Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины
Анализ кариотипов дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea Oerley, 1885 фауны Украины свидетельствует о диплоидности большинства его представителей (2n = 36 у A. caliginosa, A. longa, A. georgii и 2n = 32 у A. dubiosa). Кариотип последнего описан впервые. При стандартном для рода базовом числе хромосом (х...
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Коцюба, И.Ю. Власенко, Р.П. Гарбар, А.В. 2014-07-01T05:23:58Z 2014-07-01T05:23:58Z 2010 Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины / И.Ю. Коцюба, Р.П. Власенко, А.В. Гарбар // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 5. — С. 387–392. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — рос. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65716 575.17:595.14(477) Анализ кариотипов дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea Oerley, 1885 фауны Украины свидетельствует о диплоидности большинства его представителей (2n = 36 у A. caliginosa, A. longa, A. georgii и 2n = 32 у A. dubiosa). Кариотип последнего описан впервые. При стандартном для рода базовом числе хромосом (х = 18) A. dubiosa составил исключение (х = 16). Два вида рода (A. rosea и A. Trapezoides) являются полиплоидами (х = 18). У A. trapezoides обнаружена новая полиплоидная раса (6n = 108). The karyotype analysis of earthworms of the genus AporrectodeaO erley, 1885 in the fauna of Ukraine shows that most of them are diploid (A. caliginosa, A. longa, A. georgii (2n = 36) and A. dubiosa (2n = 32)). The karyotype of the latter is described for the first time. Under the standard for this genus chromosome number x = 18, A. dubiosa has õ = 16, whereas the standard chromosome number for this genus is 18. Two species of the genus, A. rosea and A. trapezoides, are polyploid (x = 18). The new polyploid race (6n = 108) is discovered in A. trapezoides. ru Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Фауна и систематика Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины The Karyotypes of Earthworms of the Genus Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) of the Fauna of Ukraine Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| title |
Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины |
| spellingShingle |
Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины Коцюба, И.Ю. Власенко, Р.П. Гарбар, А.В. Фауна и систематика |
| title_short |
Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины |
| title_full |
Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины |
| title_fullStr |
Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины |
| title_sort |
кариотипы дождевых червей рода aporrectodea (oligochaeta, lumbricidae) фауны украины |
| author |
Коцюба, И.Ю. Власенко, Р.П. Гарбар, А.В. |
| author_facet |
Коцюба, И.Ю. Власенко, Р.П. Гарбар, А.В. |
| topic |
Фауна и систематика |
| topic_facet |
Фауна и систематика |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| language |
Russian |
| container_title |
Вестник зоологии |
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
The Karyotypes of Earthworms of the Genus Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) of the Fauna of Ukraine |
| description |
Анализ кариотипов дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea Oerley, 1885 фауны Украины свидетельствует о диплоидности большинства его представителей (2n = 36 у A. caliginosa, A. longa, A. georgii и 2n = 32 у A. dubiosa). Кариотип последнего описан впервые. При стандартном для рода базовом числе хромосом (х = 18) A. dubiosa составил исключение (х = 16). Два вида рода (A. rosea и A. Trapezoides) являются полиплоидами (х = 18). У A. trapezoides обнаружена новая полиплоидная раса (6n = 108).
The karyotype analysis of earthworms of the genus AporrectodeaO erley, 1885 in the fauna of Ukraine shows that most of them are diploid (A. caliginosa, A. longa, A. georgii (2n = 36) and A. dubiosa (2n = 32)). The karyotype of the latter is described for the first time. Under the standard for this genus chromosome number x = 18, A. dubiosa has õ = 16, whereas the standard chromosome number for this genus is 18. Two species of the genus, A. rosea and A. trapezoides, are polyploid (x = 18). The new polyploid race (6n = 108) is discovered in A. trapezoides.
