Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals
Results of corrosion tests of some structure metals previously treated using pulsed electric current of high density are presented. According to the data obtained, the treatment substantially affects corrosion of metals. In cases of HSLA steel and 5182 aluminum alloy, an increase of corrosion...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Проблемы прочности |
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Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України
2009
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| Цитувати: | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals/ A.I. Babutskii, A. Chrysanthou, J. Ioannou // Проблемы прочности. — 2009. — № 4. — С. 62-68. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859536312579653632 |
|---|---|
| author | Babutskii, A.I. Chrysanthou, A. Ioannou, J. |
| author_facet | Babutskii, A.I. Chrysanthou, A. Ioannou, J. |
| citation_txt | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals/ A.I. Babutskii, A. Chrysanthou, J. Ioannou // Проблемы прочности. — 2009. — № 4. — С. 62-68. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
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| description | Results of corrosion tests of some structure metals
previously treated using pulsed electric current
of high density are presented. According to
the data obtained, the treatment substantially affects
corrosion of metals. In cases of HSLA steel
and 5182 aluminum alloy, an increase of corrosion
resistance occurs, whereas the same treatment
causes a dramatic reduction of corrosion
resistance of 5754 aluminum alloy.
Наведено результати випробувань на корозію ряду конструкційних матеріалів,
що попередньо зазнавали впливу імпульсного електричного струму
високої густини. Установлено, що така обробка суттєво впливає на корозію
матеріалів. Для сталі HSLA й алюмінієвого сплаву 5182 має місце зростання
опору корозії, в той час як для алюмінієвого сплаву 5754 - різке зменшення
опору корозії.
Представлены результаты испытаний на коррозию ряда конструкционных материалов, предварительно
подвергаемых воздействию импульсного электрического тока высокой плотности.
Установлено, что такая обработка существенно влияет на коррозию исследуемых
материалов. Для стали HSLA и алюминиевого сплава 5182 происходит рост сопротивления
коррозии, в то время как для алюминиевого сплава 5754 - резкое уменьшение сопротивления
коррозии.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-11-25T23:31:39Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
UDC 620.193; 537.39
Effect of Pulsed Electric Current Treatment on Corrosion of Structural
Metals
A. I. B abutsk ii,a A . C hrysanthou ,b and J. Ioan n ou b
a Pisarenko Institute of Problems of Strength, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kiev, Ukraine
b School of Aerospace, Automotive and Design Engineering, University of Hertfordshire,
Hatfield, UK
УДК 620.193; 537.39
Влияние обработки импульсным электрическим током на коррозию
металлических конструкционных материалов
А . И . Б абуц ки й а, А . К рисан ту6, Д ж . И оан ну6
а Институт проблем прочности им. Г. С. Писаренко НАН Украины, Киев, Украина
6 Школа аэрокосмического, автомобильного машиностроения и дизайна, Хертфорд-
ширский университет, Хатфильд, Великобритания
Представлены результаты испытаний на коррозию ряда конструкционных материалов, пред
варительно подвергаемых воздействию импульсного электрического тока высокой плотнос
ти. Установлено, что такая обработка существенно влияет на коррозию исследуемых
материалов. Для стали HSLA и алюминиевого сплава 5182 происходит рост сопротивления
коррозии, в то время как для алюминиевого сплава 5754 - резкое уменьшение сопротивления
коррозии.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а : коррозия, импульсный электрический ток, сталь, алюмини
евый сплав.
Introduction . The problem o f corrosion o f structural metals remains critical
because it is connected with considerable econom ic costs. According to various
estimations, 10 to 30% o f the annual production o f iron is irreversibly lost due to
corrosion every year [1]. Corrosion leads not only to loss o f metal, but also to
degradation o f m echanical and physical properties and plasticity. This is the reason
for the decrease in the lifetim e o f components som etim es leading to catastrophic
failure. For example, 90% o f failures in oil-field pipes take place due to corrosion
damages; a similar situation occurs in ships [2, 3] and other structures. Taking into
account the repair-and-renewal operations and anticorrosion measures, the losses
from corrosion in highly developed countries reach up to 10% o f the national
incom e [1].
The existing methods o f metal and alloy protection from corrosion include
deposition o f coatings, electrochem ical methods o f protection (e.g., cathodic
method) and others. It is therefore understandable that there is considerable interest
to develop new and more effective corrosion protection methods.
