Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид
Представлена онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид и рассмотрены особенности применения семантических технологий в грид-системах. Подано онтологію ресурсів для семантичного інформаційного сервісу грід та розглянуто особливості застосування семантичних технологій в грід-с...
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| Published in: | Электронное моделирование |
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| Date: | 2011 |
| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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Інститут проблем моделювання в енергетиці ім. Г.Є. Пухова НАН України
2011
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| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/61771 |
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| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид / А.С. Поспешный, С.Г. Стиренко // Электронное моделирование. — 2011 — Т. 33, № 4. — С. 35-47. — Бібліогр.: 30 назв. — рос. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860253073243373568 |
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| author | Поспешный, А.С. Стиренко, С.Г. |
| author_facet | Поспешный, А.С. Стиренко, С.Г. |
| citation_txt | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид / А.С. Поспешный, С.Г. Стиренко // Электронное моделирование. — 2011 — Т. 33, № 4. — С. 35-47. — Бібліогр.: 30 назв. — рос. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Электронное моделирование |
| description | Представлена онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид и рассмотрены особенности применения семантических технологий в грид-системах.
Подано онтологію ресурсів для семантичного інформаційного сервісу грід та розглянуто особливості застосування семантичних технологій в грід-системах.
The ontology of resources for semantic information service of grids have been presented, peculiarities of using semantic technologies in grid-systems have been considered.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:45:11Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ÓÄÊ 004.75
À. Ñ. Ïîñïåøíûé, àñïèðàíò, Ñ. Ã. Ñòèðåíêî, êàíä. òåõí. íàóê
Íàöèîíàëüíûé òåõíè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò Óêðàèíû
«Êèåâñêèé ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêèé èí-ò»
(Óêðàèíà, 03056, Êèåâ, ïð-ò Ïîáåäû, 37,
òåë. (044) 4068013, Å-mail: pospishniy@kpi.in.ua)
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî
èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä
Ïðåäñòàâëåíà îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä è
ðàññìîòðåíû îñîáåííîñòè ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêèõ òåõíîëîãèé â ãðèä-ñèñòåìàõ.
Ïîäàíî îíòîëîã³þ ðåñóðñ³â äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷íîãî ³íôîðìàö³éíîãî ñåðâ³ñó ãð³ä òà ðîçãëÿíóòî
îñîáëèâîñò³ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ñåìàíòè÷íèõ òåõíîëîã³é â ãð³ä-ñèñòåìàõ.
Ê ë þ ÷ å â û å ñ ë î â à: ãðèä, îíòîëîãèè, èíôîðìàöèîííûé ñåðâèñ, áàçà çíàíèé.
Äèíàìè÷íî ðàçâèâàþùàÿñÿ ñôåðà âûñîêîïðîäóêòèâíûõ âû÷èñëåíèé ñó-
ùåñòâåííî ïðåîáðàçèëà ñîâðåìåííóþ íàó÷íóþ è èíæåíåðíî-òåõíè÷åñêóþ
äåÿòåëüíîñòü. Ïîÿâèëèñü íîâûå èíñòðóìåíòû, îòêðûëèñü íîâûå âîçìîæ-
íîñòè, íî ïðè ýòîì âîçíèêëè è íîâûå ïðîáëåìû, òðåáóþùèå ðåøåíèÿ.
 îáëàñòè íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ãäå îñîáåííî îñòðî îùóùàåòñÿ
íåõâàòêà âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ðåñóðñîâ, çàðîäèëàñü êîíöåïöèÿ âû÷èñëèòåëü-
íîé ñèñòåìû, ñïîñîáíîé èíòåãðèðîâàòü ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè ðàñïðåäåëåííûå
ðåñóðñû è ïðåäîñòàâëÿòü ê íèì êîëëåêòèâíûé äîñòóï. Ãðèä ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïëàò-
ôîðìîé äëÿ êîëëåêòèâíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ó÷åíûõ è èíæåíåðîâ â ðàìêàõ
âèðòóàëüíûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, êîòîðûå îáåñïå÷åíû ñâîáîäíî ïðåäîñòàâëåí-
íûìè ðåñóðñàìè. Òàêîé ïîäõîä ïîçâîëÿåò íàèáîëåå ýôôåêòèâíî èñïîëüçî-
âàòü èìåþùèåñÿ â íàëè÷èè ðåñóðñû äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåííûõ çàäà÷.
Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ãðèä çàâèñèò îò äîñòóïíîñòè, òî÷íîñòè è àêòóàëüíîñ-
òè èíôîðìàöèè îáî âñåõ ïîäêëþ÷åííûõ ðåñóðñàõ, èõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêàõ è
ñîñòîÿíèè.  ãðèä-ñèñòåìàõ òàêóþ èíôîðìàöèþ îáåñïå÷èâàþò èíôîðìà-
öèîííûå ñåðâèñû. Ìåõàíèçì äîñòóïà ê ýòîé èíôîðìàöèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì
èç êëþ÷åâûõ êîìïîíåíòîâ ëþáîé ãðèä-ñèñòåìû, òàê êàê îí îáåñïå÷èâàåò
ðàáîòó âñåõ îñòàëüíûõ ñëóæá. Äîñòóï ê ýòîé èíôîðìàöèè äîëæåí áûòü
ìàêñèìàëüíî ïîíÿòíûì øèðîêîìó êðóãó ïîëüçîâàòåëåé è â òî æå âðåìÿ
îáåñïå÷èâàòü ðåøåíèå ñëîæíûõ çàäà÷.
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2011. Ò. 33. ¹ 4 35
ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÎÍÍÛÅ
ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ
Ñ äàëüíåéøèì ðàçâèòèåì ãðèä íåèçáåæíî âîçíèêíóò òðóäíîñòè â óïðàâ-
ëåíèè òàêîé áîëüøîé è ñëîæíîé ãåòåðîãåííîé ñèñòåìîé, îäíàêî øèðîêî
èñïîëüçóåìûå â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ äëÿ ðàñïðåäåëåííûõ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ñèñ-
òåì òðàäèöèîííûå òåõíîëîãèè èìåþò ñóùåñòâåííûå íåäîñòàòêè.
