The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland
A survey of shallow freshwaters of Iceland was conducted in June and July 1996. The 34 stations prospected were rainpools, ditches, wetlands. The composition of their crustacean communities, investigated by qualitative net samples, is discussed in relation to water characteristics. One notostracan,...
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2000
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| Cite this: | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland / O. Scher, D. Defaye, N.M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry // Вестник зоологии. — 2000. — Т. 34, № 6. — С. 11-25. — Бібліогр.: 52 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Scher, O. Defaye, D. Korovchinsky, N.M. Thiéry, A. |
| author_facet | Scher, O. Defaye, D. Korovchinsky, N.M. Thiéry, A. |
| citation_txt | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland / O. Scher, D. Defaye, N.M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry // Вестник зоологии. — 2000. — Т. 34, № 6. — С. 11-25. — Бібліогр.: 52 назв. — англ. |
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| description | A survey of shallow freshwaters of Iceland was conducted in June and July 1996. The 34 stations prospected were rainpools, ditches, wetlands. The composition of their crustacean communities, investigated by qualitative net samples, is discussed in relation to water characteristics. One notostracan, Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793), 17 cladoceran species (5 Daphniidae, 10 Chydoridae, 1 Macrothricidae, 1 Polyphemidae), and 12 copepods (2 Diaptomidae, 7 Cyclopidae, 3 Canthocamptidae) were identified. Two species are reported for the first time from Iceland: the diaptomid Diaptomus (Chaetodiaptomus) rostripes Herbst, 1955 and the chydorid Alona rustica Scott, 1895. Taxonomical comments about different species are added, and their ecological pecularities are given. The species richness as well as the biogeographical features of the freshwater zooplankton of Iceland are discussed in relation to neighbouring Greenland and Northern Europe.
Обследование мелких пресных водоемов Исландии проведено в июне-июле 1996 г. Материал собирался в дождевых и талых лужах, канавах, болотах. Среди 30 обнаруженных видов отмечены 1 вид щитней Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793), 17 видов ветвистоусых ракообразных (5 представителей сем. Daphnidae, 10 Chydoridae, 1 Macrothricidae, 1 Polyphemidae), 12 видов веслоногих ракобразных (2 вида сем. Diaptomidae, 7 Cyclopidae, 3 Canthocamptidae). Два вида указаны впервые для фауны Исландии: Diaptomus (Chaetodiatomus) rostripes Herbst, 1955 и Alona rustica Scott, 1895. Состав ракообразных в водоемах обсуждается в связи с экологической характеристикой последних. Для отдельных видов представлены краткие таксономические и экологические замечания. Обсуждаются видовое разнообразие и биогеографические особенности Исландии в связи с фаунистическими контактами с Гренландией и северной Европой.
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Vestnik zoologii, 34(6): 11—25, 2000
© 2000 O. Scher, D. Defaye, N. M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry
UDC595.3(491.1)
THE CRUSTACEAN FAUNA (BRANCHIOPODA, COPEPODA)
OF SHALLOW FRESHWATER BODIES IN ICELAND
O. Scher1, D. Defaye2, N. M. Korovchinsky3, A. Thiéry1 (corresponding author)
1 Université de Provence, Case 18, 3 Place Victor Hugo,Marseille cedex 3, France
2 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, Paris, F-75005 France
3 A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky pr-t, 33, Moscow, 117071 Russia
Accepted 20 December 1999
The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland. Scher O., De-
faye D., Korovchinsky N. M., Thiéry A. – A survey of shallow freshwaters of Iceland was conducted in June
and July 1996. The 34 stations prospected were rainpools, ditches, wetlands. The composition of their crusta-
cean communities, investigated by qualitative net samples, is discussed in relation to water characteristics. One
notostracan, Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793), 17 cladoceran species (5 Daphniidae, 10 Chydoridae,
1 Macrothricidae, 1 Polyphemidae), and 12 copepods (2 Diaptomidae, 7 Cyclopidae, 3 Canthocamptidae)
were identified. Two species are reported for the first time from Iceland: the diaptomid Diaptomus (Chaetodiap-
tomus) rostripes Herbst, 1955 and the chydorid Alona rustica Scott, 1895. Taxonomical comments about differ-
ent species are added, and their ecological pecularities are given. The species richness as well as the bio-
geographical features of the freshwater zooplankton of Iceland are discussed in relation to neighbouring
Greenland and Northern Europe.
Key wo rd s : Branchiopoda, Copepoda, species richness, distribution, biogeography, Iceland.
Ôàóíà ðàêîîáðàçíûõ (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) ìåëêèõ ïðåñíûõ âîäîåìîâ Èñëàíäèè. Øåð Î., Äåôàé Ä.,
Êîðîâ÷èíñêèé Í. Ì., Òüåðè À. – Îáñëåäîâàíèå ìåëêèõ ïðåñíûõ âîäîåìîâ Èñëàíäèè ïðîâåäåíî â èþ-
íå-èþëå 1996 ã. Ìàòåðèàë ñîáèðàëñÿ â äîæäåâûõ è òàëûõ ëóæàõ, êàíàâàõ, áîëîòàõ. Ñðåäè 30 îáíàðó-
æåííûõ âèäîâ îòìå÷åíû 1 âèä ùèòíåé Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793), 17 âèäîâ âåòâèñòîóñûõ ðàêîîá-
ðàçíûõ (5 ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ñåì. Daphnidae, 10 – Chydoridae, 1 – Macrothricidae, 1 – Polyphemidae),
12 âèäîâ âåñëîíîãèõ ðàêîáðàçíûõ (2 âèäà ñåì. Diaptomidae, 7 – Cyclopidae, 3 – Canthocamptidae). Äâà
âèäà óêàçàíû âïåðâûå äëÿ ôàóíû Èñëàíäèè: Diaptomus (Chaetodiatomus) rostripes Herbst, 1955 è Alona
rustica Scott, 1895. Ñîñòàâ ðàêîîáðàçíûõ â âîäîåìàõ îáñóæäàåòñÿ â ñâÿçè ñ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé õàðàêòåðè-
ñòèêîé ïîñëåäíèõ. Äëÿ îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ ïðåäñòàâëåíû êðàòêèå òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèå è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå çà-
ìå÷àíèÿ. Îáñóæäàþòñÿ âèäîâîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå è áèîãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè Èñëàíäèè â ñâÿçè ñ
ôàóíèñòè÷åñêèìè êîíòàêòàìè ñ Ãðåíëàíäèåé è ñåâåðíîé Åâðîïîé.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà : Branchiopoda, Copepoda, âèäîâîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, áèîãåîãðàôèÿ,
Èñëàíäèÿ.
