whorls.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Middle Sarmatian of Western Ukraine and Moldova (deposits of
sublittoral zone).
Gibbula cordieriana (Orbigny, 1844) (fig. 2, 6; 3, 6)
Syn.: — cordierianus Orbigny, 1844: 448, pl. 2, fig. 9–12 (Trochus); — carinula Eichwald, 1853:
235–236, pl. 9, fig. 24 (Turbo); — cordieriana Orbigny — Kolesnikov, 1939: 702 (Calliostoma); — cordieriana
Orbigny — Zelinskaya et al., 1968: 116, tabl. 31, fig. 5 (Calliostoma); — cordieriana Orbigny — Anistratenko,
1999: 72, fig. 2 f (Gibbula).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 1 (NIK).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell of moderate to large size, with 6–7 stepped whorls. Sculp-
ture with moderately broad spiral ribs crossed by irregular fine growth lines; tubercles
absent. Adapical and abapical keels clearly developed. Basis of the last whorl rather
convex, covered by spiral ribs. Aperture ovately quadrangular, outer lip thin whereas the
inner one is thickened and into forms a column covering the umbilicus partially. Um-
bilicus slit-like.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm): HS — up to 31; WS — up to 30; HBW — up to 24;
HA — up to 15; WA — up to 15; NW — up to 7.
Rema r k s. Kolesnikov (1935) considered Gibbula cordieriana an ancestral form of
the “Trochus podolicus” group; a very wide natural habitat of this species is consistent
with this supposition. Both species lived in Middle Sarmatian; Kolesnikov probably
regarded the development of the sculpture as more primitive than that of G. podolica.
Shells of G. cordieriana differ from G. podolica by lacking tubercles on the spiral ribs
and in having a thinner apertural margin.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Middle Sarmatian of Western Ukraine and Moldova. We found
it in southern Ukraine for the first time; it was known before only from Moldova and
Crimea (Kolesnikov, 1935 a. o.).
Family CALLIOSTOMATIDAE Thiele, 1924
Genus Calliostoma Swainson, 1840
The main characters differentiating these species from previous are: 1) compara-
tively higher shell shape and 2) comparatively smaller elements of sculpture.
Calliostoma podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935) (fig. 2, 7; 3, 7)
Syn.: — podolicoformis Kolesnikov, 1935: 166–168, tabl. 23, fig. 1, 2 (Trochus); — podolicoformis —
Kolesnikov, 1939: 702 (Calliostoma); — podolicoformis Kolesnikov — Korobkov, 1955: 105 (Calliostoma
(Astele, sect. Insperata)); — podolicoformis Kolesnikov — Zelinskaya et al., 1968: 113 (Astele).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 7 (LET); 2 (SUS).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell of moderate to large size, conical with 6–7 whorls. Sculpture
in general features and habitus is similar to that of the previous species group. Apical angle
about 60º, the tangent-line straight or slightly concave. Basis of the last whorl flatted with
4–5 thick weakly tuberculated spiral ribs. Aperture ovately quadrangular, inner lip covers
partly or completely the slit-like umbilicus. Color brownish with white tubercles.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). HS — up to 30; WS — up to 21; HBW — up to 20;
HA — up to 10; WA — up to 11; NW — up to 7.5–8.
Rema r k s. Shells of Calliostoma podolicoformis differ from those of C. pseudohom-
mairei in having a larger apical angle and more clearly developed sculpture. This species
has been found in Middle Sarmatian deposits for the first time, having been known only
from the Early Sarmatian before (Kolesnikov, 1930, 1935). There are clear differences
11A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs…
between Middle Sarmatian and Early Sarmatian specimens; the Middle Sarmatian pop-
ulations have larger, sturdier and more massive shells with a greater number of whorls
than the Early Sarmatian ones. We suggest these differences were caused by differences
in environmental conditions in the Halician Gulf in different time periods.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Early and Middle Sarmatian of western Ukraine (deposits of the
sublittoral zone).
Calliostoma beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844) (fig. 2, 8; 3, 8)
Syn.: — beaumontii Orbigny, 1844: 447, pl. 2, fig. 6–8 (Trochus); — beaumontii Orbigny — Zelinskaya et al.,
1968: 115, tabl. 30, fig. 23 (Calliostoma).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 1 (VER); 1 (VTA).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell large, massive, broadly conical with 7–8 whorls. Protoconch
of up to 1, 5 convex whorls, smooth. On the first whorl of the teleoconch appear 5 rel-
atively thick spiral ribs, which during growth grade into 6–7 rows of big tubercles.
Simultaneously the periphery of the whorls becomes flat and the adapical spiral rib
transforms into a keel. Apical angle 88º, the tangent-line straight or slightly concave.
