Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions
Crack propagation is investigated experimentally in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under shock loading conditions generated by pulse magnetic field. Using microstructural investigation, the dynamic fracture surfaces of PMMA were analyzed and compared depending on the distance from notch tip. Diagram...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Проблемы прочности |
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| Дата: | 2002 |
| Автори: | , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
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Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України
2002
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions / S.A. Atroshenko, S.I. Krivosheev, Yu.A. Petrov // Проблемы прочности. — 2002. — № 3. — С. 96-100. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860203979642765312 |
|---|---|
| author | Atroshenko, S.A. Krivosheev, S.I. Petrov, Yu.A. |
| author_facet | Atroshenko, S.A. Krivosheev, S.I. Petrov, Yu.A. |
| citation_txt | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions / S.A. Atroshenko, S.I. Krivosheev, Yu.A. Petrov // Проблемы прочности. — 2002. — № 3. — С. 96-100. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Проблемы прочности |
| description | Crack propagation is investigated experimentally in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under shock loading conditions generated by pulse magnetic field. Using microstructural investigation, the dynamic fracture surfaces of PMMA were analyzed and compared depending on the distance from notch tip. Diagram of various fracture types depending on the pulse loading duration has been constructed.
Экспериментально исследовано распространение трещины в полиметилметакрилате при ударном нагружении импульсным магнитным полем. Проанализированы поверхности динамического разрушения полиметилметакрилата в зависимости от расстояния от надреза с помощью микроструктурных методов исследования. Построена диаграмма изменения типа разрушения в зависимости от длительности импульса.
Експериментально досліджено поширення тріщини у поліметилметакрилаті при ударному навантаженні імпульсним магнітним полем. Проаналізовано поверхні динамічного руйнування поліметилметакрилата у залежності від відстані від надрізу за допомогою мікроструктурних методів дослідження. Побудовано діаграму зміни типу руйнування у залежності від тривалості імпульсу.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:11:36Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
UDC 539.4
Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions
S. A. Atroshenko, S. I. Krivosheev, and Yu. A. Petrov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
УДК 539.4
Разрушение полиметилметакрилата при импульсном нагружении
С. А. Атрошенко, С. И. Кривошеев, Ю. А. Петров
Санкт-Петербургский госуниверситет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Экспериментально исследовано распространение трещины в полиметилметакрилате при
ударном нагружении импульсным магнитным полем. Проанализированы поверхности дина
мического разрушения полиметилметакрилата в зависимости от расстояния от надреза с
помощью микроструктурных методов исследования. Построена диаграмма изменения типа
разрушения в зависимости от длительности импульса.
Ключевые слова: полиметилметакрилат (ПММА), разрушение, импульс,
динамическое нагружение.
Introduction. At present there are numerous studies of the fracture surface
dedicated to the determination of the location of the onset fracture of a given
structure together with the probable cause for its failure. Although every fracture
surface is different, the advantage of fracture surface analysis in the determination
of various fracture processes stems from the fact that a close relation exists
between the deterministic dynamics of crack and the fracture surface that it leaves
behind. However, in many cases, the mechanisms leading to particular intrinsic
surface features are not revealed. In this study based on fractographic analysis of
a model material, an attempt is made to uncover these fundamental mechanisms
and to validate their generality.
Material and Experimental Technique. The subject of investigation was
polymethylmethacrylate material (PMMA) with the following mechanical
properties: c1 = 1970 m/s, c2 = 1130 m/s, KIc = 1.47 MPaVm, where c1 and c2
are longitudinal and transverse wave elastic velocities, respectively, while KIc is
the critical stress intensity factor. Crack propagation in PMMA has been
investigated experimentally under shock loading conditions generated by pulse
magnetic field [1]. The loading scheme provided uniformly spread pressure along
the crack faces. Plain 10-mm-thick specimens of PMMA with a notch of 3 mm
width and 10 cm length were used. Speed photo camera SFR-2 was used as photo
register. Pressure amplitude constituted P = 140-320 MPa.