Introduction
In Iceland, freshwater habitats are common and frequent, represented by many lakes, as well as springs, rivers,
and temporary ponds, of these the lakes have received the most attention. In the North, Lake Myvatn and the river
Laxá had been the subject of detailed investigations headed by Dr. P. M. Jónasson (Jónasson, 1979), while in the
South-East, Lake Thingvallavatn had been the subject of intensive researches (Jónasson, 1992). These studies de-
scribed both biological features and environmental conditions and provide extensive data on geology, climate and the
vertebrate fauna.
The freshwater fauna of Iceland has been also the subject of investigations by de Guerne, Richard (1892 a, b),
Wesenberg-Lund (1894), Poulsen (1924), Larsen, Røen (1964), Elgmork, Halvorsen (1971) and Antonsson (1992).
However, the shallow waterbodies have remained less well known. In order to improve our knowledge of inland
waters in Iceland, a survey of several freshwater locations was carried out during the summer of 1996. Thirty four
different stations, located all around the island, were sampled. These included different kinds of small freshwater
biotopes, such as shallow lakes, temporary ponds, pools, and spring mosses.
O. Scher, D. Defaye, N. M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry 12
Material and methods
S tudy a r e a and c l ima t e . Iceland is a subpolar island situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with high vol-
canic activity (e. g. the spectacular volcanic eruption in Bardarbunga, Vatnajökull on 11 october 1996). This moun-
tainous island extends from 63°25′ to 66°30′ N, and from 13°30′ to 24°30′ W, and has a surface of 102.846 km2. Only
1% of the surface is cultivated, 20% is covered by meadows, 12% are covered by glaciers (=jökull in Icelandic), and
2% by lakes (=vatn). More over, much of the island is covered by sands (40%), the remaining lands being desertic
volcanic regions (Bordin et al., 1990). The climate is determined in large part by the oceanic currents, the warm
Gulf Stream at the South and West of the country, and the cold polar North and East. Iceland is divided into two
climatic types: a temperate rainy climate with cool and short summers in the southern and western regions, and a
snow climate in large areas of northern Iceland and in the highlands. The temperature conditions depend on the
altitude, as well as on the distribution of cloud cover, precipitation and frequency of winds and their directions. In
January, Iceland lies between isotherms – 4°C to 0°C, and in July between isotherms +8°C and +10°C. Mean an-
nual rainfall is highest in the South (> 3.000 mm per year) and lowest in the North (between 400 and 1.000 mm per
year) (fig. 2). On mountains, rainfall can reach 4.500 mm. However, the rain regime shows irregular variations de-
pending on years in relation to cyclones which frequently pass in winter.
S amp l i n g . Thirty four stations were sampled qualitatively from 24 June and 29 July 1996, with a plankton
net (50 μm mesh). In the field, water temperature and conductivity (referring to 20°C=C20) were measured using a
WTW® (Wissenschaftliche Technische Werke) conductimeter LF 91. Dimensions of the waterbodies were estimated.
Their depth was measured to the nearest 20 cm. Material was preserved in 10% formalin. Copepods, notostracans
and cladocerans were sorted under a stereoscope at x10 magnification. Drawings were made using a camera lucida.
For notostracans, measurements and numeration of the following characters, were made under a stereoscope equiped
with an ocular micrometer: maximum carapace length (MCL, accuracy 0.5 mm), telson width (TW 0.05 mm),
egg diameter (ED 10 μm), number of abdominal legless somites, and number of eggs per female. The body
length, including the plate of telson and total length including the cercopods were not measured because of their
imprecision (broken cercopods, more or less contracting body into the preservative). A part of the tadpole shrimps
sample, Lepidurus arcticus, have been deposited in the collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle
(Paris, France), registr. N MNHN-Bp 658. Eggs were removed from brood pouches and kept in a separate vial.
The species found are listed below, following the recent taxonomic opinions by Fryer (1987) and Brtek (1997)
for “Large Branchiopods”, by Frey (1973, 1980), Orlova-Bienkowskaja (1998), Smirnov (1992, 1996) for the clado-
Fig. 1. Location of the sampled temporary ponds. The two main lakes Thingvallavatn and Myvatn are indicated by ar-
rows T and M.
Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ îáñëåäîâàííûõ âðåìåííûõ âîäîåìîâ. Äâà ãëàâíûå îçåðà Òèíãâàëëàâàòí è Ìèâàòí
óêàçàíû ñòðåëêàìè Ò è Ì.
Freshwater crustaceans from Iceland … 13
cerans, and by Dussart (1958) and Dussart, Defaye (1983) for the copepods. For each species the stations in which
they are been collected are indicated.
The sampling stations are listed in table 1 and mapped in figure 1. Unless otherwise indicated, each described
station is situated along the road no. 1, the main road around the island.
Tab l e 1 . Location, characteristics of the sampled water bodies (dimension – m, depth – cm, conductivity – μS cm-
1, t°C) and crustacean fauna in June, July 1996 (A – adults, C – copepodite)
Òàáëèöà 1 . Ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèå, õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âîäîåìîâ (ðàçìåðû – ì, ãëóáèíà – ñì, ýëåêòðîïðîâîäíîñòü –
μS cm-1, t°C) è ôàóíà ðàêîîáðàçíûõ â èþíå, èþëå 1996 ã. (À – âçðîñëûå, Ñ – êîïåïîäèòû)
Station
N
Characteristics Biota: crustacean fauna
1 Pond 1: About 24 km of Keflavik, 24.06,
40�10 m, 10—15 cm, cond. 3700, 8.5°C
1 harpacticoid (})
D. bisetosus ({)
2 Near Thingvellir, 25.06, 10�15 m, 30 cm,
cond. 32.4, 14.9°C
P. fimbriatus (}), M. rapiens (3 })
3 10 km after Thingvellir (track 56), 26.06,
500�200 m, >100 cm, cond. 37.4, 11.4°C
C. sphaericus, A. excisa
4 Cross tracks 52 and 35, 26.06, 300�100 m,
>100 cm, cond. 77.9, 10.2°C
Lack of crustacean?
