The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae)
Parasitic nematode Rhabdias globocephala Kung et Wu, 1945 previously known only from the type host, Microhyla ornata from China, is described from a new host, Buergeria pollicaris (Werner, 1914). Differention of the species from closely related R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 is amended based on the...
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Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2005
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| Цитувати: | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) / Yu. I. Kuzmin // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 4. — С. 9–14. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860069546913693696 |
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| author | Kuzmin, Yu.I. |
| author_facet | Kuzmin, Yu.I. |
| citation_txt | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) / Yu. I. Kuzmin // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 4. — С. 9–14. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| description | Parasitic nematode Rhabdias globocephala Kung et Wu, 1945 previously known only from the type host, Microhyla ornata from China, is described from a new host, Buergeria pollicaris (Werner, 1914). Differention of the species from closely related R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 is amended based on the shape of anterior cuticular swelling, buccal capsule position, and relative length of oesophagus. The differentiation of R. globocephala from 4 sympatric species of the genus: R. bicornis Lu, 1934, R. bufonis (Schrank, 1788), R. incerta Wilkie, 1930 and R. nipponica Yamaguti, 1935 is also provided.
Паразитическая нематода Rhabdias globocephala Kung et Wu, 1945, ранее известная только от типового хозяина, Microhyla ornata из Китая, описыва¬ется по коллекционному материалу от нового хозяина — Buergeria pollicaris (Werner, 1914). До¬полнена дифференциация вида от морфологически близкого R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 на основании различий в форме кутикулярного вздутия на переднем конце тела, положению рото¬вой капсулы и относительной длине пищевода. Также приводятся отличия R. globocephala от четырех симпатрических видов рода — R. bicornis Lu, 1934, R. bufonis (Schrank, 1788), R. incerta Wilkie, 1930 и R. nipponica Yamaguti, 1935.
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UDC 595.132
THE DESCRIPTION OF RHABDIAS GLOBOCEPHALA
(NEMATODA, RHABDIASIDAE) FROM THE NEW HOST
BUERGERIA POLLICARIS (AMPHIBIA, RHACOPHORIDAE)
Yu. I. Kuzmin
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of Ukraine, vul. B. Khmelnits’kogo, 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: rhabdias@voliacable.com
Accepted 11 November 2004
The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria
pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae). Kuzmin Yu. I. — Parasitic nematode Rhabdias globocephala Kung
et Wu, 1945 previously known only from the type host, Microhyla ornata from China, is described from
a new host, Buergeria pollicaris (Werner, 1914). Differention of the species from closely related R. spha-
erocephala Goodey, 1924 is amended based on the shape of anterior cuticular swelling, buccal capsule
position, and relative length of oesophagus. The differentiation of R. globocephala from 4 sympatric
species of the genus: R. bicornis Lu, 1934, R. bufonis (Schrank, 1788), R. incerta Wilkie, 1930 and
R. nipponica Yamaguti, 1935 is also provided.
Ke y wo r d s: Rhabdias, R. globocephala, Buergeria pollicaris, Rhacophoridae, Microhylidae.
Îïèñàíèå Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) îò íîâîãî õîçÿèíà — Buergeria pollicaris
(Amphibia, Rhacophoridae). Êóçüìèí Þ. È. — Ïàðàçèòè÷åñêàÿ íåìàòîäà Rhabdias globocephala Kung
et Wu, 1945, ðàíåå èçâåñòíàÿ òîëüêî îò òèïîâîãî õîçÿèíà, Microhyla ornata èç Êèòàÿ, îïèñûâà-
åòñÿ ïî êîëëåêöèîííîìó ìàòåðèàëó îò íîâîãî õîçÿèíà — Buergeria pollicaris (Werner, 1914). Äî-
ïîëíåíà äèôôåðåíöèàöèÿ âèäà îò ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêè áëèçêîãî R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 íà
îñíîâàíèè ðàçëè÷èé â ôîðìå êóòèêóëÿðíîãî âçäóòèÿ íà ïåðåäíåì êîíöå òåëà, ïîëîæåíèþ ðîòî-
âîé êàïñóëû è îòíîñèòåëüíîé äëèíå ïèùåâîäà. Òàêæå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ îòëè÷èÿ R. globocephala îò
÷åòûðåõ ñèìïàòðè÷åñêèõ âèäîâ ðîäà — R. bicornis Lu, 1934, R. bufonis (Schrank, 1788), R. incerta
Wilkie, 1930 è R. nipponica Yamaguti, 1935.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Rhabdias, R. globocephala, Buergeria pollicaris, Rhacophoridae, Microhylidae.
