Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia)
The redia, cercaria, adolescaria and adult trematodes Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 are described. It was established that under natural conditions of Primorye Region, the first intermediate hosts of this trematode are snails Parafossarulus manchouricus and P. spiridonovi. Adult worms were...
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2010
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| Cite this: | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) / V.V. Besprozvannykh // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 3. — С. 261–264. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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| citation_txt | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) / V.V. Besprozvannykh // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 3. — С. 261–264. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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| description | The redia, cercaria, adolescaria and adult trematodes Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 are described. It was established that under natural conditions of Primorye Region, the first intermediate hosts of this trematode are snails Parafossarulus manchouricus and P. spiridonovi. Adult worms were grown in the chicken.
Приведено описание редии, церкарии, адолескарии и мариты трематоды Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932. Установлено, что в условиях Приморского края России роль первого промежуточного хозяина трематоды выполняют моллюски видов Parafossarulus manchouricus и P. spiridonovi. Половозрелые черви выращены у цыплят.
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UDC 595.122(571.63)
LIFE CYCLE OF THE TREMATODE NOTOCOTYLUS
INTESTINALIS (DIGENEA, NOTOCOTYLIDAE) UNDER NATURAL
CONDITIONS IN PRIMORYE REGION (RUSSIA)
V. V. Besprozvannykh
Biological and Soil Institute of the Far East Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. 100 years of Vladivostok, 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia
E-mail: besproz@ibss.dvo.ru
Received 6 May 2008
Accepted 10 October 2009
Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions
in Primorye Region (Russia). Besprozvannykh V. V. — The redia, cercaria, adolescaria and adult
trematodes Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 are described. It was established that under natural
conditions of Primorye Region, the first intermediate hosts of this trematode are snails Parafossarulus
manchouricus and P. spiridonovi. Adult worms were grown in the chicken.
Ke y wo r d s: Notocotylus intestinalis, cercaria, adolescaria, adult worms (marita), life cycle.
Æèçíåííûé öèêë òðåìàòîäû Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) â óñëîâèÿõ Ïðèìîðñêîãî
êðàÿ (Ðîññèÿ). Áåñïðîçâàííûõ Â. Â. — Ïðèâåäåíî îïèñàíèå ðåäèè, öåðêàðèè, àäîëåñêàðèè è ìàðèòû
òðåìàòîäû Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî â óñëîâèÿõ Ïðèìîðñêîãî êðàÿ
Ðîññèè ðîëü ïåðâîãî ïðîìåæóòî÷íîãî õîçÿèíà òðåìàòîäû âûïîëíÿþò ìîëëþñêè âèäîâ Parafossarulus
manchouricus è P. spiridonovi. Ïîëîâîçðåëûå ÷åðâè âûðàùåíû ó öûïëÿò.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Notocotylus intestinalis, öåðêàðèÿ, àäîëåñêàðèÿ, ìàðèòà, æèçíåííûé öèêë.
Introduction
The trematode Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 was found in the first time in domestic duck
(Anas boschas domestica) on the Philippine Islands (Skryabin, 1953). In 2001, in snails Parafossarulus
manchouricus and P. spiridonovi from floodplain reservoirs of basins Ilistaya river and Arsenjevka river, we
found out notocotylid parthenits and cercariae. We experimentally established that these trematodes belongs
to species Notocotylus intestinalis.
Material and methods
Spontaneously infested and releasing notocotylid cercariae molluscs from genus Parafossarulus served as
working material. Five hundred gastropods were examined, of which 5 were infected with notocotylids. Snails
were kept in the laboratory at the temperature of water about 20–22°Ñ. To determine reaction of cercariae to
the light, narrow elongated glass vessels sized of 20 x 2 x 3 cm were used, 1/3 of which was closed with a black
paper, with the bright point illumination of the opposite part of vessel. To establish diurnal rhythm of cercariae
releasing from snails, the latter were placed into Petri dishes with water volume of 50 ml. Every 2 hours snails
were moved to another dishes, and in previous dishes numbers of adolescariae appeared were determined.
Cercaria’s behaviour was observed on specimens which left snails during the peak emission and were placed
into Petri dishes with high sides. As definitive hosts, chickens were used, incubated in laboratory. Partenitae,
cercariae (preliminary immobilized) and adolescariae (10 spec. each) were measured being alive. Adult
trematodes were placed into whole mounts. Preparations were stained with aluminous carmine.
Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 (fig. 1)
F i r s t i n t e rmed i a t e h o s t s. Parafossarulus manchouricus and P. spiridono-
vi (Bithyniidae) (extensiveness of invasion 1.0%).
P l a c e s o f f i n d i n g. Floodplain reservoirs in the middle flow of the Ilistaya ri-
verz (basin of Khanka lake) and Arsenjevka river (first-order tributary of Ussuri river).
