К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине
В водоеме-охладителе Хмельницкой АЭС обнаружен полип пресноводной медузы Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880, который был обилен и встречался на различных субстратах в весенний, летний и осенний периоды. The fresh water jellyfishes Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880 polyp which was plentiful...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Вестник зоологии |
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| Datum: | 2009 |
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| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | Russisch |
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2009
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Zitieren: | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине / А.А. Протасов, С.П. Бабарига // Вестник зоологии. — 2009. — Т. 43, № 6. — С. 525–527. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — рос. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860166190292271104 |
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| author | Протасов, А.А. Бабарига, С.П. |
| author_facet | Протасов, А.А. Бабарига, С.П. |
| citation_txt | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине / А.А. Протасов, С.П. Бабарига // Вестник зоологии. — 2009. — Т. 43, № 6. — С. 525–527. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — рос. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вестник зоологии |
| description | В водоеме-охладителе Хмельницкой АЭС обнаружен полип пресноводной медузы Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880, который был обилен и встречался на различных субстратах в весенний, летний и осенний периоды.
The fresh water jellyfishes Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880 polyp which was plentiful was found out on various substrata during the spring, summer and autumn periods in the cooling reservoir of the Khmelnitskiy nuclear power plant.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:56:39Z |
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ÓÄÊ 593.73: 574.5(477.43)
Ê ÂÎÏÐÎÑÓ Î ÐÀÑÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÅÍÈÈ CRASPEDACUSTA
SOWERBII (CNIDARIA, LIMNOMEDUSA) Â ÓÊÐÀÈÍÅ
À. À. Ïðîòàñîâ, Ñ. Ï. Áàáàðèãà
Èíñòèòóò ãèäðîáèîëîãèè ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû, ïð. Ãåðîåâ Ñòàëèíãðàäà, 12, Êèåâ, 04210 Óêðàèíà
Ïðèíÿòî 8 àïðåëÿ 2009
Ê âîïðîñó î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) â Óêðàèíå. Ïðîòàñîâ À. À.,
Áàáàðèãà Ñ. Ï. — Â âîäîåìå-îõëàäèòåëå Õìåëüíèöêîé ÀÝÑ îáíàðóæåí ïîëèï ïðåñíîâîäíîé ìåäóçû
Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880, êîòîðûé áûë îáèëåí è âñòðå÷àëñÿ íà ðàçëè÷íûõ ñóáñòðàòàõ
â âåñåííèé, ëåòíèé è îñåííèé ïåðèîäû.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: ïðåñíîâîäíàÿ ìåäóçà, Craspedacusta sowerbii, Õìåëüíèöêàÿ ÀÝÑ, âîäîåì-
îõëàäèòåëü.
To the Question on Distribution of Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) in Ukraine.
Protasov. A. A., Babariga S. P. — The fresh water jellyfishes Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880 polyp
which was plentiful was found out on various substrata during the spring, summer and autumn periods
in the cooling reservoir of the Khmelnitskiy nuclear power plant.
Ke y wo r d s: fresh water jellyfishes, Craspedacusta sowerbii, Khmelnitskiy NPP, cooling reservoir.
Ïîâîäîì äëÿ äàííîãî ñîîáùåíèÿ ïîñëóæèëà íàõîäêà ïîëèïà Craspedacusta
sowerbii (Lankester, 1880) â ïîäâîäÿùåì êàíàëå è âîäîåìå-îõëàäèòåëå Õìåëüíèöêîé
ÀÝÑ (ÕÀÝÑ) â 2007–2008 ãã. Âïåðâûå â ýòîì âîäîåìå êîëîíèè ïîëèïà îòìå÷åíû
â îñåííèé ïåðèîä (îêòÿáðü) 2007 ã. íà áåòîííîì îòêîñå ïëîòèíû íà êàìíÿõ â
ñåâåðíîì ðàéîíå, íà ìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ êîíñòðóêöèÿõ â çàïàäíîì ðàéîíå âîäîåìà íà
ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ ïëàñòèíàõ (íåðæàâåþùàÿ ñòàëü), óñòàíîâëåííûõ â ïîäâîäÿùåì
êàíàëå ÕÀÝÑ.