Introduction
The nematode genus Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 is a world-wide distributed group of parasitic
nematodes. Most species of the genus inhabit the lungs of amphibians. The species Rhabdias globocephala
Kung et Wu, 1945 was originally described from Microhyla ornata (Dumeril et Bibron) (Amphibia:
Microhylidae) from China (Kung, Wu, 1945). The first and only description was fairly detailed, though
containing some inaccuracies concerning morphology of the nematode. Moreover, metrical characters were
given only for 3 specimens measured and only one illustration, the lateral view of the head end, was presen-
ted. R. globocephala was differentiated from the European species R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 on the ba-
sis of differences in oesophagus and tail absolute dimensions.
An unidentified Rhabdias sp. collected from Buergeria pollicaris (Werner) (Rhacophoridae) in China,
that is deposited in the collection of the H. W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska
State Museum (HWML), appeared to correspond morphologically to R. globocephala. The worms from the
examined sample possessed characteristic cuticular swelling on anterior end and the dilation of anterior part
of oesophagus. Investigation of the material allowed to revise the description of the species and to amend the
differential diagnosis. The results of this investigation are presented herein.
Material and methods
Material from HWML, collection N 36 567, was investigated. A sample contained 17 specimens, 15 of
which were measured. Material on several related species was used for comparative studies. It included
Vestnik zoologii, 39(4): 9–14, 2005
© Yu. I. Kuzmin, 2005
specimens of R. sphaerocephala from Bufo bufo (L.) from Eastern Europe, R. bufonis (Schrank, 1788) from
Rana arvalis Nilsson from Eastern Europe, R. nipponica Yamaguti, 1935 from Rana nigromaculata Hallowell
from Ryukyu Archipelago (Japan), R. incerta Wilkie, 1930 from Bufo gargarizans Cantor from mainland Far
East. The material on all above species is deposited in the helminthological collection of the Department of
Parasitology, Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine).
Nematodes preserved in 70% alcohol were clarified in glycerol and studied under the light microscope.
In the description of measured characters, mean value is given and followed by limits in parentheses. All
measurements are in micrometers unless otherwise indicated.
Results
Des c r i p t i o n of R. globocephala parasitic hermaphrodites from B. pollicaris
(fig. 1). Body slender, anterior end truncated, posterior end tapered. Body length 4.82
(3.18–6.88) mm, maximum width 175 (125–210). Body cuticle inflated. Cuticle at
anterior end forming distinct swelling, abrupt on anterior surface and gradually declin-
ing posteriorly (fig. 1, b). Oral opening small, round. Circumoral lips small, papillae re-
duced. Vestibulum funnel-shaped. Buccal capsule cup-like, wide and shallow, 9 (7–10)
deep and 14 (12–17) wide. Walls of buccal capsule completely surrounded by anterior
end of oesophagus. Oesophagus distinctly divided into three portions: anterior, mostly
muscular one, with somewhat dilated posterior half; comparatively narrow middle por-
tion containing ducts of oesophageal glands; and posterior bulb containing large
oesophageal gland nuclei. Muscular fibres present along the whole oesophagus, denser
in anterior portion and scattered in two posterior ones. Width of oesophagus at anteri-
or end 38 (32–42), width of muscular dilation 46 (40–50), minimum width of middle
part 35 (30–40), width of posterior bulb 76 (62–87). Oesophagus length 416 (370–510)
or 8.9 (7.4–11.8)% of body length. Nerve ring encircling oesophagus just posterior to
its muscular portion, at 148 (125–170) from oesophagus anterior end [35.7 (27.4–
40.0)% of oesophagus length]. Excretory pore situated at level of oesophagus midlength.