5 About 30 km before Staour, 28.06, 15�5 m,
>100 cm, cond. 109.1, 14.4°C
E. serrulatus (}), S. vetulus, M. hirsuticornis,
C. sphaericus, E. lamellatus, A. excisa, A. harpae,
A. affinis, A. quadrangularis, A. guttata
6 About 20 km after Blöndosbaer, 1.07, 10�5 m,
50—60 cm, cond. 150, 16.8°C
M. viridis (}+C), E. serrulatus (A+C), P. fimbriatus,
C. quadrangula, E. lamellatus, C. sphaericus, Ceriodaph-
nia sp., D. pulex, A. harpae
7 15 km after Varmahlio, 2.07, 20�3 m, 10—
15 cm, cond. 342, 15.3°C
E. serrulatus ({), A. vernalis (}+C), M. viridis (})
8 Waterfall in mountains, 2.07, –, 5 cm,
cond. 60.1, 11.8°C
S. vetulus, E. lamellatus, A. excisa, A. harpae, A. affinis,
A. intermedia
9 About 10 km after the refuge of Bakkasel,
3.07, 30�10 m, 50—80 cm, cond. 210, 10.2°C
M. viridis (A+C), E. serrulatus, E. lamellatus,
C. sphaericus
10 5 km after Gooafoss, complexe of several
ponds, 6.07, 20�20 m, 10—15 cm,
cond. 170.5, 14.3°C
Lack of crustacean?
11 30 km after Gooafoss, 6.07, 20�3 m, 10—
20 cm, cond. 326, 18.4°C
D. rostripes ({, }), D. bisetosus (}), A. vernalis (}),
S. vetulus, C. sphaericus
12 33 km after Gooafoss, 6.07, 35�4 m, 20 cm,
cond. 133.1, 18.5°C
Megacyclops sp. (viridis?) (}), E. serrulatus (A),
S. vetulus, C. sphaericus
13 33 km after Reykjahlio, 8.07, 3�1 m, 15 cm,
cond. 168.7, 16.3°C
C. abyssorum ({+}+C), E. serrulatus (1}), A. affinis
14 At Grimmstaoir, 8.07, 15�3 m, 15 cm,
cond. 581, 17.4°C
D. rostripes ({+}), A. vernalis (}), Cyclops sp (C),
S. vetulus, S. mucronata, D. pulex, M. hirsuticornis,
C. sphaericus, A. excisa, A. harpae, A. affinis, P. pediculus
15 Near Grimmstaoir, 8.07, 15�3 m, 15 cm,
cond. 1240, 16.6°C
S. vetulus, S. mucronata, D. pulex, M. hirsuticornis,
C. sphaericus, A. excisa, A. harpae, P. pediculus
16 About 22 km after Grimmstaoir, 9.07, 3�3 m,
10—15 cm, cond. 393, 14.2°C
–
17 About 80 km before Egilsstaoir, 9.07,
40�30 m, >100 cm, cond. 12.1, 11.1°C
Lepidurus arcticus (Plankton not sampled)
18 6 km after the refuge, 10.07, 20�15 m, 50—
60 cm, cond. 149.2, 11.1°C
D. rostripes ({+}), Megacyclops sp. (C), S. vetulus,
C. sphaericus, E. lamellatus, A. harpae
19 Same location as 18, 10.07, cond. 126, 11.8°C D. rostripes ({+}), M. viridis, C. sphaericus, P. pediculus,
S. vetulus, A. harpae
20 About 20 km before Egilsstaoir, 10.07,
20�4 m, 20 cm, cond. 80, 17.7°C
D. rostripes ({+}), A. vernalis (}), S. vetulus,
S. mucronata, C. sphaericus, P. pediculus, A. excisa,
A. affinis, A. intermedia
21 23 km after Egilsstaoir, 12.07, 1.5�1 m,
10 cm, cond. 140.9, 14.5°C
S. vetulus, S. mucronata, E. lamellatus, A. affinis,
C. sphaericus
22 31 km after Egilsstaoir, 12.07, 40�30 m,
>100 cm, cond. 149.8, 13.7°C
S. vetulus, C. sphaericus, A. excisa, P. pediculus
Tab l e 1 . (Cont.)
O. Scher, D. Defaye, N. M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry 14
Station
N
Characteristics Biota: crustacean fauna
23 23 km after Höfn, 15.07, 25�15 m, 20 cm,
cond. 177.5, 17.8°C
M. viridis (}), E. serrulatus (}), Paracyclops sp. ({),
S. vetulus, S. mucronata, E. lamellatus, A. affinis,
M. hirsuticornis
24 33 km after Höfn, 16.07, 80�10 m, 10—
15 cm, cond. 91.0, 21.6°C
D. castor (A), E. serrulatus (A+C), M. viridis (A+C),
P. fimbriatus (}), A. vernalis (}), S. vetulus, S. mucronata
25 About 5 km before Jokulsarlön, 16.07,
100�40 m, >100 cm, cond. 73.9, 18.4°C
E. serrulatus, Megacyclops sp. (C), M. hirsuticornis,
S. vetulus, E. lamellatus, C. sphaericus, A. nana,
A. harpae, A. affinis, A. intermedia, A. rustica
26 Jokulsarlön, 17.07, lagoon, >500 cm,
cond. 7690, 4.4°C
–
27 17.5 km after Jokulsarlön, 17.07, 40�20 m,
50—80 cm, cond. 37.5, 17.3°C
–
28 2 km after Skaftafell, 19.VII, 35�30 m,
20 cm, cond. 192.6, 11.9°C
E. serrulatus (A+C), M. viridis, M. mrazeki (}),
E. richardi ({+}+C), A. affinis, Simocephalus sp. (ephip-
pia)
29 31 km after Skaftafell, 19.07, 30�20 m,
10 cm, cond. 80.0, 20.1°C
–
30 41 km after Vik, 21.07, 40�30 m, >100 cm,
cond. 242.0, 15.5°C
M. albidus (}+C), M. viridis (}+C), E. serrulatus
(}+C), S. serrulatus, C. sphaericus, A. harpae
31 10 km before Hvolsvöllur, 22.07, 50�20 m,
10—15 cm, cond. 177.0, 17.4°C
Unidentified Cyclopoids (C) + Harpacticoids (C),
C. sphaericus
32 18 km after cross road 1 and 30 to Geysir, on
track 30, 23.07, 20�20 m, 10 cm, cond. 81.4,
25.2°C
–
33 5 km after Fluoir, track 30, 23.07, 25�10 m,
20 cm, cond. 121.4, 23.1°C
D. bisetosus (})
34 Hverageroi, 29.07, 1.5�1 m, 25 cm,
cond. 547.1, 36.2°C
–
Results
List of species
Class Branchiopoda Latreille, 1817
Order Notostraca G. O. Sars, 1867
Family Triopsidae Keilhack, 1909
Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793): St. 17.