PMMA was selected for investigations because of its transparency, which
permits to observe crack propagation and to test it. From many studies of fracture
surfaces formed in brittle materials, it was found that the surface created by the
© S. A. ATROSHENKO, S. I. KRIVOSHEEV, Yu. A. PETROV, 2002
96 ISSN 0556-171X. Проблемы прочности, 2002, N 3
Fracture o f Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions
process of dynamic fracture has a characteristic structure in brittle amorphous
materials. Such a structure, defined as “mirror, mist, parabolic surface markings,
or hackle,” has been observed to occur in materials as diverse as glass, ceramics,
noncrosslinked glassy polymers, such as PMMA and others [2].
Using microstructural investigation, the dynamic fracture surfaces of a brittle
amorphous material was analyzed depending on distance from the notch tip.
Results and Discussion. Results obtained by speed photo register (SPR-2)
for typical picture of crack movement are presented in Fig. 1, which illustrates a
steplike pattern of the crack propagation. Test with SPR-2 measurements have
demonstrated the dependence of crack starting time on loading amplitude applied.
This is illustrated in Fig. 2. It is easy to see a delay in fracture, which corresponds
to the distance between the calculated curve or experimental point and the dotted
line.
Z a.mm------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p”,
MPa
4 0 0 - '
300 -
inn-
1 oo-
0
0 5 10 15 2 0 25 3 0 t. |j£
Fig. 2. L oading pulse am plitude vs tim e from fracture start.
Propagating from the notch tip, fracture pattern varies from fiber, quasi-fiber
to cup fracture like fracture types in metals. Diagram of various types of fracture depending on the pulse loading duration and the distance from notch tip is
presented in Fig. 3. This dependence has periodical character under loading of
microsecond duration pulses of threshold amplitude. An illustration of the
differences in fracture behavior and typical kinds of fracture type with their
location along the main crack is given in Fig. 4. It can be clearly seen that the
fracture pattern changes.The fracture energy, or the energy required for creation of a unit fracture
surface, is of tremendous practical and fundamental importance. For this reason,
evaluation of the fracture energy as a function of the crack propagation speed
0 100 200 f.JJS
Fig. 1. D ependence o f crack length on time.
ISSN 0556-171X. npo6neMU npouHocmu, 2002, № 3 97
S. A. Atroshenko, S. I. Krivosheev, Yu. A. Petrov
have been done. Surface fracture energy was evaluated, using the cup size and
specific surface fracture energy. Its dependence on distance from notch tip was
defined. The results are given in Table 1.
о 50 loo 150 jas
200 250 300 JUS
Fig. 3. D iagram o f fracture type d istribution depending on the pulse loading duration and distance
from the notch tip.
Fig. 4. Typical fracture types and their location along the m ain crack (1 - m irror, 2 - m ist, 3 -
hackle).
98 ISSN 0556-171X. Проблемы прочности, 2002, № 3
Fracture o f Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions
T a b l e 1
Fracture Energy of the Cup Fracture
C rack length
Lc r , m m
Cup size
d , jMn
C rack velocity
V , m /s
Surface fracture energy
E - 108, J/cup
5.0 32 92.400 17.0
17.5 18 50.696 5.3
25.5 13 194.250 2.8
T a b l e 2
Mesocrack Inclination Angles
C rack length
Lc r , m m
Inclination angle
o f m esocrack, deg
C rack velocity
V , m /s
1.0 32 271.60
3.0 33 119.80
6.5 29 70.58
7.1 19 58.95
7.6 28 62.27
27.0 26 126.79
The formation and evolution of meso-branches are a major influence of the
dynamics of a crack. The existence of mesocracks that branch away from the
main crack was discovered only in the places with fiber and quasi-fiber fracture
types. They did not find in the places of cup fracture. But character of mesocracks
differs from ones presented in [2]. Inspection of the fracture surface in a given
experiment shows that mesocrack inclination angle changes nonmonotonously
depending on the distance from the notch tip. Mesocrack inclination angles and
places of their nucleation were determined. As for crack velocity, it has
nonmonotonous character depending on the distance from the notch tip, which is
similar to the variation in the fracture pattern but different from the data presented
in [3]. These results are presented in Table 2.