© A. I. BABUTSKII, A. CHRYSANTHOU, J. IOANNOU, 2009
62 ISSN 0556-171X. Проблемы прочности, 2009, № 4
Effect o f Pulsed Electric Current Treatment
One o f the com m on types o f metal and alloy corrosion is electrochemical
corrosion, w hich leads to damage in conductive environm ents (electrolytic
solutions). In general, the electrochem ical corrosion m echanism involves the
appearance o f short-circuited micro-galvanic elem ents on the metal surface with
different values o f e.m.f. as a result o f the formation o f anodic (with low electrode
potential) and cathodic (with high electrode potential) zones [4]. These zones are
generated due to differences in metal structure, surface roughness, as w ell as
existence o f protective film s and other factors. The difference in metal structure
(difference o f grain size and com position, crystal anisotropy, em ergence o f
dislocations on the surface, existence o f im purities, inclusions, nonuniform
m echanical stresses) is one o f the reasons activating corrosion processes. The role
o f m echanical stresses is important because anode zones can appear under the
influence o f tensile stresses in the metal. These zones becom e the source o f
developm ent o f corrosion centres [5].
It is known that pulsed electric current (PEC) treatment causes relaxation o f
mechanical stresses in metals [6 -8 ], as w ell as hom ogenization o f their structure
[9]. Based upon com m on considerations, these circumstances can serve as a basis
for the creation o f new technology o f corrosion protection o f metals. The results o f
investigations below were fulfilled w ith the aim to clarify the mentioned
possibilities.
M ethod o f E xperim ental Research. Metallic sheet specimens o f high-strength
low -alloy steel (H SLA o f com position 0.02% C, 0.25% Mn, 0.02% S, 0.02% P,
0.30% Ti) o f 100 mm length, 13 mm width and 1.1 mm thickness and aluminum
alloy 5182 (4.5% M g, 0.3% Mn) o f 100 mm length, 13mm thickness and 1.4 mm
thickness and 5754 (3.6% M g, 0.5% Mn, 0.1 % Cu, 0.4 % Fe, 0.4 % Si) o f 100 mm
length, 13 m m width and 2 mm thickness were used for the investigation.
Corrosion tests w ere performed at 35°C (±1.5°C) in a salt-spray chamber
(Fig. 1) using a 5% NaC l solution (in distilled water) according to the ASTM
B 1 17-97 standard. The total time o f exposure was 1000 hours. The treatment was
carried out in hourly cycles. This involved subjecting the specim ens to a fog spray
(salt spray) for 10 minutes at a flow rate o f 0.7 l/h follow ed by 50 minutes o f hot
air drying. The sequence was repeated every hour.
The specim ens were initially cleaned under hot water by hand. They were
further cleaned in an ultrasonic chamber w ith water o f 48°C, for 12 minutes; this
process occurred tw ice because the replacement o f the water was necessary. They
were then w ashed with propanol and dried for 30 m in at 70°C. The specim ens were
then w eighed and placed in the corrosion salt-spray chamber. After the corrosion
test the specim ens were cleaned in hot water to rem ove deposits o f salt. They were
then washed with propanol and dried at 70°C in an oven. They were subsequently
weighed.
PEC treatment o f the specim ens was performed using a pulsed current
generator [10]. Three electric current pulses were passed through each specimen
w ith current amplitude as indicated in Table 1. The amplitude o f the electric
current w as chosen with the aim to compare the specim ens w ith the same current
density taking into account their different thickness (approxim ately 1.3, 2 .0 , and
3.0 kA /m m 2 , respectively, for each specim en group).
ISSN 0556-171X. Проблемы прочности, 2009, № 4 бЗ
A. I. Babutskii, A. Chrysanthou, and J. Ioannou
T a b l e 1
Regimes of PEC Treatment
No. Steel HSLA Aluminum alloy 5182 Aluminum alloy 5754
Current amplitude, kA
І І9 24 З4
2 І9 24 З4
З 29 З5 5З
4 29 З5 5З
5 4І 52 75
б 4І 52 75
Note. Specimens Nos. 1, 3, and 5 were treated using three pulses with 1 min interval, specimens
Nos. 2, 4, and 6 were treated using three pulses with 3 min interval.
Fig. 1. Equipment for corrosion tests.
Test R esults and T heir A nalysis. Test results are presented in Table 2 and
Figs. 2 and 3. In comparative analysis o f test results, one should take account o f
the different corrosion behavior o f steel and aluminum alloys; in the case o f steel,
the corrosion products (Fe2O3 oxides) flake o ff the base material, w hich causes the
reduction o f specim en w eight after the corrosion tests, w hile in the case o f
aluminum alloys the increase o f specim en w eight is observed after corrosion tests
because A l2O3 oxides have high adhesion to the base material.