Âîçìîæíîñòü óñïåøíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêèõ òåõíîëîãèé â
ãðèä-ñèñòåìàõ îáñóæäàëàñü íåîäíîêðàòíî. Â ðàáîòå [1] ñôîðìèðîâàíû
îñíîâíûå ïðèíöèïû ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîí-
íîãî ñåðâèñà, ðàññìîòðåíû âûäâèãàåìûå ê íåìó òðåáîâàíèÿ è åãî êëþ÷å-
âûå êîìïîíåíòû, â ÷àñòíîñòè îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ. Áûë ðàññìîòðåí ïðÿ-
ìîïîòî÷íûé ïðîöåññîð ïðàâèë TRIPLE/XSB è ìàëîýêñïðåññèâíûé ÿçûê
RDFS. Ðàçðàáîòàííûå îíòîëîãèè íå îòîáðàæàëè ñïåöèôèêè ãðèä-ðåñóð-
ñîâ, à ïðåäñòàâëÿëè ñîáîé îïèñàíèå àïïàðàòíûõ ñðåäñòâ.
 ìîäèôèöèðîâàííîé àðõèòåêòóðå ãðèä ñ èíòåãðèðîâàííûìè ñåìàí-
òè÷åñêèìè ñåðâèñàìè [2] îñîáîå âíèìàíèå óäåëåíî ñåìàíòè÷åñêîé àííî-
òàöèè ðåñóðñîâ íà áàçå GLUE ñõåìû è ïðèìåíåíèþ àãåíòîâ. Ïðåäëîæåíî
èñïîëüçîâàòü OWL-DL äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ îíòîëîãèé, êîòîðûå ïîäðàçäåëåíû íà
äâå ãðóïïû — îíòîëîãèè êîìïîíåíòîâ è ñîáûòèé.
 [3] èñïîëüçîâàíà èäåÿ ñâÿçûâàíèÿ îíòîëîãèé ðàçíîðîäíûõ ãðèä-
ñèñòåì ñ öåëüþ èõ âçàèìíîé èíòåãðàöèè.
 ðàáîòå [4] ïðåäñòàâëåí ñåìàíòè÷åñêèé ñåðâèñ ìîíèòîðèíãà è ïîèñêà
êàê íàäñòðîéêà íàä Globus Toolkit 4 è îïèñàí ñïîñîá ãåíåðèðîâàíèÿ äî-
ìåííûõ îíòîëîãèé ïî îïèñàíèþ ñâîéñòâ ðåñóðñà â ôîðìàòå XML. Àãðåãè-
ðîâàííûå äàííûå ñîõðàíÿëèñü â õðàíèëèùå RDF òðèïëåòîâ Sesame è
çàïðàøèâàëèñü ñ ïîìîùüþ ÿçûêà çàïðîñîâ SPARQL.
 ðàáîòå [5] ïðåäëîæåí ñïîñîá èíòåãðàöèè ðàçíîðîäíîé èíôîðìàöèè
èç ðàçëè÷íûõ ñåðâèñîâ ãðèä ñ ïîìîùüþ îíòîëîãèé. Òàêîé ïîäõîä ïîçâî-
ëÿåò àêêóìóëèðîâàòü è ñâÿçûâàòü èíôîðìàöèþ èç ðàçíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ è
ïîëó÷àòü ê íåé äîñòóï, èñïîëüçóÿ ÿçûê çàïðîñîâ SPARQL.
Îäíàêî ñóùåñòâåííûå íåäîñòàòêè îïèñàííûõ ïîäõîäîâ [1—5] íå ïîç-
âîëèëè ñîçäàòü êà÷åñòâåííî íîâóþ èíôîðìàöèîííóþ ñèñòåìó ãðèä. Â
÷àñòíîñòè èñïîëüçîâàíèå SPARQL çàïðîñîâ, ãåíåðèðóåìûõ îíòîëîãèé è
ìàëîýêñïðåññèâíûõ ÿçûêîâ îíòîëîãèé íå îáåñïå÷èëî äîñòàòî÷íî âåñîìî-
ãî ïðåèìóùåñòâà ïåðåä òðàäèöèîííûìè òåõíîëîãèÿìè.
Ïîñòàíîâêà çàäà÷è. Èñïîëüçóÿ ãèïîòåçó î òîì, ÷òî ñ ïîìîùüþ ñåìàí-
òè÷åñêèõ òåõíîëîãèé, ðàçâèâàþùèõñÿ â ðàìêàõ êîíöåïöèè ñåìàíòè÷åñêîé
ñåòè, ìîæåò áûòü ñîçäàí ñåìàíòè÷åñêèé èíôîðìàöèîííûé ñåðâèñ, îñíî-
âàííûé íà òåõíîëîãèÿõ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ çíàíèÿìè [6], ðàñ-
ñìîòðèì îíòîëîãèþ ãðèä-ðåñóðñîâ.
Îáúåäèíèì ñåìàíòè÷åñêèå òåõíîëîãèè ñ îäíèì èç áàçîâûõ êîìïîíåí-
òîâ ëþáîé ãðèä-ñèñòåìû — èíôîðìàöèîííûì ñåðâèñîì. Òàêîé ïîäõîä
À. Ñ. Ïîñïåøíûé, Ñ. Ã. Ñòèðåíêî
36 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2011. V. 33. ¹ 4
äàåò âîçìîæíîñòü ïîâûñèòü ýôôåêòèâíîñòü èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ãðèä-ñèñòåìû
âíåäðåíèåì â ìåõàíèçìû åå ðàáîòû ýëåìåíòîâ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûõ ñèñòåì,
àêöåíòèðóÿ âíèìàíèå íà çàäà÷å îðãàíèçàöèè è ïîèñêà ðåñóðñîâ.
Äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåííîé öåëè â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü íåîáõîäèìî
ðåàëèçîâàòü îäèí èç áàçîâûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîí-
íîãî ñåðâèñà — îíòîëîãèþ ãðèä-ðåñóðñîâ. Ïîä òåðìèíîì «îíòîëîãèÿ»
áóäåì ïîíèìàòü äåòàëüíóþ ôîðìàëèçàöèþ íåêîòîðîé îáëàñòè çíàíèé ñ
ïîìîùüþ êîíöåïòóàëüíîé ñõåìû. Îíòîëîãèÿ îïèñûâàåòñÿ ìíîæåñòâàìè
êëàññîâ, àòðèáóòîâ êëàññîâ, äîìåíîâ àòðèáóòîâ, îòíîøåíèé è ïðàâèë âû-
âîäà íà îñíîâå ýòèõ îòíîøåíèé. Ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ îíòîëîãèÿ äîëæíà ìàêñè-
ìàëüíî îòîáðàæàòü ñïåöèôèêó ãðèä-ñèñòåìû, îïèðàòüñÿ íà ñòàíäàðòèçèðî-
âàííûå òåõíîëîãèè è ÿçûêè è èìåòü âûñîêóþ ýêñïðåññèâíîñòü. Êðîìå òîãî,
íåîáõîäèìî íàëè÷èå ýôôåêòèâíûõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ ïî ðàçðàáîòêå è èñïîëüçî-
âàíèþ îíòîëîãèè, à òàêæå âîçìîæíîñòü äàëüíåéøåãî åå ðàñøèðåíèÿ, â ÷àñò-
íîñòè íà ñèñòåìû ëîãè÷åñêîãî âûâîäà è ïðîöåññîðû ïðàâèë.