Excretory duct thin and short, almost straight or slightly curved ventrally. Two excre-
tory glands prominent, subventral in position, equal in size, much shorter than oesoph-
agus, their posterior ends situated behind oesophageal-intestinal junction. Two anterior
coelomocytes situated ventrally, between oesophagus posterior end and bending part of
anterior ovary. Both coelomocytes are usually spherical or ovoid, in some specimens
the anterior one is more elongated (fig. 1, f). One posterior coelomocyte situated dor-
sally, behind the level of posterior ovary bending point, between intestine and body
walls. Coelomocyte surface rough, contents granulated. Intestine wide. Anterior end of
intestine narrower than posterior bulb of oesophagus. Intestinal lumen narrow in ante-
rior part, gradually widening posteriorly. Pre-rectal muscular sphincter obvious. Rectum
short, straight, lined with thick cuticle. Genital system amphidelphic, with approxi-
mately equal limbs. Vulva (fig. 1, e) slit-like, transverse, situated 2.60 (1.86–3.56) mm
from anterior end [54.4 (49.6–58.5)% of body length]. Vulva lips reduced. Vagina
short, lined with thick cuticle. Uteri joined, tubular, straight, thin-walled. Eggs in uteri
arranged in 1 to 3 longitudinal rows, most eggs containing first-stage larvae. Number of
eggs 55 (24–95) in a sample studied. Seminal receptacles short, thick-walled. Both
limbs of genital system bending contrawards in region of ovaries’ distal parts (oocyte
growth zones or oviducts). Ovaries almost straight, with proximal ends overlapping level
of vulva. Tail conical, tapered, 188 (155–225) long [4.0 (3.0–5.0)% of body length].
Phasmids situated laterally, at about middle of tail length. Post-anal ventral inflation of
body wall present in some specimens.
D i f f e r e n t i a t i o n. Adult hermaphrodites of R. globocephala Kung et Wu, 1945
most closely resemble those of R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 in the possession of
anterior swelling of cuticle. In the latter species, however, this swelling is spherical in
10 Yu. I. Kuzmin
11The Description of Rhabdias globocephala…
Fig. 1. Rhabdias globocephala, parasitic hermaphrodite from Buergeria pollicaris: a — general view; b —
anterior end, lateral view; c — head end, apical view; d — head end, lateral view; e — region of vulva, lateral
view; f — anterior coelomocyte; g — tail, lateral view.
Ðèñ. 1. Rhabdias globocephala èç Buergeria pollicaris: a — îáùèé âèä; b — ïåðåäíèé êîíåö, ëàòåðàëüíî;
c — ãîëîâíîé êîíåö, àïèêàëüíî; d — ãîëîâíîé êîíåö, ëàòåðàëüíî; e — îáëàñòü âóëüâû, ëàòåðàëüíî;
f — ïåðåäíèé öåëîìîöèò; g — õâîñò, ëàòåðàëüíî.
12 Yu. I. Kuzmin
Fig. 2. Relationship of the oesophagus relative length (in% to body length) to total length in R. globocephala
and sympatric Rhabdias species. Data for R. bicornis were calculated as mean value from measurements given
in original description by Lu (1934).
Ðèñ. 2. Çàâèñèìîñòü îòíîñèòåëüíîé äëèíû ïèùåâîäà (â% äëèíû òåëà) îò äëèíû òåëà ó R. globocephala
è ñèìïàòðè÷åñêèõ âèäîâ Rhabdias. Äàííûå ïî R. bicornis (ñðåäíåå çíà÷åíèå) äàíû ïî îðèãèíàëüíîìó
îïèñàíèþ Lu (1934).