The estimation o f the PEC treatment effect on corrosion o f specim ens was
performed in two steps. The percentage change o f the w eight o f each specim en d m
after tests was estimated in the first stage:
64 ISSN G556-Î7ÎX. Проблемы прочности, 2GG9, № 4
Effect o f Pulsed Electric Current Treatment
T a b l e 2
Results of Corrosion Tests
No. Steel HSLA Aluminum alloy 5182 Aluminum alloy 5754
After PEC treatment
àm,% к , % àm,% к , % àm,% к , %
1 -0.5224 26 0.1217 15 0.2695 -491
2 -0.5310 25 0.1571 - 9 0.3112 -582
3 -0.2706 62 0.1188 17 0.4200 -821
4 -0.6010 15 0.0614 57 0.4655 -921
5 -0.6890 2 0.1640 -14 0.2976 -553
6 -1.2729 -81 0.1426 1 0.3120 -585
Without PEC treatment
Mean
for 6 specimens
àm,% %%Sà àm,%
-0.7050 0.1437 0.0456
Fig. 2. Variation of factor of PEC treatment effect on specimen corrosion (k) for different materials
[(a) HSLA steel, (b) 5182 aluminum alloy, (c) 5754 aluminum alloy], PEC densities, and intervals
between electric current pulses [(/), (3), (5) 1 min interval; (2), (4), (6) 3 min interval].
A m c à m = -----
m0
100%,
m0
where m0 and m c are the weights o f the initial specim en and the same specimen
after the corrosion tests, respectively. In the second stage, the factor o f PEC
treatment effect on the specim en corrosion, k, was determined as follows:
ISSN 0556-171X. Проблемы прочности, 2009, № 4 65
A. I. Babutskii, A. Chrysanthou, and J. Ioannou
k = ■100 %,
is the percentage change o f the w eight o f untreated specimens
(mean for 6 specim ens bottom row in Table 2) and d ^ is the percentage change
o f the w eight o f each specim en treated by PEC (Table 2).
Fig. 3. Surface appearances of HSLA steel specimens after corrosion tests: (a), (b: top photo) metal in
initial condition; (b: bottom photo), (c) after PEC treatment.
The corrosion tests results suggest that the PEC treatment using the above
regimes substantially affects the behavior o f the investigated m etals. The treatment
causes considerable deceleration o f the corrosion processes for both H SLA steel
and 5182 aluminum alloy. Here, the results obtained indicate that regim es o f PEC
treatment with m aximum effect exist. On the other hand, for 5754 aluminum alloy,
the treatment using the same regim es (current densities) dramatically impairs (in
tim es) its resistance to corrosion.
Macrophotographs o f the surface appearance o f the investigated H SLA steel
specim ens after the corrosion tests are presented in Fig. 3 (the difference in the
appearance o f treated and untreated specimens in case o f aluminum alloy specimens
is insignificant). A substantial difference in the corrosion damage o f surfaces o f
PEC-treated and untreated H SLA steel specim ens is observed. In the case o f the
specim ens without PEC treatment, zones with selective, localized corrosion are
visib ly clear (areas bordered by dash lines in Fig. 3a). PEC treatment causes
uniform, hom ogeneous corrosion on the w hole surface o f specim en (see, for
example, area bordered by dash line in Fig. 3c). This observation m ay be to be due
to different structural and surface heterogeniety o f the treated and untreated
m
66 ISSN 0556-171X. npoôëeMbi npounocmu, 2009, N 4
Effect o f Pulsed Electric Current Treatment
specim ens. Such heterogeinity m ay arise during sheet manifacturing process by
means o f cold working, w hich generates nonuniform residual stresses. On the other
hand, the PEC treatment m ay relieve these stresses, thus providing a more
hom ogeneous material.
C onclusions. The results o f this investigation have shown that PEC treatment
has a significant effect on the corrosion behavior o f structural metals. Based on
these observations, the follow ing conclusions can be drawn:
(i) the regim es o f PEC treatment used in this work cause an increase o f
corrosion resistance o f H SLA steel and 5182 aluminum alloy, but at the same time
they cause dramatic decrease o f the corrosion resistance o f 5754 aluminum alloy;
(ii) as a result o f the PEC treatment, the corrosion on the surface o f the HSLA
steel specim ens becom es weaker and more hom ogenous; the zones o f localized
corrosion observed in the case o f the untreated specim ens are absent on the surface
o f the PEC-treated H SLA steel specimens.
The investigation performed was based on one specim en per variant o f PEC
treatment. Further research w ill be carried out using more specim ens, in order to
accumulate experimental data on the effect o f PEC treatment w ith different
parameters on the corrosion characteristics o f structural metals, as w ell as to study
the sources and physical m echanisms o f such phenomena in metals.
Р е з ю м е
Наведено результати випробувань на корозію ряду конструкційних мате
ріалів, що попередньо зазнавали впливу імпульсного електричного струму
високої густини. Установлено, що така обробка суттєво впливає на корозію
матеріалів. Для сталі H SLA й алюмінієвого сплаву 5182 має м ісце зростання
опору корозії, в той час як для алюмінієвого сплаву 5754 - різке зменшення
опору корозії.