Order Anomopoda G. O. Sars, 1865
Family Daphniidae Straus, 1820
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. Müller, 1785): St. 6
unidentified Ceriodaphnia sp.: St. 6.
Daphnia pulex Leydig, 1860: Sts 6, 14, 15.
Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. Müller, 1776): Sts 14, 15, 20, 21, 23, 24.
Simocephalus serrulatus (Koch, 1841): St. 30.
Simocephalus vetulus (O. F. Müller, 1776): Sts 5, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.
Simocephalus sp. (ephippia): St. 28.
Family Chydoridae Stebbing, 1902
Aloninae Frey, 1967
Acroperus harpae (Baird, 1834): Sts 5, 6, 8, 14, 15, 18, 19, 25, 30.
Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860): Sts 5, 8, 13, 14, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28.
Alona guttata G. O. Sars, 1862: St. 5.
Alona intermedia (G. O. Sars, 1862): Sts 8, 20, 25.
Alona quadrangularis (O. F. Müller, 1785): St. 5.
Alona rustica Scott, 1895: St. 25.
Chydorinae Stebbing, 1902
Alonella excisa (Fischer, 1854): Sts 3, 5, 8, 14, 15, 20, 22.
Alonella nana (Baird, 1850): St. 25.
Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Müller, 1785): Sts 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 30, 31.
Eurycercinae Kurz, 1875
Eurycercus lamellatus (O. F. Müller, 1785): Sts 5, 6, 8, 9, 18, 21, 23, 25.
Family Macrothricidae Norman et Brady, 1867
Macrothrix hirsuticornis Norman et Brady, 1867 (s. l.): Sts 5, 14, 15, 23, 25.
Order Onychopoda G. O. Sars, 1865
Family Polyphemidae Baird, 1845
Freshwater crustaceans from Iceland … 15
Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1761): Sts 14, 15, 19, 20, 22.
Class Copepoda H. Milne Edwards, 1830
ORDER CALANOIDA G. O. SARS, 1902
FAMILY DIAPTOMIDAE BAIRD, 1850
Diaptomus (Diaptomus) castor (Jurine, 1820): St. 24.
Diaptomus (Chaetodiaptomus) rostripes Herbst, 1955: Sts 11,14, 18, 19, 20.
Order Cyclopoida Burmeister, 1834
Family Cyclopidae Dana, 1853
Eucyclopinae Kiefer, 1927
Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine, 1820): St. 30.
Eucyclops (Eucyclops) serrulatus (Fischer, 1851): Sts 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30.
Paracyclops fimbriatus (Fischer, 1853): Sts 2, 6, 24.
Paracyclops sp. unidentified: St. 23.
Cyclopinae Kiefer, 1927
Acanthocyclops vernalis (Fischer, 1853): Sts 7, 11, 14, 20, 24.
Diacyclops bisetosus (Rehberg, 1880): Sts 1, 11, 33.
Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820): Sts 6, 7, 9, 19, 23, 24, 28, 30
Megacyclops sp. unidentified: Sts 12, 18, 25.
Cyclops abyssorum G. O. Sars, 1863: St. 13
Cyclops sp. unidentified: St. 14.
Order Harpacticoida G. O. Sars, 1902
Family Canthocamptidae Brady, 1880
Mesochra rapiens (Schmeil, 1894): St. 2.
Epactophanes richardi Mrozek, 1893: St. 28.
Moraria mrazeki Scott, 1903: St. 28.
Species richness
Although localities were sampled only once, in July, we attempted to determine the ma-
jor factors affecting the crustacean distribution. From the present data, most crustacean spe-
cies can be regarded as freshwater forms. Their tolerance to salinity can be considered as
low. A relationship between the crustacean species richness and the water conductivity was
Fig. 2. Crustacean species richness per station in relation to conductivity of water.
Ðèñ. 2. Ðàçíîîáðàçèå âèäîâ ðàêîîáðàçíûõ íà êàæäîé ñòàíöèè â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ýëåêòðîïðîâîäíîñòè âîäû.
O. Scher, D. Defaye, N. M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry 16
noted although there was considerable variation between localities (fig. 2). There were up to
ten or more species present in waters having conductivities below 1.000 μS cm-1, eight to two
species at conductivities from 1.000 to 3.000 μS cm-1, while at conductivities above
3.000 μS cm-¹ there were two or fewer (fig. 2).
Regarding the depth and surface of ponds, it seemed that no relationship between basin
size and fauna can be established. Generally large pieces of water had quite similar faunas, to
those of small ponds of similar conductivity. On the other hand, it can be noted that most of
the stations having rich crustacean fauna were located in the sub-arid and arid areas
(<1.200 mm). The major factor affecting distribution would be the ephemerality of the pond,
linked to geographic position and climatic conditions.
Taxonomic notes
Branchiopoda Notos t raca
Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793): (synonymies in Brtek, 1997) 24 females, ranging in
MCL from 7.5 to 14.9 mm, were collected on 7 July 1996 (2 cohorts: 2 females 7.5—
7.6 mm, and 22 females between 9.0 to 14.9 mm, mean 12.04±1.74 mm). The number of
legless somites ranged from 4 to 5. The figure 3 shows the relationship between carapace
length and telson width, with the following equation: MCL(mm)=8.055, TW(mm)=2.249 (n=23,
r2=0.918). This one is useful to estimate the length of disappeared specimens in dried ponds,
using chitineous fragments such as telson, often recovered intact in sediments. The youngest
females bearing eggs are 10.1 mm MCL, with one egg per brood pouch. The number of eggs
per female increases with age, and thus with length of the female (fig. 4), the oldest having
up to 6 eggs (3 per brood pouch). The ED ranged between 690 and 750 μm, according to
Fryer (1988), but bigger than the diameter indicated for specimens from Russia by Thiéry et
al., (1995).