Vestnik zoologii, 44(3): 261–264, 2010 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ
Pa r t h en i t a. Redia sized 0.64–0.76 x 0.20–0.24 mm (fig. 1, a). Pharynx
0.056–0.067 x 0.067–0.078 mm, intestine long, filled with food debris. Maternity pore
on the level of the back edge of pharynx.
Ce r c a r i a. Body (fig. 1, b) sized 0.22–0.24 x 0.12–0.15 mm, filled with numerous
cystogenous glands. On the anterior end of body, on level of oesophagus, there are 3 pig-
mented spots. Middle spot is less than lateral ones and often hardly distinguished. Oral
sucker 0.027–0.030 x 0.027–0.038 mm. Intestinal caeca closed at the level of middle
of excretory bladder, rounded in shape. Collective excretory channels form a ring clos-
262 V. V. Besprozvannykh
Fig. 1. Notocotylus intestinalis: à — redia; b — cercaria; c — adolescaria; d — marita.
Ðèñ. 1. Notocotylus intestinalis: à — ðåäèÿ, b — öåðêàðèÿ, c — àäîëåñêàðèÿ, d — ìàðèòà.
ing up at the level of intestinal bifurcation. From the place of channels closing, unpaired
appendix, equal to oesophagus in length, goes away. The channel lumen is filled with
numerous granules. Caudal channel is divided into two short branches in the distal end
of tail. There are 2 processes on posterior end of body, used by cercariae for moving
on substrate. Tail 0.50–0.56 x 0.044–0.056 mm.
Ado l e s c a r i a. Adolescaria’s cyst (fig. 1, c) is dome-shaped, 0.160–0.166 mm in
diameter. Width of wall forming a dome 0.056–0.061 mm.
De f i n i t i v e h o s t. Chicken Gallus gallus dom. (experimentally).
Lo c a l i z a t i o n. Intestinal caeca.
Ma r i t a. Body 2.0–2.4 x 0.48–0.55 mm (here and further measurements of
5 spec.) (fig. 1, d), up to the level of middle vitelline glands covered with small spines
most densely located on its anterior end. Body edges are folded ventrally. Ventral glands
form three longitudinal rows. In median row 15, in lateral rows 16 glands in each.
Anterior gland of middle row lies ahead of the first pair of glands of lateral rows, and
posterior gland lies at the level of next to last pair of lateral glands (by 12 spec. of ma-
rites with glands). Distance from anterior end of body to the first gland of central row
0.36–0.47 mm, and between glands in rows 0.05–0.09 mm. Oral sucker 0.11–0.12 mm
in diameter, oesophagus 0.11–0.14 mm of length. Intestinal caeca do not reach a little
the level of back edge of testes. Testes 0.28–0.39 x 0.13–0.20 mm, on the external edge
of lobes deep and small. They placed 0.084–0.10 mm from posterior end of body.
Cirrus sac 0.60–0.81 x 0.06–0.08 mm, has large internal seminal vesicle and external
convoluted seminal vesicle. Genital pore located on median line immediately after
intestinal bifurcation. Cirrus is not armed, when everted, reaches 0.20 x 0.02 mm size.
Ovary 0.10–0.15 x 0.10–0.13 mm, lobed, placed on median line between testicles, at
their middle. Mehlis’ gland 0.078–0.089 x 0.084–0.089 mm, lies ahead the ovary.
Uterine loops do not cover intestinal caeca. Metraterm 0.30–0.46 mm of length.
Vitelline glands lie on each side of body covering intestinal caeca, posteriorly they
adjoin to anterior edge of testicles. Length of vitelline glands 0.40–0.56 mm. Eggs with-
out filaments 0.019 x 0.011 mm.
L i f e c y c l e. The peak release of cercaria is observed in the midday (12 a.m.–
1 p.m.). Cercariae have positive phototaxis and after short-term active swimming alter-
nating with settling on substrate and crawling they encysted in the most lighted up areas
of vessel. As we observed, they encysted not only on vessel walls, but also on the sur-
face of mollusc shell and water vegetation (on parts of plants closest to water surface).
Thus, even at the highest density of adolescariae in vessel, cercariae did not encyst on
adolescariae.
Adolescariae obtained were fed to 4 chickens, 100 spec. each. Chickens were
autopsied on 10th, 12th, and 16th days. All chickens were infected, however invasion
intensity were different, from 1 to 37 trematodes. Marites localized in intestinal caeci
and normal proportion of worms was 4–13, 1–15, 5–32. Trematodes became mature
only on 16th day after the day of chickens infection.
Discussion
Up to date, systematic status of this trematode species remained debatable. Based
on marite morphology, some authors recognize validity of N. intestinalis (Oshmarin et
al., 1970), others treat it as a synonym of N. attenuatus (Dubois, 1951, cited by
Filimonova, 1982, 1985). In our opinion, this species is independent undoubtedly.