Ñåìàíòè÷åñêèå òåõíîëîãèè. Êîíñîðöèóìîì W3C áûë ðàçðàáîòàí è
ñòàíäàðòèçèðîâàí íàáîð òåõíîëîãèé ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ çíàíèé â âèäå, ïðè-
ãîäíîì äëÿ ìàøèííîé îáðàáîòêè ñ ó÷åòîì äåöåíòðàëèçîâàííûõ ñèñòåì.
Ñðåäè òàêèõ òåõíîëîãèé îñîáûé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñëåäóþùèå:
XML — ñèíòàêñèñ äëÿ ñòðóêòóðèðîâàííûõ äîêóìåíòîâ (áåç ñåìàíòèêè).
RDF — ìîäåëü ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ äàííûõ â âèäå îðèåíòèðîâàííîãî ãðàôà.
RDFS — ñðåäñòâà îïèñàíèÿ ñâîéñòâ, êëàññîâ, èåðàðõèé RDF-ðåñóðñîâ.
OWL — îáøèðíûé ÿçûê îíòîëîãèé äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ñëîæíûõ ïîíÿòèé
è îòíîøåíèé.
SPARQL — ÿçûê çàïðîñîâ ê äàííûì, ïðåäñòàâëåííûì â ìîäåëè RDF.
RDF [7] — ýòî óíèâåðñàëüíûé ðàñøèðÿåìûé ÿçûê ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ èí-
ôîðìàöèè î ðåñóðñàõ. Áàçîâûé ñòðîèòåëüíûé áëîê â RDF — òðèïëåò
«îáúåêò — àòðèáóò — çíà÷åíèå», êîòîðûé îáû÷íî çàïèñûâàþò â âèäå
A(O,V). Ýòó ñâÿçü ìîæíî òàêæå ïðåäñòàâèòü êàê ðåáðî ñ ìåòêîé A, ñîåäè-
íÿþùåå äâà óçëà, O è V : [O] — A —> [V]. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ëþáîé îáúåêò
ìîæåò èãðàòü ðîëü çíà÷åíèÿ, ÷òî â ãðàôè÷åñêîì ïðåäñòàâëåíèè ñîîòâåòñò-
âóåò öåïî÷êå èç äâóõ ðåáåð ñ ìåòêàìè. Êðîìå òîãî, RDF äîïóñêàåò ôîðìó
ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ, â êîòîðîé ëþáîå âûðàæåíèå RDF â òðîéêå ìîæåò áûòü
îáúåêòîì èëè çíà÷åíèåì, ò.å. ãðàôû ìîãóò áûòü êàê âëîæåííûìè, òàê è
ëèíåéíûìè.
Îäíàêî RDF íå îáåñïå÷èâàåò ìåõàíèçìîâ íè äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ àòðèáóòîâ
ðåñóðñîâ, íè äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ îòíîøåíèé ìåæäó íèìè. Ýòó ðîëü âûïîë-
íÿåò RDFS. Ñ åãî ïîìîùüþ îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ èåðàðõèè êëàññîâ è ñâîéñòâ, à
òàêæå òàêèå ïîíÿòèÿ êàê «äîìåí» è «äèàïàçîí». Íî äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ êîíêðåò-
íûõ çàäà÷ âîçìîæíîñòåé RDF(S) ÷àñòî îêàçûâàåòñÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íî. Äëÿ
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2011. Ò. 33. ¹ 4 37
âûðàæåíèÿ áîëåå ñëîæíûõ îòíîøåíèé ìåæäó ïîíÿòèÿìè â RDF ðàçðà-
áîòàí OWL — ÿçûê îíòîëîãèé, ðàñøèðÿþùèé íàáîð òåðìèíîâ RDFS.
ßçûê OWL èìååò òðè äèàëåêòà: OWL-Lite (ñîîòâåòñòâóåò óðîâíþ SHIF (D)
äåñêðèïòèâíîé ëîãèêè), OWL-DL (îáëàäàåò âûðàçèòåëüíîé ìîùüþ, ýêâè-
âàëåíòíîé äåñêðèïòèâíîé ëîãèêå SHOIN (D)) è OWL-Full (íàèáîëåå âûðà-
çèòåëüíûé äèàëåêò ñ ñèíòàêñè÷åñêîé ñâîáîäîé RDF, íî íå îáëàäàþùèé
êà÷åñòâîì ðàçðåøèìîñòè) [8].
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îíòîëîãèÿ ôîðìèðóåò ïîíÿòèéíûé àïïàðàò, îïðåäåëÿÿ
ñóùíîñòè ñ èõ àòðèáóòàìè è îòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó íèìè. Îíòîëîãèþ ñ ýêçåìï-
ëÿðàìè ìîæíî ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê áàçó çíàíèé, êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçî-
âàíà äëÿ ëîãè÷åñêîãî âûâîäà (íà îñíîâå ïðèíöèïà ðåçîëþöèé) íîâûõ ôàêòîâ
èç èìåþùåéñÿ, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî ñòðóêòóðèðîâàííîé èíôîðìàöèè, à òàêæå
äëÿ ñîâåðøåíèÿ èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîãî ïîèñêà ýêçåìïëÿðîâ.
Ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîæåñòâî ðåàëèçàöèé ïðîöåññîðîâ óìîçàêëþ÷åíèé (rea-
soning engine) äëÿ OWL îíòîëîãèé, ðàçëè÷íûõ ïî âîçìîæíîñòÿì, îáëàñòè
ïðèìåíåíèÿ è êà÷åñòâó èñïîëíåíèÿ [9]. Îáîáùåííûé àíàëèç ïîçâîëÿåò
ðàçäåëèòü èõ íà òðè ãðóïïû â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ìåòîäà ðåàëèçàöèè:
1. Òàáëè÷íûå DL-ïðîöåññîðû. Òðàäèöèîííî èñïîëüçîâàëèñü ïåðâûìè
äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïîäîáíûõ çàäà÷. Èìåþò íèçêóþ ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü, íî
ñïîñîáíû ïðîèçâîäèòü óìîçàêëþ÷åíèÿ íà î÷åíü ñëîæíûõ îíòîëîãèÿõ ñ
ìíîæåñòâîì íåòðèâèàëüíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé. Ê ýòîìó êëàññó îòíîñÿòñÿ Pellet
[10], RacerPro [11], FaCT++ [12], à òàêæå HermiT [13] è SHER [14].