lateral view and distinctly separated from the remaining body cuticle (Goodey, 1924;
Kuzmin, 1997), whereas it gradually declines posteriorly in R. globocephala. In R. globo-
cephala, the buccal capsule walls are completely surrounded by oesophagus; in R. spha-
erocephala the anterior part of buccal capsule walls is free from oesophageal tissues. In
R. globocephala, the anterior end of intestine is much narrower than posterior bulb of
oesophagus (fig. 1, b); in R. sphaerocephala the anterior part of intestine is wider than
oesophageal bulb (Goodey, 1924, fig. 2; Kuzmin, 1997). R. globocephala specimens
from the material examined were smaller and possessed less numerous eggs than
R. sphaerocephala. The both species are separated geographically.
Four other species of the genus Rhabdias were found in anuran amphibians from
mainland East Asia: R. bicornis, R. bufonis, R. incerta and R. nipponica (Lu, 1934; Kung,
Wu, 1945; Hsu, 1960; Wang et al., 1992). R. incerta possesses the characteristic dila-
tion of muscular part of oesophagus, similar to that in R. globocephala. The species,
however, is much larger than R. globocephala and the buccal capsule walls in R. incer-
ta are not surrounded by anterior end of oesophagus. R. globocephala may be distin-
guished from both R. bufonis and R. nipponica by presence of dilation of oesophagus
muscular portion, anterior cuticular inflation and by more anterior position of nerve
ring in relation to oesophagus anterior end. This distance measured 40.2–50.8% and
30.7–50.0% of oesophagus length in R. bufonis and R. nipponica, correspondingly.
R. globocephala differs from R. bicornis by presence of six circumoral lips versus two lat-
eral pseudolabia described in the latter species (Lu, 1934).
Additional morphometric comparison of the species was performed using the
approach proposed by Baker (1978) for sympatric North American Rhabdias spp. The
scatterplot (fig. 2) shows the relationship between oesophagus relative length (in% of
body length) and body length. It is seen from the plot that by this relationship R. globo-
cephala is similar to R. bufonis and differs from all other species.
Discussion
Species of the genus Rhabdias are considered to demonstrate the high degree of
host specificity, for about a half out of about 40 nominal Rhabdias species were report-
ed each from a single host species. The additional investigation of some species, how-
ever, can yield information on new hosts, not always belonging to the same taxon as
the type host. R. globocephala was originally described from the microhylid frog
Microhyla ornata and now is found in the material from the rhacophorid frog Buergeria
pollicaris. Thus, it is not a specific parasite either of the type host, or of microhylid
amphibians. On the other hand, no species from to the genus Rhabdias has been found
in hosts belonging to different orders (Kuzmin et al., 2003).
The differentiation of Rhabdias spp. is often fairly complicated due to the morpho-
logical uniformity of species and absence of males in parasitic generation (Chu, 1936;
Baker, 1978). The differentiation of R. globocephala in original description was primar-
ily based on the anterior swelling of body cuticle. However, the outer layer of cuticle
in Rhabdias spp. is quite fragile and can be occasionally damaged in fixed nematodes.
Thus, the additional characters are often necessary for adequate species differentiation.
Some qualitative characters useful for differentiation can be observed in the shape of
oesophagus. The dilation of oesophagus muscular part distinguishes R. sphaerocephala,
R. incerta and R. globocephala from other Rhabdias spp. found in Eurasian anurans. The
measurements of oesophagus width at separate levels of its length are necessary for
accurate estimation of the dilation presence.
Morphometric comparison of closely related Rhabdias spp. is quite complicated
and often senseless because of high individual variability of characters, especially those
related to body size (body length and width, size of oesophagus, tail, position of
vulva). The relative metric characters could give more information for species differ-
entiation, particularly when they are compared with the total length of worms (Baker,
1978). In general case, the relative length of oesophagus decreases gradually in rela-
tion to body length increasing, due to the allometric growth of nematodes (Baker,
1978). The graphical comparison of oesophagus relative length with body length helps
to separate some species of the genus even if the limits of absolute and relative length
of oesophagus overlap, as it is seen from the plot (fig. 2) for R. globocephala and
R. sphaerocephala.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Scott Gardner, the former Curator of the Helminthological
Collection of H. W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, for the
material loaned for investigation, and to Dr. Hideo Hasegawa (Department of Biology, Oita Medical
University) for the material on Japanese Rhabdiasidae he granted from his own collection.