Tadpole shrimps were collected in only one pond, station 17, approximately 65°30’N—
16°E, situated on a Pleistocene ground. Its main characteristics are given in table 1.
Branchiopoda c ladoceran
Many cladoceran taxa of species level need thorough revision (Korovchinsky, 1996).
For this reason most of species found in Iceland could be identified only routinely. At the
same time, the recent taxonomic revisions give an opportunity to make more precise identi-
fication of some taxa or discuss their diagnostic features. The representatives of commonest
Icelandic species are shown in figure 5.
Daphniidae: Simocephalus serrulatus. Rather typical specimens according to modern re-
Fig. 3. Relationship between the carapace lenght (MCL in mm) and telson width (TW in mm) in Lepidurus arcticus.
Ðèñ. 3. Çàâèñèìîñòü ìåæäó äëèíîé êàðàïàêñà (MCL â ìì) è øèðèíîé òåëüñîíà (TW â ìì) ó Lepidurus arcticus.
Freshwater crustaceans from Iceland … 17
vision of the genus (Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 1998).
Scapholeberis mucronata. The morphology of specimens is in accordance with the de-
scription of the species by Dumont, Pensaert (1983).
Macrothricidae: Macrothrix hirsuticornis. Some specimens have typical traits for the spe-
cies antennal armament: 1 large spine on the second segment of upper antennal branch. In
other specimens, this armament consists of two large spines which is characteristic of
M. glandica Lilljeborg, 1901 (Smirnov, 1992) sometimes considered as a variety (Røen,
1981) or a subspecies of M. hirsuticornis (Røen, 1994). One specimen shows the intermediate
pattern having 1 large and 1 small spine on this segment.
Chydoridae: Eurycercus lamellatus. The morphology of specimens is in accordance with
the recent descriptions of species from different European localities (Frey, 1973, Duigan,
Frey, 1987) (fig. 5, b).
Chydorus sphaericus. The typical representatives of the species from Europe were rede-
scribed in detail (Frey, 1980). Its precise identification needs the observation of males which
were absent in Icelandic material. At the same time, the diagnostic features of females seem
rather typical. Chydorus arcticus also known from Iceland (Røen, 1987) was poorly described
and is synonymized to C. sphaericus until further detailed revision (Smirnov, 1996) (fig. 5, d).
Alona affinis. According to the modern revision of the species (Sinev, 1998, pers. com.) the
diagnostic features of Icelandic specimens including males are quite characteristic (fig. 5, c).
Alona rustica. Only two specimens were found, one mature and one immature females, a
different shell reticulation: numerous small protuberances in the former and longitudinal
lines in the latter. The taxonomy of the species and significance of these morphological dif-
ferences need further examination.
Copepoda
Diaptomus (Chaetodiaptomus) rostripes (fig. 6, a–e) is very close to D. glacialis, which
has been identified as common in Iceland by Poulsen (1924). A notable difference between
these two species, particularly referred to by Kiefer (1978), is the shape of the rostrum.
D. rostripes has short, blunt rostral spines, whereas they are very long in D. glacialis. All
Fig. 4. Relationship between the number of eggs per female and its length of carapace (i. e. its age).
Ðèñ. 4. Çàâèñèìîñòü ìåæäó êîëè÷åñòâîì ÿèö ó ñàìêè è äëèíîé åå êàðàïàêñà (ò. å. åå âîçðàñòîì).
O. Scher, D. Defaye, N. M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry 18
specimens from samples 15 and 18 have short rostral spines and, are therefore identified as
D. rostripes.
Eucyclops serrulatus, is of typical form, showing a slight variability in furca length, as
well as in the orientation of the external furcal seta. Moreover, in most females, the orna-
mentation of the integument is arranged in rows of tiny cupules on urosomites and furca.
Paracyclops fimbriatus. The specimens in the Iceland samples conform to typical
P. fimbriatus, characterized in particular by the ornamentation of the antennal basipodite and
the ornamentation of the natatory legs, especially P1 (not figured).
Fig. 5. Commonest Icelandic Cladocerans in left lateral view (N. Korovchinsky drawings): a – Simocephalus vetulus;
b – Eurycercus lamellatus; c – Alona affinis; d – Chydorus sphaericus. Scale bars in mm.
Ðèñ. 5. Íàèáîëåå îáû÷íûå èñëàíäñêèå âåòâèñòîóñûå (âèä ñëåâà ñáîêó) (ðèñóíîê Í. Êîðîâ÷èíñêîãî): a – Simo-
cephalus vetulus; b – Eurycercus lamellatus; c – Alona affinis; d – Chydorus sphaericus. Ìàñøòàá â ìì.
Freshwater crustaceans from Iceland … 19
Megacyclops viridis is a common species in Iceland as already mentioned by Larsen,
Røen (1964). It shows variations, compared to the different descriptions, particularly that of
Einsle (1996): in the specimens from sample 10, the precoxal plate of P4 has two rows of
spinules, the surnumerary row is located near the distal edge and its spinules are smaller:
Fig. 6. Copepods (D. Defaye drawings). Diaptomus (C.) rostripes: a – P5 {; b – antepenultimate segment of male right
antennule; c – rostrum }; d – rostrum ; e – P5 }. Megacyclops viridis: f – precoxal plate, basipodite and coxopo-
dite (part.) of P4 }; g – P5; h – Enp3 P4 . Cyclops abyssorum, }: i – habitus dorsal; j – P5; k – Enp3 P4 ; l – Diacy-
clops bisetosus (?) Enp3 P4; Mesochra rapiens }: m – habitus dorsal; n – P5. Moraria mrazeki }: o – habitus dorsal; p –
P5. Epactophanes richardi, }: q – habitus dorsal; r – anal somite and furca, s – P5 and part of genital somite. Scale
bars 100 μm.