2. Äèçúþíêòèâíûå Datalog-ïðîöåññîðû. Òðàíñôîðìèðóþò îíòîëîãèþ
â äèçúþíêòèâíóþ Datalog ïðîãðàììó è èñïîëüçóþò ìåòîäèêó äåäóêòèâ-
íûõ áàç äàííûõ è ïðàâèëî ðåçîëþöèé. Òàêèå ïðîöåññîðû îáëàäàþò óäîâ-
ëåòâîðèòåëüíûì áûñòðîäåéñòâèåì ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè íåêîòîðûõ îïòèìè-
çàöèé, îäíàêî íå ïîääåðæèâàþò îïðåäåëåííûå OWL êîíñòðóêöèè, â ÷àñò-
íîñòè êàðäèíàëüíûå îãðàíè÷åíèÿ è íîìèíàëû. Ê ýòîé ãðóïïå îòíîñèòñÿ
KAON2 [15].
3. Ïðîöåññîðû ïðàâèë. Èñïîëüçóþò ñèñòåìû îáðàáîòêè ïðàâèë äëÿ óìî-
çàêëþ÷åíèé â îíòîëîãèÿõ. Èìåþò âûñîêóþ ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü, íî ìîãóò
îáðàáàòûâàòü ëèøü ïðîñòûå îíòîëîãèè, ëèøåííûå ìíîãèõ âàæíûõ êîíñòðóê-
öèé. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëè: Sesame/OWLIM [16], Jena [17], OWLJessKB [18].
 ðàáîòàõ [13, 19, 20] äàíà îöåíêà ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè óïîìÿíóòûõ
ïðîöåññîðîâ óìîçàêëþ÷åíèé è ñäåëàíû âûâîäû îá èõ ñëàáûõ è ñèëüíûõ
ñòîðîíàõ.
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ ãðèä. Ðàññìàòðèâàåìàÿ îíòîëîãèÿ îñíîâàíà íà
ñïåöèàëüíî ðàçðàáîòàííîé ñõåìå äëÿ èìåíîâàíèÿ ðåñóðñîâ â ãðèä –– Grid
Laboratory Uniform Environment, GLUE [21]. Ýòà ñõåìà ôèêñèðóåò âñå
äîñòóïíûå äëÿ ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ â ãðèä êîìïîíåíòû è èõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè è
À. Ñ. Ïîñïåøíûé, Ñ. Ã. Ñòèðåíêî
38 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2011. V. 33. ¹ 4
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â òàêèõ ñîâðåìåííûõ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ñåðâèñàõ êàê MDS
[22] è BDII [23].
Ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ îíòîëîãèÿ [24] ñîäåðæèò 65 êëàññîâ, 33 îáúåêòíûõ è
106 òèïèçèðîâàííûõ ñâîéñòâ è ñîîòâåòñòâóåò óðîâíþ SHIF (D) äåñêðèï-
òèâíîé ëîãèêè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äàííàÿ îíòîëîãèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íîðìàì
Lite äèàëåêòà ÿçûêà OWL.
Íà âåðõíåì óðîâíå ïðåäñòàâëåíû òðè êëàññà: GridEntity, DomainCon-
cept è Enumeration. Ïåðâûé êëàññ âûïîëíÿåò ðîëü ñóïåðêëàññà âñåõ áàçî-
âûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ãðèä, âòîðîé îïðåäåëÿåò äîìåííûå âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå êîí-
öåïöèè, à òðåòèé èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ïåðå÷èñëÿåìûõ ñóùíîñòåé.
Îíòîëîãèÿ îïðåäåëÿåò ñëåäóþùèå áàçîâûå ýëåìåíòû ãðèä-ñèñòåìû
(ðèñ. 1):
CoreEntity — áàçîâàÿ ñóùíîñòü: Service è Site (ñåðâèñ è ïëîùàäêà).
ComputingResource –– âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé ðåñóðñ: Cluster, SubCluster,
ComputingElement (êëàñòåð, ïîäêëàñòåð è âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé ýëåìåíò).
StorageResource –– íàêîïèòåëüíûé ðåñóðñ: StorageElement è Storage
Area (íàêîïèòåëüíûé ýëåìåíò è îáëàñòü õðàíåíèÿ).
Íà ðèñ. 2 è 3 èçîáðàæåíà èåðàðõèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâåííî DomainConcept
(âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé) è Enumeration (ïåðå÷èñëÿåìûõ ïîíÿòèé). Îáå
ãðóïïû ïîíÿòèé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ îïèñàíèÿ áàçîâûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ãðèä.
Ïîíÿòèå «ïëîùàäêà» îïðåäåëÿåò ìíîæåñòâî ðåñóðñîâ, óñòàíîâëåííûõ
è óïðàâëÿåìûõ îïðåäåëåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé èëè ïåðñîíîé, à ïîíÿòèå «ñåð-
âèñ» — àáñòðàêöèþ îïðåäåëåííîãî ïðîãðàììíîãî ìîäóëÿ, ðåàëèçóþùåãî
âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ìåæäó êëèåíòîì è ñåðâåðîì ïîñðåäñòâîì ïåðåñûëêè ñî-
îáùåíèé. Â òàáë. 1 è äàëåå äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ýëåìåíòîâ îíòîëîãèè èñïîëü-
çóåòñÿ Ìàí÷åñòåðñêèé ñèíòàêñèñ [25]. Òàê, ýêçèñòåíöèàëüíàÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ
� îïðåäåëåíà êëþ÷åâûì ñëîâîì some, à êâàíòîð âñåîáùíîñòè � — ñëîâîì
only è ò. ä.
 òàáë. 2 ïðèâåäåíû îïðåäåëåíèÿ îíòîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîíÿòèé «êëàñòåð»,
«ïîäêëàñòåð» è «âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé ýëåìåíò». Êëàñòåð îïðåäåëÿåò ìíîæåñò-
âî âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ìàøèí ïîä óïðàâëåíèåì åäèíîé ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ.
Ïîäêëàñòåð îïèñûâàåò ìíîæåñòâî ãîìîãåííûõ õîñòîâ â ñîñòàâå êëàñòåðà.
Âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé ýëåìåíò îïðåäåëÿåò ñëóæáó, óïðàâëÿþùóþ çàäà÷àìè, è
ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò âû÷èñëèòåëüíûå ðåñóðñû äëÿ èõ âûïîëíåíèÿ.