Basis of the last whorl flat, covered by 6–7 spiral ribs. Aperture ovately quadrangular,
inner lip thickened and bent towards the slit-like umbilicus. Background color brown-
ish with white tubercles.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). HS — up to 36; WS — up to 33; HBW — up to 29;
HA — up to 15; WA — up to 18; NW — up to 8.
Rema r k s. Shells of this species differ from all other Calliostoma discussed here
in having the largest apical angle. This species has been found in southern Ukraine for
the first time; it was known before only from western Ukraine (Kolesnikov, 1930,
1935). As is the case with all other Trochoidea, specimens of C. beaumontii from the
Borysthenian Gulf are smaller than those from the Halician Gulf (Anistratenko, 1999).
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Middle Sarmatian of western and southern Ukraine.
Calliostoma hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) (fig. 2, 9; 3, 9)
Syn.: — hommairei Orbigny, 1844: 445, pl. 2, fig. 1, 2 (Trochus); — hommairei Orbigny — Kolesnikov, 1930 a:
53, tabl. 2, fig. 58–65 (Trochus podolicus Dubois de Montpéreux var.).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. 1 (ANT).
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell large, broadly conical with 5–6 whorls. Protoconch of up to
1, 5 smooth convex whorls. Sculpture similar to that of Calliostoma beaumontii, but the
tubercles are smoother. Apical angle about 70º, the tangent-line straight or slightly con-
cave, near the apex slightly convex. Basis of the last whorl flattened with 3–4 broad,
weakly tuberculated spiral ribs, sometimes smooth. Aperture ovately quadrangular,
inner lip thickened and bent towards the slit-like or closed umbilicus.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). HS — up to 35; WS — up to 31; HBW — up to 24;
HA — up to 12; WA — up to 14; NW — up to 6.
Rema r k s. Differs from C. beaumonti in having a smaller apical angle and a more
flattened base of the last whorl. This species has been found in western Ukraine for the
first time, it was only noted from Moldova before (Kolesnikov, 1930, 1935). The shells
from Podolia (i. e. from all western Ukraine localities) possess a well-developed sculp-
ture of the “Trochus podolicus” type, but all parameters of shell tube growth (“Raup’s
parameters”) are exactly as in specimens of C. hommairei from Kishinev where shells
are lacking almost any sculptural elements.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Middle Sarmatian of western Ukraine and Moldova.
12 O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko
Calliostoma pseudohommairei (Kolesnikov, 1935) (fig. 2, 10)
Syn.: — pseudohommairei Kolesnikov, 1935: 170–171, tabl. 23, fig. 14, 15 (Trochus); — pseudohommaieri
Kolesnikov — Kolesnikov, 1939: 702 (Calliostoma); — pseudohommaieri Kolesnikov — Zelinskaya et al.,
1968: 119, tabl. 32, fig. 1 (Calliostoma).
Ma t e r i a l e x am in ed. None.
De s c r i p t i o n. Shell slender, high-conical with 7–8 regularly growing whorls.
Sculpture similar to that of other species of this group, but abapical spiral strongly
thickened. Adapical row of tubercles forms a weak keel. Apical angle about 50º, the tan-
gent-line straight. Base of the last whorl flat or sometimes slightly convex with 5–6
thick spiral ribs. Aperture irregularly quadrangular, inner edge thickened and bent
towards the slit-like umbilicus. Background color white, patterned with narrow brown
axial stripes.
Mea s u r emen t s (in mm). HS — up to 40; WS — up to 33; HBW — up to 24;
HA — up to 10; WA — up to 10; NW — up to 8.
Rema r k s. Differs from all other species by its most slender shell (apical angle
about 50º) and the much flattened or slightly convex base of the last whorl.
D i s t r i b u t i o n. Middle Sarmatian of western Ukraine (Kolesnikov, 1930 a, b,
1935 a. o.).
Paleogeography and interpopulation variation
The distributional data now available show that G. podolica, G. cordieriana, G. sul-
catopodolica and C. beaumontii had in Middle Sarmatian time a wide area of distribu-
tion and lived in both the western, more marine Halician Gulf, and in the south-east-
ern, less saline Borysthenian Gulf.