Ðèñ. 6. Âåñëîíîãèå ðàêîîáðàçíûå (ðèñóíêè Ä. Äåôàé). Diaptomus (C.) rostripes: a – P5 {, b – äèñòàëüíûå ÷ëåíè-
êè ãåíèêóëèðóþùåé àíòåííóëû; c – ðîñòðóì {; d – ðîñòðóì { ; e – Ð5 }. Megacyclops viridis: f – èíòåðêîê-
ñàëüíàÿ ïëàñòèíêà, áàçîïîäèò è êîêñîïîäèò Ð4 }; g – P5;, h – ýíäîïîäèò Ð4. Cyclops abyssorum, }: i – îáùèé
âèä äîðñàëüíî; j – P5; k – äèñòàëüíûé ÷ëåíèê ýíäîïîäèòà Ð4; l – ýíäîïîäèò Ð4 Diacyclops bisetosus (?); Mesochra
rapiens, }: m – îáùèé âèä äîðñàëüíî; n – P5. Moraria mrazeki, }: o – oáùèé âèä äîðñàëüíî; p – Ð5. Epacto-
phanes richardi, }: q – îáùèé âèä äîðñàëüíî ; r – àíàëüíûé ñåãìåíò è ôóðêà, s – Ð5 è ÷àñòü ãåíèòàëüíîãî ñåã-
ìåíòà. Ìàñøòàá 100 ìêì.
O. Scher, D. Defaye, N. M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry 20
moreover, almost all the females observed had the furcal rami ornamented with tiny points
of teeth over their whole surface. The spine ornamentation of the basipodite of P4 is gener-
ally more marked (spinules more numerous and stronger), but the distribution pattern re-
mains identical. Finally, some variations in the number of teeth (7 to 13) have been noticed
for the longitudinal row characteristic of the basipodite of the antenna (fig. 6, f—h).
Cyclops abyssorum. The identification of species of the genus Cyclops is problematic, es-
pecially for specimens from Iceland. Because of the important variations of some morpho-
logical characters, due to the ecological conditions, and hence, the presence of several eco-
types in a single species, this genus has been discussed for a long time. The most reliable
characters for separating the species are cytogenetical particular patterns of chromatin-
diminution, but such information is not available for Icelandic Cyclops. Various authors have
identified Cyclops strenuus (de Guerne, Richard, 1892 a; Ostenfeld, Wesenberg-Lund, 1905;
Haberbosch, 1916; Poulsen, 1924, 1939, 1940), and Cyclops scutifer (Dussart, 1958; Røen,
1962; Larsen, Røen, 1964) from Iceland. Using a new morphometric approach, Elgmork,
Halvorsen (1971) established that it was Cyclops strenuus medianus (Lindberg, 1949) now
Cyclops abyssorum medianus (Dussart, Defaye, 1983). The specimens examined in this study
have the morphometrical characteristics given by Elgmork, Halvorsen (1971). We consider
them as belonging to Cyclops abyssorum s. l., following Einsle (1980, 1996), who prefers to
consider the different subspecies as ecotypes or phenotypes of a single species, when mor-
phometry do not allow their separation. This species was identified according to the same
argument by Antonsson (1992) for Cyclops from Thingvallavatn. The difficulty in establishing
the validity of subspecies has also been discussed by Nilssen (1979) for Cyclops abyssorum.
The specimens examined are very similar to those figured by Einsle (1996) from Lake of
Constance, especially in the ornamentation of the coxopodite and precoxal plate of P4,
which has a median row of long setae and two symmetrical prominences; the internal setae
at the base of coxopodite are thin, unlike those of C. scutifer's ones, which are very thick.
The ornamentation of the antennal basipodite is similar, although the small, sparse spines are
not visible. However, the terminal spines of Enp3 P4 are slightly different: the internal spine
is shorter than the segment (equal in abyssorum from Lake of Constance) and the external
spine is longer than in typical abyssorum (0.5 times the internal spine) (fig. 6, i—k).
Acanthocyclops vernalis. The specimens examined conform to the Nordic form figured
by Kiefer (1978) from Norway. In sample no 24, the lateral setae of Enp3P4 bear spines in-
stead of hairs – this often noted variation is generally interpreted as a response to ecological
conditions – and the precoxal plate of P4 has a median row of small spines.
Diacyclops bisetosus (fig. 6, l). A surnumerary, oblique row of spinules has been observed
at the internal corner of the basipodite of P4.
For the harpacticoid fauna, two species of Canthocamptidae are new for Iceland:
Mesochra rapiens (Schmeil, 1894) and Moraria mrazeki Scott, 1903, the cosmopolitan spe-
cies E. richardi being already reported. M. rapiens is a brackish-waters species (collected in a
pond, near the sea) known from Western and central Europe, but also from Alaska and
Greenland (Røen, 1962).
Discussion
Biological features and biogeographical remarks
Large Branchiopods (Notos t raca)
The Large branchiopod’s fauna is represented by only one species, Lepidurus arcticus.
This widely distributed Holarctic species has a circumpolar distribution (Abele, 1982). It is
found in North America from Alaska to Labrador, and in Greenland by many authors (Ste-
phensen, 1913; Røen, 1962, 1981; Beaton, Hebert, 1988 etc.). In Europe, it is widely dis-
tributed among the Northern countries (see the distribution map in Brtek, Thiéry, 1995). It
occurs particularly in Ireland, Bear Island, Spitzbergen (Lilljeborg 1877) and extends from
Scandinavia to Siberia (Sars, 1897; Lundblad, 1921; Vekhoff, Vekhova 1994). At lower lati-
tudes, this species is known from Pleistocene strata in Scotland and Denmark (Røen, 1995)
Freshwater crustaceans from Iceland … 21
and was discovered in the valley of the River Wavenay, Southeast England, by Taylor, Co-
ope (1985). Before the present study, L. arcticus had been already recorded from Iceland
(Kröyer, 1847; Fryer, 1988 etc.). All animals from station 17 were females; a strong female
bias has been noted in this species (Lundblad, 1921; Sassaman, 1991 etc.). It was shown to
be hermaphroditic by the histological studies of Wingstrand (1978) and the enzyme electro-
phoresis studies of Beaton, Hebert (1991). Females of Lepidurus arcticus attach their eggs to
aquatic vegetation, such as moss fronds (Fryer, 1988). The eggs are spherical with a rough
surface and an alveolar outer layer (Thiéry et al., 1995). Their diameter varies from 603 to
750 μm, probably in relation with their degree of maturity and, perhaps, with their geo-
graphic origin. From the known results (Braem, 1893; Fryer, 1988; Thiéry et al., 1995, pre-
sent study) the eggs of L. arcticus populations are biggest than those from Russia. Clutches
can reach up to 41 eggs depending of the age of the female (Arnold, 1966).