1. E. M. Gutman, K. R. N izam ov, M. D. Getmanskii, and E. A. Nizam ov,
C orrosion P ro te c tio n o f O il-F ie ld E q u ip m en t [in Russian], Nedra, M oscow
(1983).
2. H. Emi, A . Kumano, N . Baba, et al., “A study on life assessm ent o f ships and
offshore structures. Pt. 1: Basic study,” J. Soc. N av. A rch it. Jpn ., N o. 169,
4 4 3 - 4 5 4 (1991).
3. H. Emi, M. Yuasa, A. Kumano, et al., “A study on life assessm ent o f ships
and offshore structures. Pt. 3: Corrosion control and condition evaluation for a
long life service o f the ship,” J. Soc. N av. A rch it. Jpn ., N o. 174, 7 35 -744
(1993).
4. N. I. Isaev, T heory o f C orrosion P ro ce sse s [in Russian], Metallurgiya, M oscow
(1997).
5. http://www.cathedral.ru/cathedra/num2/demidov.
6 . Yu. V. Baranov, O. A. Troitskii, Yu. S. Avraamov, and A. D. Shlyapin,
P h y s ic a l B a ses o f E lec tro -Im p u lse a n d E lec tro -P la s tic T reatm en ts a n d N ew
M a te r ia ls [in Russian], M GIU, M oscow (2001).
ISSN 0556-171X. Проблемы прочности, 2009, № 4 67
http://www.cathedral.ru/cathedra/num2/demidov
A. I. Babutskii, A. Chrysanthou, and J. Ioannou
7. G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutsky, and L. Krushka, “M etal behavior under
passage o f pulse electric current,” J .P h y s . I V F ran ce , 110, 5 7 7 -5 8 2 (2003).
8. G. V. Stepanov, A. I. Babutsky, and G. V. Chyzhyk, “Estimation o f pulse
electric current effect on strength o f m etallic materials,” M eta lozn av . O brob.
M e ta l , N o. 2, 6 4 -6 8 (2005).
9. G. V. Stepanov, A . I. Babutskii, and I. A. M am eev, “High-density pulse
current-induced unsteady stress-strain state in a long rod,” S tren g th M a ter.,
36, N o. 4, 377-381 (2004).
Received 05. 05. 2008
68 ISSN 0556-171X. npodxeMbi npounocmu, 2009, N 4
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-48407 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0556-171X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-25T23:31:39Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Babutskii, A.I. Chrysanthou, A. Ioannou, J. 2013-08-19T12:33:25Z 2013-08-19T12:33:25Z 2009 Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals/ A.I. Babutskii, A. Chrysanthou, J. Ioannou // Проблемы прочности. — 2009. — № 4. — С. 62-68. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 0556-171X https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/48407 620.193; 537.39 Results of corrosion tests of some structure metals previously treated using pulsed electric current of high density are presented. According to the data obtained, the treatment substantially affects corrosion of metals. In cases of HSLA steel and 5182 aluminum alloy, an increase of corrosion resistance occurs, whereas the same treatment causes a dramatic reduction of corrosion resistance of 5754 aluminum alloy. Наведено результати випробувань на корозію ряду конструкційних матеріалів, що попередньо зазнавали впливу імпульсного електричного струму високої густини. Установлено, що така обробка суттєво впливає на корозію матеріалів. Для сталі HSLA й алюмінієвого сплаву 5182 має місце зростання опору корозії, в той час як для алюмінієвого сплаву 5754 - різке зменшення опору корозії. Представлены результаты испытаний на коррозию ряда конструкционных материалов, предварительно подвергаемых воздействию импульсного электрического тока высокой плотности. Установлено, что такая обработка существенно влияет на коррозию исследуемых материалов. Для стали HSLA и алюминиевого сплава 5182 происходит рост сопротивления коррозии, в то время как для алюминиевого сплава 5754 - резкое уменьшение сопротивления коррозии. en Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України Проблемы прочности Научно-технический раздел Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals Влияние обработки импульсным электрическим током на коррозию металлических конструкционных материалов Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals Babutskii, A.I. Chrysanthou, A. Ioannou, J. Научно-технический раздел |
| title | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals |
| title_alt | Влияние обработки импульсным электрическим током на коррозию металлических конструкционных материалов |
| title_full | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals |
| title_fullStr | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals |
| title_short | Effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals |
| title_sort | effect of pulsed electric current treatment on corrosion of structural metals |
| topic | Научно-технический раздел |
| topic_facet | Научно-технический раздел |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/48407 |
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