In two of those species (G. podolica and G. sulcatopodolica, represented in our col-
lection by more that single specimens) which occur in the entire area of Sarmatian
deposits of the Ukraine (tabl. 3), we noted a clearly expressed interpopulation variabil-
ity. The adult sizes of Halician populations are much larger than those of Borysthenian
ones (fig. 2, 3). The adult specimens differ not only by a greater number of whorls (up
to 7–7.5), but also by thicker shells with more massive sculpture elements. In samples
from southern Ukraine all species have a smaller number of whorls (5–6), and accord-
ingly smaller sizes, rather thin-walled shells and a weaker, more delicate sculpture. In
all samples from western Ukraine the protoconch is larger than in samples of the same
species from southern Ukraine. The reduced size of the species from the “Trochus
13A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs…
Ta b l e 3. Palaeogeography of the "Trochus podolicus" species group in Sarmatian deposits of Ukraine
Ò à á ëèö à 3. Ïàëåîãåîãðàôè÷åñêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå âèäîâ ãðóïïû «Trochus podolicus» â ñàðìàòñêèõ
îòëîæåíèÿõ Óêðàèíû
Gibbula podolica (Dubois de Montpereux, 1831) + +
G. sulcatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930) + +
G. laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930) +
G. bargi O. Anistratenko, 1999 +
G. cordieriana (Orbigny, 1844) + +
G. insperata (Kolesnikov, 1930) +
Calliostoma podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935) +
C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844) + +
C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) +
C. pseudohommairei (Kolesnikov, 1935) +
Total number of species 9 5
Species
Halician Gulf
(West Ukraine)
Borysthenian Gulf
(SE Ukraine)
podolicus” species conglomerate which inhabited the Borysthenian Gulf is statistically
significant, as shown by L. S. Belokrys (1963) on a large material.
Interpopulation differences in the sizes of the protoconch may be explained by
variable amounts of lecithin in the egg capsules, which determines the size of the larva.
The lecithin content, in its turn, depends on the environmental conditions to which the
parents were exposed (Fretter, Graham, 1963 a. o.).
The interpopulation differences discussed are very characteristic for almost all
widely distributed species (at least in Trochoidean gastropods) which have been stud-
ied. This fact proves that in the Halician Gulf, especially in a zone of Bryozoan reefs,
there were optimal conditions for existence of these and others gastropods (Kolesnikov,
1935; Simionescu, Barbu, 1940; Anistratenko, 2000 a. o.).
Beside the widely distributed species there were others with a more limited distri-
bution, viz. Gibbula laevigatopodolica, G. insperata, Calliostoma podolicoformis, C. hom-
mairei, C. pseudohommairei in the Halician Gulf only, and G. bargi, which was not yet
found outside the Borysthenian Gulf.
Our observations on species occurring in the Halician Gulf only, show that shells
of Gibbula laevigatopodolica and Calliostoma hommairei from Kishinev were smooth or
nearly smooth but the shells from Podolia and Southern Ukraine usually have a well
expressed sculpture. This regularity suggests the existence of sharp local variations of the
ecological conditions in Middle Sarmatian time in the southern and northern parts of
the Halician Gulf.
The different species assemblages (tabl. 3) and interpopulation variability confirm
that in Middle-Sarmatian times ecological conditions differed in the Halician and
Borysthenian Gulfs of the Eastern Paratethys.
The study of our materials and analysis of relevant published data enabled us to
reconstruct the most probable phylogenetic relationships within the groups discussed
14 O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko
Fig. 4. Possible phylogenetic relationships within the “Trochus podolicus” species group.
Ðèñ. 4. Âåðîÿòíûå ôèëîãåíåòè÷åñêèå îòíîøåíèÿ â ãðóïï âèäîâ «Trochus podolicus».
(fig. 4). We reconstruct the phylogeny only by visual analysis and comparison of the
similarities of traditional shell characters. The border between Early Sarmatian (S1) and
Middle Sarmatian (S2) is conditionally shown.
We would like to thank Prof. Igor M. Barg (Dnepropetrovsk National University), Drs. Tatyana V.
Shevchenko and Valentin A. Prisjazhnuk (both Institute of Geological Science, Kyiv) who provided part of
the material on which this report is based. Special thanks to Dietrich Kadolsky (Great Britain) and Dr. D. W.
Taylor (Eugene, Oregon, USA) for correction of the English and useful comments on the manuscript. The
investigation was partly supported by Paleontological Society International Research Program — Sepkoski
Grants 2002 (Grant RGO–1337–XX–02).
Anistratenko O. Yu. Taxonomical revision of Middle-Sarmatian molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” group
(Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Trochidae) with the description of one new species // Geologicheskij
Zhurnal. — 1999. — N 4. — P. 66–73. — Russian.
Anistratenko O. Yu. Sarmatian mollusks of the group Calliostoma podolicoformis (Gastropoda,
Calliostomatidae): taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution and stratigraphic significance // Geologicheskij
Zhurnal. — 2000. — N 1. — P. 82–86. — Russian.