Morphologically marites of the species mentioned differ by the followings signs:
presence of thorns on a body and absence of armament on cirrus in N. intestinalis as
compared to N. attenuatus; testes structure (testes lobes in N. attenuatus large and
poorly expressed, but in N. intestinalis they are small, numerous, and sections reach
263Life cycle of the trematode Notocotylus intestinalis ...
longitudinal ax of testicle); length proportion of metraterm and bursa (in N. attenuatus
metraterm does not reach the middle of bursa, and in N. intestinalis it goes behind the
middle of bursa). Also, there are differences in the structure of cercariae. Collective
excretory channels in cercariae N. intestinalis, in contrast to those in N. attenuatus, at
the level of intestinal bifurcation form process equal to oesophagus in length. Moreover,
it was earlier established that the first intermediate hosts of N. attenuatus are pulmonary
molluscs from genus Lymnaea (Filimonova, 1982, 1985), and in N. intestinalis,
according to results of our studies, this role play anterobranchial molluscs from genus
Parafossarulus.
Consequently, along with morphological signs, independence of species N. intestinalis
is also confirmed by peculiarities of its life cycle.
This work is made at grant under the program OBN RAS “Fundamentals for management of biological
resources” (project N 04–1–ÎÁÍ–061).
Oshmarin P. O., Demshin N. I., Lebedev B. I. Helminths of animals of South-East Asia. — Moscow : Nauka,
1970. — 220 p. — Russian : Îøìàðèí Ï. Ã., Äåìøèí Í. È., Ëåáåäåâ Á. È. Ãåëüìèíòû æèâîòíûõ
Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîé Àçèè.
Skryabin K. I. Suborder Notocotylidae Skrjabin et Schulz, 1933. Trematody of animals and man. Principles
of trematodology. — Moscow : Ed. AN USSR, 1953. — Vol. 8. — 615 p. — Russian : Ñêðÿáèíà Ê. È.
Ïîäîòðÿä Notocotylidae Skrjabin et Schulz, 1933. Òðåìàòîäû æèâîòíûõ è ÷åëîâåêà. Îñíîâû
òðåìàòîäîëîãèè.
Filimonova L. V. Review and taxonomical analysis of specific composition of trematodes from the genus
Notocotylus in fauna of the USSR // Helminths of water animals : Proc. Helmint. lab. — 1982. — 31. —
P. 107–150. — Russian : Ôèëèìîíîâà Ë. Â. Îáçîð è òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç âèäîâîãî ñîñòàâà
òðåìàòîä ðîäà Notocotylus ôàóíû ÑÑÑÐ // Ãåëüìèíòû âîäíûõ æèâîòíûõ : Òð. Ãåëüìèíò. ëàá.
Filimonova L. V. Trematody of fauna of the USSR. Notokotilidy. — Moscow : Nauka, 1985. — 128 p. —
Russian : Ôèëèìîíîâà Ë. Â. Òðåìàòîäû ôàóíû ÑÑÑÐ. Íîòîêîòèëèäû.
264 V. V. Besprozvannykh
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-65689 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:14:13Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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| spelling | Besprozvannykh, V.V. 2014-06-30T13:51:16Z 2014-06-30T13:51:16Z 2010 Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) / V.V. Besprozvannykh // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 3. — С. 261–264. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65689 595.122(571.63) The redia, cercaria, adolescaria and adult trematodes Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932 are described. It was established that under natural conditions of Primorye Region, the first intermediate hosts of this trematode are snails Parafossarulus manchouricus and P. spiridonovi. Adult worms were grown in the chicken. Приведено описание редии, церкарии, адолескарии и мариты трематоды Notocotylus intestinalis Tubangui, 1932. Установлено, что в условиях Приморского края России роль первого промежуточного хозяина трематоды выполняют моллюски видов Parafossarulus manchouricus и P. spiridonovi. Половозрелые черви выращены у цыплят. This work is made at grant under the program OBN RAS “Fundamentals for management of biological resources” (project N 04–1–ОБН–061). en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Краткие сообщения Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) Жизненный цикл трематоды Notocotylus intestinalis (Notocotylidae) в условиях Приморского края (Россия) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) Besprozvannykh, V.V. Краткие сообщения |
| title | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) |
| title_alt | Жизненный цикл трематоды Notocotylus intestinalis (Notocotylidae) в условиях Приморского края (Россия) |
| title_full | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) |
| title_fullStr | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) |
| title_short | Life Cycle of the Trematode Notocotylus intestinalis (Digenea, Notocotylidae) under Natural Conditions in Primorye Region (Russia) |
| title_sort | life cycle of the trematode notocotylus intestinalis (digenea, notocotylidae) under natural conditions in primorye region (russia) |
| topic | Краткие сообщения |
| topic_facet | Краткие сообщения |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65689 |
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