The presence of a population of L. arcticus in the northeastern Iceland in a volcanic
area confirms previous known records. As for all previous records of L. arcticus around the
arctic circle, the present material was collected in summer (9 July 1996), evidently in rela-
tion to the icefree water period (<3 months), L. arcticus being mechanically damaged and
killed by freezing in ice (Scholander et al., 1953). The existence of two distinct cohorts in a
population may indicate a secondary flooding after a rain, as shown by Thiéry (1987, 1991)
in temporary ponds in Morocco. The biotope is located in the inner highlands above 300 m,
corresponding to the Group III, as precised by Poulsen (1924, p. 90). The bottom is sandy,
without aquatic vegetation (Group 1 and 2 from Poulsen 1924, p. 91), and the water has a
low conductivity. No fish were seen in the pond, which might have dried out during the
Tab l e 2 . List of copepod species from Iceland (literature data)
Òàáëèöà 2 . Ñïèñîê âèäîâ êîïåïîä èç Èñëàíäèè (ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàííûå)
Species Reference (s)
Leptodiaptomus minutus
(Lilljeborg, 1889)
Guerne, Richard (1892 a, b), Ostenfeld, Wesenberg-Lund (1905), Poulsen
(1924), Antonsson (1992), Larsen, Røen (1964)
Diaptomus glacialis Lilljeborg, 1889: Guerne, Richard (1892 a, b), Poulsen (1924), Larsen, Røen (1964)
Macrocyclops albidus (Jurine, 1820) Adalsteinsson (1979)
Macrocyclops fuscus (Jurine, 1820) Guerne, Richard (1892 a, b), Poulsen (1924), Adalsteinsson (1979)
Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) Guerne, Richard (1892 a, b), Poulsen (1924), Adalsteinsson (1979)
Paracyclops fimbriatus
(Fischer, 1853)
Guerne, Richard (1892 a, b), Poulsen (1924), Adalsteinsson (1979)
Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) Guerne, Richrd (1892 a, b), Poulsen (1924), Larsen, Røen (1964), Adal-
steinsson (1979)
Cyclops strenuus Fischer, 1851 Guerne, Richard (1892 a), Haberbosch (1916), Ostenfeld, Wesenberg-Lund
(1905), Poulsen (1924)
Cyclops abyssorum s. l.
G. O. Sars, 1863
Antonsson (1992)
Cyclops cf. abyssorum
G. O. Sars, 1863
Adalsteinsson (1979)
Cyclops abyssorum medianus
Lindberg, 1949
Haberbosch (1916), Poulsen (1924), Larsen, Røen (1964), Elgmork,
Halvorsen (1971)
Acanthocyclops vernalis
(Fischer, 1853)
Haberbosch (1916), Poulsen (1924), Larsen, Røen (1964)
Diacyclops bisetosus (Rehberg, 1880) Kulhavy, Noodt (1968)
Diacyclops languidoides s. l.
(Lilljeborg, 1901)
Kulhavy, Noodt (1968)
Bryocamptus (A.) cuspidatus
(Schmeil, 1893)
Larsen, Røen (1964), Kulhavy, Noodt (1968)
Bryocamptus (A.) van douwei
(Kessler, 1914)
Haberbosch (1916)
Moraria brevipes G. O. Sars, 1862 Kulhavy, Noodt (1968)
Maraenobiotus vejdovskyi
Mrazek, 1893
Haberbosch (1916)
Epactophanes richardi Mrazek, 1893 Haberbosch (1916), Kulhavy, Noodt (1968)
Parastenocaris glacialis Noodt, 1955 Kulhavy, Noodt (1968)
Canthocamptus sp. Guerne, Richard (1892 a, b)
O. Scher, D. Defaye, N. M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry 22
summer. In Russia, Vekhoff, Vekhova (1994) consider L. arcticus as a remnant of the an-
cient tundra or tundra-like fauna still widespread more to the north.
However, the Iceland diversity for large branchiopods is lower than the diversity ob-
served in Greenland and Northen Europe. From the relationship between species diversity
and latitude for the “large Branchiopods” of Europe established by Brtek, Thiéry (1995), the
theorical number of species could be 2 or 3, considering that several other species, mainly
fairy shrimps (Anostraca), such as Branchinecta paludosa, are known from Greenland
(Johansen, 1921), Sweden and Siberia. It is to be noted that another species, Artemiopsis ste-
fanssoni, is widely distributed in Greenland (Johansen, 1922 a; Daborn, 1978; Banarescu,
1990). This low species diversity as well as the small body size of Lepidurus arcticus speci-
mens, versus other representents of the Triopsidae, could be compared to available data on
Insect ecology in Arctic environments by Strathdee, Bale (1998). As already noted by Ba-
narescu (1992) aquatic life is assumed to have been totally destroyed in glaciated areas. After
the melting of the ice, Iceland might be populated by species coming from the beringian
refugium corresponding to the lower Yukon River basin and encompassing also a part of ex-
treme eastern Siberia, which was connected with extreme western Alaska.
Cladocera
In general 32 or 33 cladoceran species were known in Iceland before (Røen, 1962;
Hrbacek et al., 1978) (the species’ names of Bosmina are different according to the authors),
the various lists including all species identified or collected during the present survey except
Alona rustica. So far, A. rustica had not been recorded in Iceland. Røen (1977) listed this
species from Greenland but later, he reidentified it as a new species, A. fabricii (Røen,
1992).
The material studied lacked species preferred fishless water bodies (Eurycercus glacialis)
or which are deep and not frozen to the bottom (case of the representatives of Ctenopoda –
Sida, Diaphanosoma, Holopedium, genus Bosmina and Daphnia longispina).
The species Simocephalus vetulus, Eurycercus lamellatus, Chydorus sphaericus, Alonella
excisa, Acroperus harpae and Alona affinis were common in most of the samples whereas Si-
mocephalus serrulatus, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, Alonella nana and Alona rustica were pre-
sent at very low density from only one locality each. On the whole, this is in a good agree-
ment with the previous data on species frequency in Iceland (Poulsen, 1924). Cladoceran
species richness in Iceland is slightly higher than in Greenland which has been more studied
in detail
(31 species) (Røen, 1992, 1994 etc.) even so Latona setifera, Rhynchotalona and some spe-
cies of Alona have not yet been found. At the same time, such widely distributed and easily
identified taxa as Diaphanosoma, Ilyocryptus, Lathonura and Eurycercus lamellatus are not
known from Greenland.