Belokrys L. S. Stratigraphy and fauna of molluscs of the Sarmatian deposits of the Borysthenian Gulf :
Dissertacija kandidata geologo-mineralogièeskich nauk. — Krivoj Rog, 1963. — 332 p. — Russian.
Dubois de Montpereux F. Conchyliologie fossile et aperçu géognostique des formations du plateau
Wolhyni–Podolien. — Berlin : Schropp and Companie, 1831. — 86 p.
Eichwald E. Naturhistorische Skizze von Litthauen, Volhynien und Podolien in geognostischer,
mineralogischer, botanischer und zoologischer Hinsicht. — Wilna, 1830. — 256 S.
Eichwald E. Paleontology of Russia. Description of molassian and washed faces. — St. Petersburg, 1850. —
284 p. — Russian.
Eichwald E. Lethaea Rossica ou Paléontologie de la Russie. Vol. 3: Derniere période. — Stuttgart : Libr. et
Impr. de E. Schweitzerbart, 1853. — 518 p. + Atlas 14 pl.
Fretter V., Graham A. British Prosobranch Mollusca: their functional anatomy and ecology. — London, 1963
(1962). — 755 p. + XVI.
Hörnes M. Die fossilen Mollusken des Tertia �r-Beckens von Wien. I. Univalven // Abhandlungen der
kaiserlich-koeniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt. — Wien, 1856. — Bd. 3, N 9. — S. 417–537 +
Atlas 52 Taf.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature : ICZN. Fourth Edition adopted by the International
Union of Biological Sciences. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. — London,
1999. — xxix + 306 p.
Kolesnikov V. P. On Sarmatian representatives of the family Trochidae // Trudy geologicheskogo Museja
Akademii Nauk SSSR. — 1930 a. — 6. — P. 37–67 + 4 pl. — Russian.
Kolesnikov V. P. On Sarmatian representatives of the family Trochidae (Tr. papilla — Tr. insperatus) // Trudy
geologicheskogo Museja Akademii Nauk SSSR. — 1930 b. — 7. — P. 129–151 + 3 pl. — Russian.
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Russian.
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Ser. — 1939. — 25 (8). — P. 701–704. — Russian.
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d’Orbigny A. D. Paléontologie du voyage de M. Hommaire de Hell. — Paris, 1844. — P. 419–491.
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15A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs…
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-3304 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:34:46Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Anistratenko, O.Yu. Anistratenko, V.V. 2009-07-06T14:22:58Z 2009-07-06T14:22:58Z 2005 A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) / O. Yu. Anistratenko, V. V. Anistratenko // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 3. — С. 3–15. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/3304 564.329“6235”(477) The Middle to Late Miocene (Sarmatian) species of the “Trochus podolicus” group are a heterogeneous assemblage which is here divided in the Gibbula podolica group (6 species) and Calliostoma podolicoformis group (4 species), in the families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae, respectively. New data on the biostratigraphy of C. podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935) and on the biogeography of G. laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930), G. cordieriana (Orbigny, 1844), C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) and C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844) are given. A phylogenetic scheme reflecting the relationships of the species discussed here is proposed. Interpopulation differences for some species are described; they are interpreted as a result of palaeo-environmental differences between the Halician and Borysthenian Gulfs of the Sarmatian Sea. Средне–позднемиоценовые (сарматские) виды группы «Trochus podolicus» являются гетерогенным конгломератом видов, который подразделен здесь на группы Gibbula podolica (6 видов) и Calliostoma podolicoformis (4 вида) в составе семейств Trochidae и Calliostomatidae соответственно. Приведены новые данные по биостратиграфии C. podolicoformis (Kolesnikov, 1935) и биогеографии G. laevigatopodolica (Kolesnikov, 1930), G. cordieriana (Orbigny, 1844), C. hommairei (Orbigny, 1844) и C. beaumontii (Orbigny, 1844). Предложена филогенетическая схема, отражающая родственные связи обсуждаемых видов. Описаны межпопуляционные отличия некоторых видов; они интерпретируются как результат различия палеоэкологических условий в Галицийском и Борисфенском заливах Сарматского моря. en Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) Oбзор сарматских моллюсков группы «Trochus podolicus» (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) Anistratenko, O.Yu. Anistratenko, V.V. |
| title | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) |
| title_alt | Oбзор сарматских моллюсков группы «Trochus podolicus» (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) |
| title_full | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) |
| title_fullStr | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) |
| title_short | A Survey of Sarmatian Molluscs of the “Trochus podolicus” Group (Gastropoda, Trochoidea) |
| title_sort | survey of sarmatian molluscs of the “trochus podolicus” group (gastropoda, trochoidea) |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/3304 |
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