Íàêîïèòåëüíûé ýëåìåíò àáñòðàãèðóåò ðåñóðñ õðàíåíèÿ äàííûõ, îïðå-
äåëÿåìûé ãðóïïîé ñåðâèñîâ, ïðîòîêîëîì, òèïîì õðàíèëèùà èíôîðìàöèè
è äð. (òàáë. 3). Îáëàñòü õðàíåíèÿ — ýòî ëîãè÷åñêèé ðàçäåë îáùåãî õðàíè-
ëèùà äàííûõ, âûäåëåííûé äëÿ êîíêðåòíîé âèðòóàëüíîé îðãàíèçàöèè.
Îïðåäåëåííûå â îíòîëîãèè âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå è ïåðå÷èñëÿåìûå ñóù-
íîñòè ïîìîãàþò îïèñàòü áàçîâûå ýëåìåíòû ãðèä, ïðåäñòàâëÿÿ îòäåëüíûå
èõ àñïåêòû, õàðàêòåðèñòèêè è ðåæèìû ðàáîòû [26].
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2011. Ò. 33. ¹ 4 39
À. Ñ. Ïîñïåøíûé, Ñ. Ã. Ñòèðåíêî
40 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2011. V. 33. ¹ 4
Thing
GridEntity
ComputingResourceCoreEntity
is-a
is-a
is-a is-a is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
StorageResource
Service Site Cluster ComputingElement SubClucter StorageElement StorageArea
Ðèñ. 1. Èåðàðõèÿ áàçîâûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ãðèä
Enumeration
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
FileSystemType
ServiceType
SEStatus
JobStatus
ServiceStatus
LRMSType
StorageDeviceType
AccessProtocolType
ExpirationMode
RetentionPolicy
CEStatus
AccessLatency
ControlProtocolType
SEArchitecture
Ðèñ. 2. Èåðàðõèÿ âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ ïîíÿòèé
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2011. Ò. 33. ¹ 4 41
is-a
CEState
is-ais-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
is-a
Location
Contact
VOInfo
CEPolicy
Softw reDataa
Host
AccessControlBaseRule
Software
ServiceDate
Implementation
HostCharacteristic
CEInfo
Job
Protocol
Subject
VOView
Sponsor
Owner
ControlProtocol
AccessProtocol
Benchmark
FileSystem
NetworkAdapter
ApplicationSoftware
StorageDevice
Architecture
OperatingSystem
MainMemory
Processor
Load
StoragePartition
UserSupportContact
EmailContact
SysAdminContact
SecurityContact
DomainConcept
Ðèñ. 3. Èåðàðõèÿ ïåðå÷èñëÿåìûõ ïîíÿòèé
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå îíòîëîãèè. Îíòîëîãèÿ ðàçðàáîòàíà ñ ïîìîùüþ ðå-
äàêòîðà îíòîëîãèé è èíñòðóìåíòà ïîñòðîåíèÿ áàç çíàíèé Protege 4.1 [26].
Ðåäàêòîð Protege íå âûïîëíÿåò îáðàáîòêó çíàíèé â îíòîëîãèè, ò.å. íå
ñîäåðæèò ïðîöåññîðà óìîçàêëþ÷åíèé. Äëÿ ýòèõ öåëåé âíåøíèå ïðîöåñ-
ñîðû äîëæíû áûòü ïîäêëþ÷åíû ïîñðåäñòâîì èíòåðôåéñà OWLAPI [27].
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42 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2011. V. 33. ¹ 4
Êëàñòåð Ïîäêëàñòåð Âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé ýëåìåíò
Class: Cluster
SubClassOf:
ComputingResource,
contains some
(ComputingElement
or SubCluster),
partOf some Site,
hasName some string,
hasTmpDir some string,
hasUniqueID some string,
hasWNTmpDir some string
Class: SubCluster
SubClassOf:
ComputingResource,
describedBy some Host,
describedBy some Software,
partOf some Cluster,
hasLogicalCPUs some integer,
hasName some string,
hasPhysicalCPUs some integer,
hasTmpDir some string,
hasUniqueID some string,
hasWNTmpDir some string
Class: ComputingElement
SubClassOf:
ComputingResource,
hasAccessControlBaseRule some
AccessControlBaseRule,
hasImplementation some Implementation,
hasInfo some CEInfo,
hasPolicy some CEPolicy,
hasState some CEState,
hasVOView only VOView,
hasCapability some string,
hasInformationServiceURL some anyURI,
hasName some string,
hasUniqueID some string
Òàáëèöà 2
Ïëîùàäêà Ñåðâèñ
Class: Site
SubClassOf:
CoreEntity,
contains some
(Cluster
or Service
or StorageElement),
hasContact some Contact,
hasLocation some Location,
hasSponsor some Sponsor,
hasDescription some string,
hasName some string,
hasOtherInfo some string,
hasUniqueID some string,
hasWeb some string
Class: Service
SubClassOf:
CoreEntity,
hasAccessControlBaseRule some
AccessControlBaseRule,
hasOwner some Owner,
hasStatus some ServiceStatus,
hasType some ServiceType,
hasServiceData only ServiceData,
inRelationshipWith only Service,
hasEndpoint some string,
hasName some string,
hasSemantics some string,
hasStartTime some string,
hasStatusInfo some string,
hasUniqueID some string,
hasVersion some string,
hasWSDL some string
Òàáëèöà 1
Îäíàêî îíòîëîãèÿ — ýòî âñåãî ëèøü íàáîð òåðìèíîëîãè÷åñêèõ àê-
ñèîì èëè òàê íàçûâàåìûé TBox(T). Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îíòîëîãèÿ ñòàëà ðàáî-
òîñïîñîáíîé, íåîáõîäèìî íàïîëíèòü åå íàáîðîì óòâåðæäåíèé îá èíäèâè-
äàõ, ò.å. ñîçäàòü ABox(A ). Âìåñòå ABox è ÒBox ñîñòàâëÿþò áàçó çíàíèé
(K), êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà äëÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ çíàíèé è èõ
ëîãè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà. Äëÿ ýòèõ öåëåé ðàçðàáîòàíà ïðîãðàìà [28] èìïîð-
òèðîâàíèÿ äàííûõ èç LHC Computing Grid (WLCG), ñàìîé ìàñøòàáíîé â
íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ãðèä-ñèñòåìû, îáñëóæèâàþùåé ïðîâåäåíèå ýêñïåðèìåí-
òîâ íà Áîëüøîì àäðîííîì êîëëàéäåðå.