Èññëåäîâàíèÿ çîîïåðèôèòîíà â ýòîì âîäîåìå ïðîâîäèëè ðàíåå (1999–2001 ãã.),
êîãäà ðàáîòàë 1 ýíåðãîáëîê ÀÝÑ, à òàêæå â 2005–2006 ãã. ïðè ðàáîòå äâóõ áëîêîâ.
Óñëîâèÿ â âîäîåìå îòëè÷àþòñÿ, êàê è â äðóãèõ îõëàäèòåëÿõ ïîâûøåíîé òåìïåðàòóðîé.
Ñðåäíÿÿ òåìïåðàòóðà çèìíèõ ìåñÿöåâ ñîñòàâèëà 6,0°Ñ. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ òåìïåðàòóðà
âîäû, îòìå÷åííàÿ â îòâîäÿùåì êàíàëå â èþëå 2007 ã. äîñòèãàëà 37,5°Ñ, â ïîäâîäÿùåì
êàíàëå â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä — 29–30°Ñ; â îêòÿáðå 2007 ã. â îòâîäÿùåì êàíàëå —
26,0°Ñ, à ïî âîäîåìó èçìåíÿëàñü îò 14,9°Ñ äî 18,0°Ñ. Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè èññëåäîâàíèé
â óêàçàííûé ïåðèîä ìåäóçîèäíîé ñòàäèè C. sowerbii îáíàðóæåíî íå áûëî.
Ïîëèïû íà ñóáñòðàòàõ â âåñåííèé ïåðèîä èìåëè ðàçìåðû 0,5–1,3 ìì. Êàê ýòî
õàðàêòåðíî äëÿ ïîëèïîâ äàííîãî âèäà, îíè áûëè ïàðíûìè, êðîìå òîãî, èìåëè
áîêîâûå îòâåòâëåíèÿ. Íà çàèëåííûõ ïëàñòèíàõ ïîëèïû ïðèïîäíÿòû íàä ñóáñòðàòîì
íà ñâîåîáðàçíîé íîæêå, ÷òî îòìå÷àëîñü äëÿ ýòîãî ïîëèïà è ðàíåå (Ïðîòàñîâ, 1994).
Ñòðåêàòåëüíûå êëåòêè íà îðàëüíîì êîíöå ðàñïîëîæåíû äîâîëüíî ðåäêî (ðèñ. 1,
2). Ïîëèï îáðàçîâûâàë êîëîíèè ïî 3–5 îñîáåé, ïîêðûâàÿ äî 15–20% ñóáñòðàòà.
×èñëåííîñòü êîëîíèé äîñòèãàëà 26 190 ýêç./ì2, áèîìàññà 2,6 ã/ì2 (îòáîð ïðîâîäèëè
â ìàå, ýêñïîçèöèÿ ïëàñòèí ñîñòàâèëà 1 ãîä).
Ïî èìåþùèìñÿ äàííûì (Íàóìîâ, 1960), ïîëèïîèäíîå ïîêîëåíèå C. sowerbii
îáû÷íî ïðåäñòàâëåíî îäèíî÷íûìè ïîëèïàìè èëè íåáîëüøèìè êîëîíèÿìè ïî
Vestnik zoologii, 43(6): 525–527, 2009 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ
2–7 ïîëèïîâ. Íàñòîÿùåé ãèäðîðèçû íå îáðàçóåòñÿ, ïðèêðåïëåíèå ê ñóáñòðàòó
îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ðàñøèðåííîé áàçàëüíîé ÷àñòüþ ïîëèïà. Ôîðìà òåëà êåãëåâèäíàÿ.
Áàçàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü íåñêîëüêî ðàñøèðåííàÿ, îðàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü íåñåò îêðóãëóþ ãîëîâêó
(ãèïîñòîì), ïîä êîòîðîé òåëî ñóæåíî â íåáîëüøóþ øåéêó. Ãîëîâêà ãóñòî óñàæåíà
ñòðåêàòåëüíûìè êëåòêàìè. Ïîëèï ïîëíîñòüþ ëèøåí ùóïàëåö. Ðàçâèâàþùèåñÿ èç
ôðóñòóëû ïîëèïû îáðàçóþò áèïîëÿðíûå êîëîíèè. Î÷åâèäíî, èìåííî òàêàÿ ôîðìà
ðàçâèòèÿ ïðåîáëàäàåò. Âî âñÿêîì ñëó÷àå, íàì îäèíî÷íûå êîëîíèè íàáëþäàòü íå
ïðèõîäèëîñü. Ïðè æèçíè ïîëèï èìååò áåëûé öâåò.
Ðàíåå ïðîâåäåííûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî ïîëèïû C. sowerbii
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû â òåõíè÷åñêèõ âîäîåìàõ Óêðàèíû, â êîòîðûå ïîñòóïàþò ïîäîãðåòûå
âîäû. Â 1975 ã. â ðàéîíå ñáðîñà ïîäîãðåòûõ âîä Òðèïîëüñêîé ÃÐÝÑ â Êàíåâñêîì
âîäîõðàíèëèùå, â 1979 ã. â âîäîåìå-îõëàäèòåëå ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ òàêæå ïðè
èññëåäîâàíèÿõ ïåðèôèòîíà áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ïîëèïû C. sowerbii â çîíàõ, ãäå
òåìïåðàòóðà ñîñòàâëÿëà 28,0–32,0°Ñ (Ïðîòàñîâ, 1978, Ïðîòàñîâ è äð. 1981). Íàõîäêè
ïîëèïîâ â çîíàõ ïîâûøåííûõ òåìïåðàòóð ïîçâîëèëè ñäåëàòü âûâîä îá îïðåäåëåííîé
òåðìîôèëüíîñòè äàííîãî âèäà.  1983 ã. â âîäîåìå ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ áûëà
îòìå÷åíà âñïûøêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ìåäóç C. sowerbii (25–30 îñ./ì2 ïîâåðõíîñòè âîäû
â ðàéîíå ñáðîñà ïîäîãðåòûõ âîä — ñîîáùåíèå È. Â. Ïàíüêîâà). Òàêæå âñïûøêà
÷èñëåííîñòè ìåäóç áûëà îòìå÷åíà â âîäîåìå ×ÀÝÑ â êîíöå ëåòà 2003 ã., îäíàêî
ê ýòîìó ïåðèîäó ×ÀÝÑ íå ðàáîòàëà óæå 2 ãîäà, è ïîñòóïëåíèÿ ïîäîãðåòûõ ñáðîñîâ
îòñóòñâîâàëè. Ìåäóçû âñòðå÷àëèñü â âåðõîâüå Êàíåâñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà è â
ð. Äíåïð â ðàéîíå Êàíåâñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà (ëè÷í. ñîîáùåíèå Ï. ß. Êèëî÷èöêîãî).
 ñâîäêå «Limnofauna Europea» (1967) ýòîò âèä óêàçàí êàê êîñìîïîëèòè÷åñêèé.
Îäíàêî â ïåðå÷íå áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ — âñåëåíöåâ âî âíóòðåííèå ìîðÿ, ñîëîíî-
âàòîâîäíûå îçåðà è ýñòóàðèè ðåê Åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè Ðîññèè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ
ñòðàí (Àëèìîâ è äð., 2004), ñïèñêå èíâàçèéíûõ âèäîâ Óêðàèíû (Alexandrov et àl.,
2007), Ãåðìàíèè (Gollasch, Nehring, 2006) C. sowerbii óïîìèíàåòñÿ êàê èíâàçèéíûé
âèä. Ïðè ýòîì íå óêàçûâàþò åãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, ëèáî óêàçàíû íåâåðîÿòíûå
ðåãèîíû, íàïðèìåð Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíàÿ Àòëàíòèêà.