Conclusions. A new visualization technique for brittle fracture process under
pulse loading of PMMA specimens was developed.
Peculiarities of brittle fracture process are experimentally defined for PMMA
under microsecond pulse loading of threshold amplitude:
(i) length of propagated crack is proportional to the load amplitudes
exceeding the threshold ones;
(ii) delay in the crack start with respect to the moment of reaching by loading
stress its threshold value was determined;
(iii) periodicity of PMMA surface fracture pattern was defined under crack
progress till its first stop;(iv) diagram of fracture character changing depending on the pulse duration
and distance from the notch tip was constructed;
(v) surface fracture energy per cup was evaluated, which decreases with
increasing distance from notch tip;
(vi) mesocracks nucleate in the sites of “mirror-and-mist” fracture pattern,
where less energy is required for the crack propagation;
(vii) mesocrack inclination angle with respect to the main crack does not
depend on the crack propagation speed or the distance from the notch tip.
ISSN 0556-171X. npoôëeMbi npounocmu, 2002, N 3 99
S. A. Atroshenko, S. I. Krivosheev, Yu. A. Petrov
Р е з ю м е
Експериментально досліджено поширення тріщини у поліметилметакрилаті
при ударному навантаженні імпульсним магнітним полем. Проаналізовано
поверхні динамічного руйнування поліметилметакрилата у залежності від
відстані від надрізу за допомогою мікроструктурних методів дослідження.
Побудовано діаграму зміни типу руйнування у залежності від тривалості
імпульсу.
1. S. I. Krivosheev and Yu. V Petrov, Experimental Installation and
Investigation Techniques of Threshold Failing Loads for Specimens with
Macrocracks under Short Duration Shock Effects Created by Impulse
Magnetic Field [in Russian], Preprint No. 142, Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg
(1997).
2. J. Fineberg and M. Marder, “Instability in dynamic fracture,” Phys. Reports,
313, 1 - 108 (1999).
3. Fracture Processes in Polymeric Solids, International Publishers, New
York-London-Sydney (1970).
R eceived 14. 11. 2001
100 ISSN 0556-171X. Проблеми прочности, 2002, № 3
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-46795 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0556-171X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:11:36Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Atroshenko, S.A. Krivosheev, S.I. Petrov, Yu.A. 2013-07-06T18:25:17Z 2013-07-06T18:25:17Z 2002 Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions / S.A. Atroshenko, S.I. Krivosheev, Yu.A. Petrov // Проблемы прочности. — 2002. — № 3. — С. 96-100. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. 0556-171X https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/46795 539.4 Crack propagation is investigated experimentally in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under shock loading conditions generated by pulse magnetic field. Using microstructural investigation, the dynamic fracture surfaces of PMMA were analyzed and compared depending on the distance from notch tip. Diagram of various fracture types depending on the pulse loading duration has been constructed. Экспериментально исследовано распространение трещины в полиметилметакрилате при ударном нагружении импульсным магнитным полем. Проанализированы поверхности динамического разрушения полиметилметакрилата в зависимости от расстояния от надреза с помощью микроструктурных методов исследования. Построена диаграмма изменения типа разрушения в зависимости от длительности импульса. Експериментально досліджено поширення тріщини у поліметилметакрилаті при ударному навантаженні імпульсним магнітним полем. Проаналізовано поверхні динамічного руйнування поліметилметакрилата у залежності від відстані від надрізу за допомогою мікроструктурних методів дослідження. Побудовано діаграму зміни типу руйнування у залежності від тривалості імпульсу. en Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України Проблемы прочности Научно-технический раздел Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions Разрушение полиметилметакрилата при импульсном нагружении Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions Atroshenko, S.A. Krivosheev, S.I. Petrov, Yu.A. Научно-технический раздел |
| title | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions |
| title_alt | Разрушение полиметилметакрилата при импульсном нагружении |
| title_full | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions |
| title_short | Fracture of Polymethylmethacrylate under Pulse Loading Conditions |
| title_sort | fracture of polymethylmethacrylate under pulse loading conditions |
| topic | Научно-технический раздел |
| topic_facet | Научно-технический раздел |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/46795 |
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