Ðàçðàáîòàííîå ïðèëîæåíèå óñòàíàâëèâàåò ñîåäèíåíèå ñ êîðíåâûì
ñåðâåðîì èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä (top-BDII) ïî ïðîòîêîëó LDAP è
ôîðìèðóåò ìíîæåñòâî óòâåðæäåíèé îá ýêçåìïëÿðàõ ãðèä-ðåñóðñîâ, îïè-
ðàÿñü íà äàííóþ îíòîëîãèþ. Ïðè ýòîì ðåçóëüòàò âûäàåòñÿ â âèäå OWL
ôàéëà ñî ññûëêîé íà TBox îíòîëîãèþ, îïðåäåëåííóþ â îòäåëüíîì ôàéëå.
Ïðîãðàììà ïîçâîëÿåò çàäàòü ïîëüçîâàòåëþ òèïû îáðàáàòûâàåìûõ ðåñóðñîâ,
íåîáõîäèìûõ ê èìïîðòèðîâàíèþ. Ïðèëîæåíèå íå îãðàíè÷åííî LHC ãðèäîì
è ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíî äëÿ èìïîðòà äàííûõ èç äðóãèõ ãðèä-ñèñòåì,
èñïîëüçóþùèõ BDII èëè MDS â êà÷åñòâå èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà.
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2011. Ò. 33. ¹ 4 43
Íàêîïèòåëüíûé ýëåìåíò Îáëàñòü õðàíåíèÿ
Class: StorageElement
SubClassOf:
StorageResource,
hasArchitecture some
SEArchitecture,
hasImplementation some
Implementation,
hasProtocol some
(AccessProtocol
or ControlProtocol),
hasStatus some SEStatus,
manages some StorageArea,
partOf some Site,
hasInformationServiceURL some
string,
hasName some string,
hasTotalNearlineSize some integer,
hasTotalOnlineSize some integer,
hasUniqueID some string,
hasUsedNearlineSize some integer,
hasUsedOnlineSize some integer
Class: StorageArea
SubClassOf:
StorageResource,
hasAccessControlBaseRule some
AccessControlBaseRule,
hasAccessLatency some AccessLatency,
hasExpirationMode some ExpirationMode,
hasRetentionPolicy some
RetentionPolicy,
managedBy some StorageElement,
hasVOInfo only VOInfo,
hasCapability some string,
hasFreeNearlineSize some integer,
hasFreeOnlineSize some integer,
hasLocalID some string,
hasName some string,
hasPath some string,
hasReservedNearlineSize some integer,
hasReservedOnlineSize some integer,
hasTotalNearlineSize some integer,
hasTotalOnlineSize some integer,
hasUsedNearlineSize some integer,
hasUsedOnlineSize some integer
Òàáëèöà 3
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñ ïîìîùüþ ñôîðìèðîâàííîé áàçû çíàíèé ïîëüçî-
âàòåëü ìîæåò ñîâåðøàòü çàïðîñû íåîáõîäèìûõ ðåñóðñîâ, îïèðàÿñü íà
îïðåäåëåíèÿ â îíòîëîãèè. Âàæíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ òî, ÷òî ïîëüçîâàòåëü ìîæåò
ðàñøèðÿòü íàáîð òåðìèíîëîãè÷åñêèõ àêñèîì ôàêòàìè, äîïîëíÿÿ áàçîâóþ
îíòîëîãèþ è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, áàçó çíàíèé âñå áîëüøèì ÷èñëîì ôàêòîâ,
êîòîðûå áóäóò èñïîëüçîâàíû äëÿ èçâëå÷åíèÿ íåÿâíîé èíôîðìàöèè íà
îñíîâå óæå èìåþùèõñÿ ôàêòîâ.
Ðàññìîòðèì ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ïðèìåð. Îïðåäåëèì êëàññ FreeCE êàê
âû÷èñëèòåëüíûé óçåë, êîòîðûé â äàííûé ìîìåíò íå âûïîëíÿåò íèêàêèõ
çàäàíèé, èìååò ïóñòóþ î÷åðåäü çàäà÷ è ñïîñîáåí ïðèíèìàòü íîâûå
çàäàíèÿ:
FreeCE � ComputingElement and hasState some
(CEState and hasRunningJobs value 0
and hasWaitingJobs value 0
and hasFreeJobSlots some integer[>0])
Îïðåäåëèì êëàññ MPI_Enabled_Cluster êàê êëàñòåð, ïîääåðæèâàþùèé
òåõíîëîãèþ MPI (ñîñòîèò èç õîñòîâ, â êîòîðûõ çàÿâëåíà ïîääåðæêà ïàêåòà
OpenMPI):
MPI_Enabled_Cluster � SubCluster and describedBy some
(Host and describedBy some
(ApplicationSoftware and hasRunTimeEnvironment value “OPENMPI”))
Îïèðàÿñü íà ýòè êîíöåïöèè, îïðåäåëèì êëàññ SiteForMyAp äëÿ íà-
õîæäåíèÿ ïëîùàäêè ãðèä, êîòîðàÿ ñîäåðæèò êëàñòåð ñ ïîääåðæêîé MPI,
ìèíèìóì 100 ïðîöåññîðîâ è ñâîáîäåí äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ çàäà÷:
SiteForMyApp � Site and (contains some FreeCE ) and (contains some
(MPI_Enabled_Cluster and hasPhysicalCPUs some integer[>100]))
Ïîñëå ïðîöåññà êëàññèôèêàöèè èíäèâèäû, ïðèíàäëåæàùèå òèïó
SiteForMyApp, áóäóò ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü èñêîìûì ðåñóðñàì, à êëàññ äîñòó-
ïåí äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ïðè ñîçäàíèè áîëåå ñëîæíûõ çàïðîñîâ.
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñîçäàâàÿ ñâîé ñëîâàðü òåðìèíîâ è ïîíÿòèé, ïîëüçî-
âàòåëü îáëåã÷àåò çàäà÷ó îðãàíèçàöèè è ïîèñêà ðåñóðñîâ â ãðèä. Íàïðèìåð,
ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü ìíîæåñòâî ïðîãðàìì è èõ òðåáîâàíèÿ ïî ðåñóðñàì è
ñîâåðøàòü ïîèñê çàïðîñîì «íàéòè âñå ðåñóðñû, óäîâëåòâîðÿþùèå òðåáî-
âàíèÿ ïðîãðàììû Õ» èëè îïðåäåëèòü çàäà÷è, êîòîðûå ðåøàþò ýòè ïðî-
ãðàììû, è èñêàòü ðåñóðñû, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ ýòèõ çàäà÷ (íà-
ïðèìåð, «êàêèå ðåñóðñû ãðèä ïîäõîäÿò äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷è ìîäåëèðî-
âàíèÿ æèäêîñòè?»).
Äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî ðàñøèðåíèÿ âîçìîæíîñòåé îíòîëîãèè öåëåñîîáðàç-
íî èñïîëüçîâàòü ÿçûê ïðàâèë SWRL [29]. Ñ åãî ïîìîùüþ ìîæíî ñîçäàâàòü
ñâîè ïðàâèëà ëîãè÷åñêèõ çàêëþ÷åíèé, íå ïðåäóñìîòðåííûå ÿçûêîì OWL 2
À. Ñ. Ïîñïåøíûé, Ñ. Ã. Ñòèðåíêî
44 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2011. V. 33. ¹ 4
[30], è òàêèì îáðàçîì åùå áîëüøå ðàñøèðÿòü âîçìîæíîñòè èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ
îíòîëîãèé. Äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåííîé çàäà÷è êëþ÷åâóþ ðîëü èãðàåò
ïðîöåññîð óìîçàêëþ÷åíèé. Ñðåäè óêàçàííûõ âûøå ïðîöåññîðîâ ëèøü
íåñêîëüêî óäîâëåòâîðÿþò ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì òðåáîâàíèÿì. Òàê, íàïðèìåð,
ñðåäè ïðîäóêòîâ ïåðâîé ãðóïïû ïðàêòè÷åñêèé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò Pel-
let. Ïðîöåññîðû HermiT è FaÑT++ íå îïòèìèçèðîâàíû äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ
ýêçåìïëÿðàìè (áîëüøèì ABox), RacerPro ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàêðûòûì êîììåð÷åñ-
êèì ïðîäóêòîì, à SHER ïîêà íåäîñòàòî÷íî ñòàáèëåí äëÿ ïðîìûøëåííîãî
èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ.
Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü âòîðîé ãðóïïû — ïðîåêò KAON2 — íå îáåñïå÷èâàåò
ïîääåðæêó ÿçûêà OWL2 è èíòåðôåéñà OWLAPI è â äàííûé ìîìåíò ïðå-
êðàòèë ñâîå ðàçâèòèå.
 òðåòüþ ãðóïïó âõîäÿò íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûå ïðîöåññîðû. Ñêî-
ðîñòü îáðàáîòêè äàííûõ â Jena è OWLIM áîëåå ÷åì äîñòàòî÷íà äëÿ ïðàê-
òè÷åñêîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ. Îäíàêî ïðîöåññîðû äàííîé ãðóïïû ñïîñîáíû ïîä-
äåðæèâàòü îòíîñèòåëüíî íåáîëüøóþ ýêñïðåññèâíîñòü îíòîëîãèé, îãðàíè-
÷åííóþ â îñíîâíîì ïðîñòûìè êîíñòðóêöèÿìè. Íàïðèìåð, îòñóòñòâóåò
ïîääåðæêà ëîãè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà òèïèçèðîâàííûõ ñâîéñòâ, ÷òî äåëàåò
íåâîçìîæíûì âûðàæåíèå êîíöåïöèé, èñïîëüçóåìûõ âûøå â êà÷åñòâå
ïðèìåðà.
Âûâîäû
Ïðåäñòàâëåííàÿ îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ ãðèä ñòàíîâèòñÿ ôóíäàìåíòîì äëÿ
ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà, êîòîðûé ïîìîãàåò ýôôåêòèâ-
íî è óäîáíî èñïîëüçîâàòü ãðèä-ñèñòåìû äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷. Ïðèìåíåíèå
ñåìàíòè÷åñêèõ òåõíîëîãèé îòêðûâàåò ìíîæåñòâî âîçìîæíîñòåé è ïåðñ-
ïåêòèâ äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ áàçîâûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ãðèä-ñèñ-
òåì, ñïîñîáñòâóåò ïîÿâëåíèþ íîâûõ ìîäåëåé âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ïîëüçîâà-
òåëÿ ñ íèìè è äàåò òîë÷îê ê «èíòåëëåêòóàëèçàöèè» è ñîçäàíèþ áîëåå
êîìôîðòíûõ è äîñòóïíûõ ñåðâèñîâ.
The ontology of resources for semantic information service of grids have been presented, pecu-
liarities of using semantic technologies in grid-systems have been considered.
1. Tangmunarunkit H., Decker S., Kesselman C. Ontology-based resource matching in the Grid —
the Grid meets the semantic web // The SemanticWeb-ISWC 2003. — 2003. — Ð. 706—721.
2. Ambrosi E., Bianchi M., Gaibisso C., Gambosi G. A Description Logic based Grid Inferen-
tial Monitoring and Discovery Framework // Proc. of the 2005 International Conference on
Grid Computing and Applications. — 2005. — P. 18—23.
3. Parkin M., Van den Burghe S., Corcho O. et al. The knowledge of the grid: A grid ontology //
Proc. of the 6-th Cracow Grid Workshop. — 2006. — P. 111—118.
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2011. Ò. 33. ¹ 4 45
4. Said M., Kojima I. S-MDS: Semantic Monitoring and Discovery System for the Grid // Jour-
nal of Grid Computing. — 2008. — Vol. 7, N 2. — P. 205—224.
5. Xing W., Corcho O. et al. An ActOn-based semantic information service for Grids // Future
Generation Computer Systems. — 2010. — Vol. 26, N 3. — P. 324—336.
6. Ñòèðåíêî Ñ. Ã., Ïîñïåøíûé À. Ñ., Áàðàáàø Ì. À. Èíôîðìàöèîííûå ñåðâèñû GRID-
ñèñòåì. Èõ íåäîñòàòêè è ñåìàíòè÷åñêèé ïîäõîä ê èõ ðåøåíèþ // Ðîçïîä³ëåí³ êîìï’þ-
òåðí³ ñèñòåìè: Çá. ïðàöü þâ³ëåéíî¿ ì³æíàðîäíî¿ íàóêîâî-ïðàêòè÷íî¿ êîíôåðåíö³¿
ÐÊÑ-2010. — Êè¿â: ÍÒÓÓ «Êϲ», 2010. — Ñ. 26—28.
7. Ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ Resource description framework (RDF). — http://www.w3.org/ RDF/.
8. Ñïåöèôèêàöèÿ Web Ontology Language (OWL). — http://www.w3.org/ TR/owl-ref/.
9. http://www.w3.org/2007/OWL/wiki/Implementations
10. Sirin E., Parsia B., Grau B. åt al. Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner. // Web Semantics:
science, services and agents on the World Wide Web. — 2007. — Vol. 5, N 2. — P. 51—53.
11. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà RacerPro. — http://www.racer-systems.com/
12. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà FaCT++. — http://owl.man.ac.uk/factplusplus/
13. Shearer R., Motik B., Horrocks I. Hermit: A highly-efficient owl reasoner. // Proc. of the 5-th
International Workshop on OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2008). — 2008. —
Vol. 432.
14. Dolby J., Fokoue A., Kalyanpur A. et al. Scalable highly expressive reasoner (SHER). //
Web Semantics. —2009. — P. 357—361.
15. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà KAON2. — http://kaon2.semanticweb.org/
16. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà OWLIM. — http://www.ontotext.com/owlim/
17. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà Jena. — http://jena.sourceforge.net/
18. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà OWLjessKB. — http://edge.cs.drexel.edu/assemblies/software/owljesskb/
19. Rock J., Haase P., Ji Q., Volz R. Benchmarking OWL reasoners // ARea2008 — Workshop
on Advancing Reasoning on the Web: Scalability and Commonsense. — 2008. — Vol.
5021. — P. 1—15.
20. Weithoner T., Liebig T., Luther M et al. Real-world reasoning with OWL // The Semantic
Web: Research and Applications. — 2007. — P. 296—310.
21. Andreozzi S., Burke S., Donno F et. al. GLUE Schema Specification (version 1.3). —
http://gluschema.forge.cnaf.infn.it/Spec/V13 .
22. Czajkowski K., Fitzgerald S., Foster I., Kesselman C. Grid information services for distri-
buted resource sharing // Proc. of the 10-th IEEE International Symposium on High Perfor-
mance Distributed Computing. — IEEE Press. — 2001. — P. 181—195.
23. Äîêóìåíòàöèÿ ê ïðîåêòó Berkeley Database Information Index V5. —https://twiki.
cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/EGEE/BDII/.
24. http://grid-ontology.googlecode.come/files/GLUE.owl
25. Horridge M., Drummond N., Goodwin J. The manchester owl syntax // Second International
Workshop «OWL: Experiences and Directions (OWLED 2006). — 2006. — Vol. 216.
26. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà Protege. — http://protege.stanford.edu/
27. Âåá-ðåñóðñ ïðîåêòà OWLAPI. — http://owlapi.sourceforge.net/
28. http://code.google.com/p/grid-ontology/source/checkout/
29. Ïðåäëîæåíèå ñòàíäàðòà SWRL. — http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/
30. Andreozzi S., Burke S., Ehm F. et al. GLUE Schema Specification (version 2.0). — http://
www.gridforum/org/documents/GFD.147.pdf
Ïîñòóïèëà 11.01.11
À. Ñ. Ïîñïåøíûé, Ñ. Ã. Ñòèðåíêî
46 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2011. V. 33. ¹ 4
ÏÎÑÏÅØÍÛÉ Àëåêñàíäð Ñåðãååâè÷, àñïèðàíò êàôåäðû âû÷èñëèòåëüíîé òåõíèêè Íàöèî-
íàëüíîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà «ÊÏÈ», êîòîðûé îêîí÷èë â 2009 ã. Îáëàñòü íàó÷íûõ
èññëåäîâàíèé — ïîñòðîåíèå ñõåì ìåòàäàííûõ è îíòîëîãèé äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà èíòåëëåê-
òóàëüíîãî ïîèñêà è ñåìàíòè÷åñêîé ñîâìåñòèìîñòè ðàçíîðîäíûõ, ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè ðàñïðåäå-
ëåííûõ ðåñóðñîâ íàöèîíàëüíîé ãðèä-èíôðàñòðóêòóðû.
ÑÒÈÐÅÍÊÎ Ñåðãåé Ãðèãîðüåâè÷, êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äèðåêòîð öåíòðà ñóïåðêîìïüþòåðíûõ
âû÷èñëåíèé Íàöèîíàëüíîãî òåõíè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà «ÊÏÈ».  1995 ã. îêîí÷èë Íàöèî-
íàëüíûé òåõíè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò «ÊÏÈ». Îáëàñòü íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé – îðãàíèçàöèÿ
ýôôåêòèâíûõ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ãåòåðîãåííûõ âûñîêîïðîèçâîäèòåëüíûõ ñðåäàõ;
ýêñòðåìàëüíûå ïàðàëëåëüíûå âû÷èñëåíèÿ äëÿ ïðîáëåìíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ ïðåäìåòíûõ
îáëàñòåé; ïîñòðîåíèå ñõåì ìåòàäàííûõ è îíòîëîãèé äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà èíòåëëåê-
òóàëüíîãî ïîèñêà è ñåìàíòè÷åñêîé ñîâìåñòèìîñòè ðàçíîðîäíûõ, ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè ðàñïðåäå-
ëåííûõ ðåñóðñîâ íàöèîíàëüíîé ãðèä-èíôðàñòðóêòóðû.
Îíòîëîãèÿ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ñåìàíòè÷åñêîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà ãðèä
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2011. Ò. 33. ¹ 4 47
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|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-61771 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0204-3572 |
| language | Russian |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:45:11Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Інститут проблем моделювання в енергетиці ім. Г.Є. Пухова НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Поспешный, А.С. Стиренко, С.Г. 2014-05-11T12:00:10Z 2014-05-11T12:00:10Z 2011 Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид / А.С. Поспешный, С.Г. Стиренко // Электронное моделирование. — 2011 — Т. 33, № 4. — С. 35-47. — Бібліогр.: 30 назв. — рос. 0204-3572 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/61771 004.75 Представлена онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид и рассмотрены особенности применения семантических технологий в грид-системах. Подано онтологію ресурсів для семантичного інформаційного сервісу грід та розглянуто особливості застосування семантичних технологій в грід-системах. The ontology of resources for semantic information service of grids have been presented, peculiarities of using semantic technologies in grid-systems have been considered. ru Інститут проблем моделювання в енергетиці ім. Г.Є. Пухова НАН України Электронное моделирование Информационные технологии Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид Поспешный, А.С. Стиренко, С.Г. Информационные технологии |
| title | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид |
| title_full | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид |
| title_fullStr | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид |
| title_full_unstemmed | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид |
| title_short | Онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид |
| title_sort | онтология ресурсов для семантического информационного сервиса грид |
| topic | Информационные технологии |
| topic_facet | Информационные технологии |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/61771 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pospešnyias ontologiâresursovdlâsemantičeskogoinformacionnogoservisagrid AT stirenkosg ontologiâresursovdlâsemantičeskogoinformacionnogoservisagrid |