Baker M. R. Morphology and taxonomy of Rhabdias spp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from reptiles and
amphibians of southern Ontario // Canadian J. of Zoology. — 1978. — 56. — P. 2127–2141.
Chu T. A review of the status of the reptilian nematodes of the genus Rhabdias with a description of Rhabdias
fuscovenosa var. catanensis (Rizzo, 1902) new rank // J. of Parasitology. — 1936. — 22. — P. 130–139.
Goodey T. Two new species of the nematode genus Rhabdias // J. of Helminthology. — 1924. — 2. —
P. 203–208.
Hsu Wei-nan. Notes on some parasitic nematodes obtained from vertebrates in Nanking // Acta Zool.
Sinica. — 1960. — 12 (1). — P. 109–113.
13The Description of Rhabdias globocephala…
Kung C. C., Wu H. W. Parasitic nematodes of amphibians from Pehpei Szechwan, China // Sinensia. —
1945. — 16. — P. 73–83.
Kuzmin Y. I. The life cycle and the new data on distribution of Rhabdias sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924
(Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) // Vestnik Zoologii. — 1997. — 31, N 1–2. — P. 49–57. — Russian.
Kuzmin Y., Tkach V. V., Snyder S. D. The Nematode Genus Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from
Amphibians and Reptiles of the Nearctic // Comparative Parasitology. — 2003. — 70 (2). —
P. 101–114.
Lu S. C. On Rhabdias, a genus of parasitic nematoda of Nanking // Sinensia. — 1934. — 5 (1, 2). — P. 164–172.
Wang Pu Qin, Yan Yin Wang, Yu Ru Zhao et al. The parasitic helminths of vertebrates from Meihua Mountain
Nature Reserve and adjacent area // Wuyi Science J. — 1992. — 9. — P. 31–48. — Chinese, English
abstract.
14 Yu. I. Kuzmin
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-3372 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:09:46Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Kuzmin, Yu.I. 2009-07-07T09:52:33Z 2009-07-07T09:52:33Z 2005 The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) / Yu. I. Kuzmin // Вестн. зоологии. — 2005. — Т. 39, № 4. — С. 9–14. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/3372 595.132 Parasitic nematode Rhabdias globocephala Kung et Wu, 1945 previously known only from the type host, Microhyla ornata from China, is described from a new host, Buergeria pollicaris (Werner, 1914). Differention of the species from closely related R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 is amended based on the shape of anterior cuticular swelling, buccal capsule position, and relative length of oesophagus. The differentiation of R. globocephala from 4 sympatric species of the genus: R. bicornis Lu, 1934, R. bufonis (Schrank, 1788), R. incerta Wilkie, 1930 and R. nipponica Yamaguti, 1935 is also provided. Паразитическая нематода Rhabdias globocephala Kung et Wu, 1945, ранее известная только от типового хозяина, Microhyla ornata из Китая, описыва¬ется по коллекционному материалу от нового хозяина — Buergeria pollicaris (Werner, 1914). До¬полнена дифференциация вида от морфологически близкого R. sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 на основании различий в форме кутикулярного вздутия на переднем конце тела, положению рото¬вой капсулы и относительной длине пищевода. Также приводятся отличия R. globocephala от четырех симпатрических видов рода — R. bicornis Lu, 1934, R. bufonis (Schrank, 1788), R. incerta Wilkie, 1930 и R. nipponica Yamaguti, 1935. en Інститут зоології ім. І. І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Фауна и систематика The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) Описание Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) от нового хозяина — Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) Kuzmin, Yu.I. Фауна и систематика |
| title | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) |
| title_alt | Описание Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) от нового хозяина — Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) |
| title_full | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) |
| title_fullStr | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) |
| title_short | The Description of Rhabdias globocephala (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the New Host Buergeria pollicaris (Amphibia, Rhacophoridae) |
| title_sort | description of rhabdias globocephala (nematoda, rhabdiasidae) from the new host buergeria pollicaris (amphibia, rhacophoridae) |
| topic | Фауна и систематика |
| topic_facet | Фауна и систематика |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/3372 |
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