Èìåþòñÿ îñíîâàíèÿ ïîëàãàòü, ÷òî âèä ïðîèñõîäèò èç áàññåéíà ð. ßíöçû,
Êèòàé (Stadel, 1961). Ñëåäóåò òàêæå îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â ñâîäêå (Àëèìîâ è äð., 2004)
âèä îòìå÷åí êàê ïëàíêòîííûé, õîòÿ î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî â åãî îíòîãåíåçå èìååòñÿ äâå
ôîðìû: ïëàíêòîííàÿ è ïåðèôèòîííàÿ. Âèä ýòîò îòìå÷àëè äîâîëüíî ðåäêî, â ñèëó
ñëàáîé èçó÷åííîñòè ìèêðîçîîïåðèôèòîíà, ãäå íà ðàçëè÷íûõ òâåðäûõ ñóáñòðàòàõ
526 À. À. Ïðîòàñîâ, Ñ. Ï. Áàáàðèãà
Ðèñ. 1. Îáùèé âèä êîëîíèè Craspedacusta sowerbii, ñîñòîÿùåé èç äâóõ ïîëèïîâ.
Fig. 1. Two polyps of Craspedacusta sowerbii colony.
Ðèñ. 2. Îðàëüíàÿ îáëàñòü ïîëèïà.
Fig. 2. Oral zone of polyp.
1 2
527Ê âîïðîñó î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè Craspedacusta sowerbii…
ìîãóò áûòü âûÿâëåíû ïîëèïîèäíûå ñòàäèè. Ìàññîâîå ïîÿâëåíèå ìåäóçîèäíîé
ñòàäèè â ïëàíêòîíå (â ÷àñòíîñòè, âîäîåìîâ Óêðàèíû) — äîâîëüíî ðåäêîå ÿâëåíèå.
Ýòîò âèä îáíàðóæåí â Ëþáîâñêîì âîäîõðàíèëèùå Òóëüñêîé îáë., âîäîåìàõ âáëèçè
Òáèëèñè, Ó÷èíñêîì âîäîõðàíèëèùå. Îáèòàåò â èñêóññòâåííûõ è åñòåñòâåííûõ ïðåñ-
íûõ âîäîåìàõ áàññåéíà Åâðîïû è Àçèè (Íàóìîâ, 1960; Çåíêåâè÷, Ñîêîëîâà, 1956).
 ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ ïîëèï ÷àñòî îòìå÷àëè â âîäîåìàõ Ãåðìàíèè (Fritz et al., 2007).
Èçâåñòíî îêîëî 20 âèäîâ ìåäóç, îáèòàþùèõ â êîíòèíåíòàëüíûõ âîäàõ, îòìå-
÷åíû îíè íà âñåõ ìàòåðèêàõ êðîìå Àíòàðêòèäû (Jankowski, 2001). Ïîÿâëåíèå
ìåäóç, êîòîðûå ìîãóò äîñòèãàòü ðàçìåðîâ 2,5 ñì è îêàçûâàòü çíà÷èòåëüíûé, õîòÿ
è íåïðîäîëæèòåëüíûé ïðåññ íà çîîïëàíêòîí, ñâÿçàíî ñ ðàçëè÷íûìè ôàêòîðàìè,
â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñ òåìïåðàòóðîé (Jankowski, 2000). Èìåþòñÿ äîâîëüíî îãðàíè÷åí-
íûå äàííûå î ðîëè ìåäóç â äèíàìèêå ÷èñëåííîñòè ðàêîîáðàçíûõ ïëàíêòîíà. Â
íåáîëüøèõ îçåðàõ îíè ìîãóò ïîòðåáëÿòü áîëåå ÷åòâåðòè ïðîäóêöèè ðàêîîáðàçíûõ
(Jankowski, Ratte, 2000, öèò. ïî: Jankowski 2000) Ñâåäåíèÿ î òðîôè÷åñêîé ðîëè
ïîëèïîâ â ñîîáùåñòâàõ ïåðèôèòîíà íåìíîãî÷èñëåííû (Ïðîòàñîâ, 1994). Íàáëþ-
äàëè, ÷òî ïîëèïû îõîòÿòñÿ íà ïåðèôèòîííûõ ïîäâèæíûõ îëèãîõåò è ëè÷èíîê õèðî-
íîìèä ðàçìåðîì â íåñêîëüêî ðàç áîëüøå ñàìèõ ïîëèïîâ. Îòìå÷àëè è ðàçäåëåíèå
ïèùåâûõ íèø ñ äðóãèìè ïðåñíîâîäíûìè, â ÷àñòíîñòè ãèäðàìè, êîòîðûå ïèòàþòñÿ
â îñíîâíîì ïëàíêòîííûìè è ïåðèôèòîííûìè îðãàíèçìàìè, â òî âðåìÿ êàê ïîëèï
êðàñïåäàêóñòû, ïî íàøèì äàííûì, îõîòèòñÿ òîëüêî íà ïåðèôèòîííûõ îëèãîõåò,
ëè÷èíîê õèðîíîìèä.
Øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå C. sowerbii â ðàçíûõ ðàéîíàõ è âîäîåìàõ ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò
î çíà÷èòåëüíîé òîëåðàíòíîñòè âèäà ê óñëîâèÿì ñðåäû. Îäíàêî âûñêàçàííîå ðàíåå
ïðåäïîëîæåíèå (Ïðîòàñîâ, 1978) îá îïðåäåëåííîì ïðåäïî÷òåíèè èì âîäîåìîâ ñ
ïîâûøåííîé òåìïåðàòóðîé ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ ðÿäîì íàõîäîê ïîëèïîâ C. sowerbii â
âîäîåìàõ-îõëàäèòåëÿõ. Òåõíîãåííîå ïîâûøåíèå òåìïåðàòóðû ïîçâîëÿåò ðàçâèâàòüñÿ
ïîëèïàì è â õîëîäíîå âðåìÿ ãîäà. Îäíàêî â îòâîäÿùåì êàíàëå ÕÀÝÑ, ãäå òåìïåðàòóðà
áûëà âûøå 30°Ñ, ïîëèïû íà èññëåäîâàííûõ ñóáñòðàòàõ îòìå÷åíû íå áûëè.
Ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ïðåäïîëîæåíèå, ÷òî ïîëèï C. sowerbii — ïîñòîÿííûé è
äîñòàòî÷íî îáèëüíûé êîìïîíåíò çîîïåðèôèòîíà âîäîåìîâ Óêðàèíû, îñîáåííî ïðè
óñëîâèè òåõíîãåííîãî ïîâûøåíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðû.
Àëèìîâ À. Ô., Áîãóöêàÿ Í. Ã., Îðëîâà Ì. È. è äð. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå èíâàçèè â âîäíûõ è íàçåìíûõ ýêîñèñòåìàõ /
Ðåä. À. Ô. Àëèìîâ, Í. Ã. Áîãóöêàÿ. — Ì. ; ÑÏá. : Ò-âî íàó÷. èçä. ÊÌÊ, 2004. — 436 ñ.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-65643 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | Russian |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:56:39Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Протасов, А.А. Бабарига, С.П. 2014-06-29T20:06:47Z 2014-06-29T20:06:47Z 2009 К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине / А.А. Протасов, С.П. Бабарига // Вестник зоологии. — 2009. — Т. 43, № 6. — С. 525–527. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — рос. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65643 593.73: 574.5(477.43) В водоеме-охладителе Хмельницкой АЭС обнаружен полип пресноводной медузы Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880, который был обилен и встречался на различных субстратах в весенний, летний и осенний периоды. The fresh water jellyfishes Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankaster, 1880 polyp which was plentiful was found out on various substrata during the spring, summer and autumn periods in the cooling reservoir of the Khmelnitskiy nuclear power plant. ru Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Краткие сообщения К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине To the Question on Distribution of Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) in Ukraine Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине Протасов, А.А. Бабарига, С.П. Краткие сообщения |
| title | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине |
| title_alt | To the Question on Distribution of Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) in Ukraine |
| title_full | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине |
| title_fullStr | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине |
| title_full_unstemmed | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине |
| title_short | К вопросу о распространении Craspedacusta sowerbii (Cnidaria, Limnomedusa) в Украине |
| title_sort | к вопросу о распространении craspedacusta sowerbii (cnidaria, limnomedusa) в украине |
| topic | Краткие сообщения |
| topic_facet | Краткие сообщения |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65643 |
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