Copepoda
Twelve copepod species have been identified in thirty samples, containing generally a
quantitatively poor fauna. Among calanoids, the presence of Diaptomus (D.) castor, in south
of Vatnajökull is reported from the first time in Iceland, which represents the westernmost
limit of its distribution area for Europe. However, it is known also from Greenland (Røen,
1962).
Diaptomus (Chaetodiaptomus) rostripes is a new report while D. (C.) glacialis has not
been identified although it is currently known from Iceland. As the differences between the
two species are not very discriminent, particularly for P5, it is possible that in the past,
D. (C.) rostripes has been identified as D. (C.) glacialis. Attention should be given to the ros-
tral spines which represents a good character to distinguish these two species. New examina-
tions of the material should permit to better know the relative distribution of both species.
Moreover, the diaptomid Leptodiaptomus minutus (Lilljeborg, 1889) well-know from Iceland
(de Guerne, Richard 1892 a; Antonsson, 1992 etc.) has not been found in this study. This
can be explained by its preferences of pelagic life – the biotopes studied are of small size- as
it is illustrated by its presence in Thingvallavatn (Antonsson, 1992). This nearctic species,
known from Iceland from the last century usually inhabits oligotrophic lakes. Iceland consti-
Freshwater crustaceans from Iceland … 23
tutes the easternmost limit of its distributional range mostly situated in North America and
Greenland.
Cyclopoids from Iceland are represented by some common species, occurring in Euro-
pean ponds, even considered as cosmopolitan (Macrocyclops albidus, Eucyclops serrulatus and
Megacyclops viridis). The genus Macrocyclops was known until now only by the species fus-
cus. The genus Acanthocyclops is represented by the species vernalis already reported from the
southern part of Vatnajökull (Haberbosch, 1916). It appears more largely distributed. Diacy-
clops bisetosus has been found again in the Reykvajik region. Finally, the genus Cyclops ap-
pears, considering the data from the literature, as commonly present in Iceland.
The copepod fauna of the small water collections of Iceland mainly consists of palearc-
tic species, without strict environmental requirements. This study complete the existing data,
but it is likely that the inventory is not finished, particularly concerning the harpacticoids
which have been not enough looked for, specially in such habitats as mosses and interstitial
waters.
In conclusion, the crustacean fauna inhabiting the shallow freshwater in Iceland seems
to be largely allochthonous, with quite limited endemicity.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank François Patin and Christophe Trevisan, both field partners of Olivier Scher, for help
with the sampling, Osk Unnarsdottor and family for their help in Iceland, and Mark Judson (NMHN, Paris) for
correcting the manuscript. Nikolai Korovchinsky is much indebted to Prof. N. N. Smirnov (Institute of ecology and
evolution, Moscow) and A. Sinev (Moscow State University) for useful comments on the taxonomy of some clado-
ceran species. This work has been funded in part by a grant from the “Défi Jeunes” – Ministère Jeunesse et Sports
(France).
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-64608 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:02:21Z |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Scher, O. Defaye, D. Korovchinsky, N.M. Thiéry, A. 2014-06-16T19:28:05Z 2014-06-16T19:28:05Z 2000 The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland / O. Scher, D. Defaye, N.M. Korovchinsky, A. Thiéry // Вестник зоологии. — 2000. — Т. 34, № 6. — С. 11-25. — Бібліогр.: 52 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/64608 595.3(491.1) A survey of shallow freshwaters of Iceland was conducted in June and July 1996. The 34 stations prospected were rainpools, ditches, wetlands. The composition of their crustacean communities, investigated by qualitative net samples, is discussed in relation to water characteristics. One notostracan, Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793), 17 cladoceran species (5 Daphniidae, 10 Chydoridae, 1 Macrothricidae, 1 Polyphemidae), and 12 copepods (2 Diaptomidae, 7 Cyclopidae, 3 Canthocamptidae) were identified. Two species are reported for the first time from Iceland: the diaptomid Diaptomus (Chaetodiaptomus) rostripes Herbst, 1955 and the chydorid Alona rustica Scott, 1895. Taxonomical comments about different species are added, and their ecological pecularities are given. The species richness as well as the biogeographical features of the freshwater zooplankton of Iceland are discussed in relation to neighbouring Greenland and Northern Europe. Обследование мелких пресных водоемов Исландии проведено в июне-июле 1996 г. Материал собирался в дождевых и талых лужах, канавах, болотах. Среди 30 обнаруженных видов отмечены 1 вид щитней Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1793), 17 видов ветвистоусых ракообразных (5 представителей сем. Daphnidae, 10 Chydoridae, 1 Macrothricidae, 1 Polyphemidae), 12 видов веслоногих ракобразных (2 вида сем. Diaptomidae, 7 Cyclopidae, 3 Canthocamptidae). Два вида указаны впервые для фауны Исландии: Diaptomus (Chaetodiatomus) rostripes Herbst, 1955 и Alona rustica Scott, 1895. Состав ракообразных в водоемах обсуждается в связи с экологической характеристикой последних. Для отдельных видов представлены краткие таксономические и экологические замечания. Обсуждаются видовое разнообразие и биогеографические особенности Исландии в связи с фаунистическими контактами с Гренландией и северной Европой. We would like to thank François Patin and Christophe Trevisan, both field partners of Olivier Scher, for help with the sampling, Osk Unnarsdottor and family for their help in Iceland, and Mark Judson (NMHN, Paris) for correcting the manuscript. Nikolai Korovchinsky is much indebted to Prof. N. N. Smirnov (Institute of ecology and evolution, Moscow) and A. Sinev (Moscow State University) for useful comments on the taxonomy of some cladoceran species. This work has been funded in part by a grant from the “Défi Jeunes” – Ministère Jeunesse et Sports (France). en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Фауна и систематика The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland Фауна ракообразных (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) мелких пресных водоемов Исландии Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland Scher, O. Defaye, D. Korovchinsky, N.M. Thiéry, A. Фауна и систематика |
| title | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland |
| title_alt | Фауна ракообразных (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) мелких пресных водоемов Исландии |
| title_full | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland |
| title_fullStr | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland |
| title_short | The Crustacean Fauna (Branchiopoda, Copepoda) of Shallow Freshwater Bodies in Iceland |
| title_sort | crustacean fauna (branchiopoda, copepoda) of shallow freshwater bodies in iceland |
| topic | Фауна и систематика |
| topic_facet | Фауна и систематика |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/64608 |
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