|
| issn |
0084-5604 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65716 |
| citation_txt |
Кариотипы дождевых червей рода Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) фауны Украины / И.Ю. Коцюба, Р.П. Власенко, А.В. Гарбар // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 5. — С. 387–392. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — рос. |
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| fulltext |
ÓÄÊ 575.17:595.14(477)
ÊÀÐÈÎÒÈÏÛ ÄÎÆÄÅÂÛÕ ×ÅÐÂÅÉ ÐÎÄÀ APORRECTODEA
(OLIGOCHAETA, LUMBRICIDAE) ÔÀÓÍÛ ÓÊÐÀÈÍÛ
È. Þ. Êîöþáà, Ð. Ï. Âëàñåíêî, À. Â. Ãàðáàð
Æèòîìèðñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò èì. Èâàíà Ôðàíêî,
óë. Á. Áåðäè÷åâñêàÿ, 40, Æèòîìèð, 10002, Óêðàèíà
E-mail: saguaroklub@mail.ru
Ïîëó÷åíî 2 àïðåëÿ 2010
Ïðèíÿòî 30 èþíÿ 2010
Êàðèîòèïû äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé ðîäà Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) ôàóíû Óêðàèíû.
Êîöþáà È. Þ., Âëàñåíêî Ð. Ï., Ãàðáàð À. Â. — Àíàëèç êàðèîòèïîâ äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé ðîäà
Aporrectodea O �erley, 1885 ôàóíû Óêðàèíû ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î äèïëîèäíîñòè áîëüøèíñòâà åãî
ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé (2n = 36 ó A. caliginosa, A. longa, A. georgii è 2n = 32 ó A. dubiosa). Êàðèîòèï
ïîñëåäíåãî îïèñàí âïåðâûå. Ïðè ñòàíäàðòíîì äëÿ ðîäà áàçîâîì ÷èñëå õðîìîñîì (õ = 18)
A. dubiosa ñîñòàâèë èñêëþ÷åíèå (õ = 16). Äâà âèäà ðîäà (A. rosea è A. Trapezoides) ÿâëÿþòñÿ
ïîëèïëîèäàìè (õ = 18). Ó A. trapezoides îáíàðóæåíà íîâàÿ ïîëèïëîèäíàÿ ðàñà (6n = 108).
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: äîæäåâûå ÷åðâè, Aporrectodea, êàðèîòèï, ïîëèïëîèäèÿ.
The Karyotypes of Earthworms of the Genus Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) of the Fauna of
Ukraine. Kotsyuba I. Yu., Vlasenko R. P., Garbar O. V. — The karyotype analysis of earthworms of the
genus Aporrectodea O�erley, 1885 in the fauna of Ukraine shows that most of them are diploid (A. caliginosa,
A. longa, A. georgii (2n = 36) and A. dubiosa (2n = 32)). The karyotype of the latter is described for the
first time. Under the standard for this genus chromosome number x = 18, A. dubiosa has õ = 16, whereas
the standard chromosome number for this genus is 18. Two species of the genus, A. rosea and A. trapezoides,
are polyploid (x = 18). The new polyploid race (6n = 108) is discovered in A. trapezoides.
K e y wo r d s: earthworms, Aporrectodea, karyotype, polyploidy.
Ââåäåíèå
Êàê èçâåñòíî èç ëèòåðàòóðû (Ïåðåëü, 1979; Ãàðáàð, Âëàñåíêî, 2006 è äð.), íà òåððèòîðèè
Óêðàèíû âñòðå÷àåòñÿ âîñåìü âèäîâ ðîäà Aporrectodea: A. caliginosa (Savigny, 1826), A. trapezoides (Dugesi,
1828), A. longa (Ude, 1885), A. rosea (Savigny, 1826), A. georgii (Michaelsen, 1890), A. dubiosa (O�erley, 1880),
A. jassyensis (Michaelsen, 1891) è A. handlirschi (Rosa, 1897). Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîñëåäíèõ èññëåäîâàíèé â ôàóíå
ëþìáðèöèä Óêðàèíû (Âëàñåíêî, 2008) íàìè îáíàðóæåíî 6 èç íèõ: A. ñaliginosa, A. trapezoides, A. longa,
A. rosea, A. georgii è A. dubiosa.
Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü â ìèðîâîé ôàóíå êàðèîëîãè÷åñêè èññëåäîâàíî 5 âèäîâ ðîäà Aporrectodea:
A. ñaliginosa, A. trapezoides, A. longa, A. rosea, A. georgii (Omodeo, 1951, 1952, 1956; Muldal, 1952; Vedovini,
1973; Casellato, Rodighiero, 1972; Garbar, Vlasenko, 2007; Êashmenskaya, Polyakov, 2008; Âèêòîðîâ, 1987,
1989; Âëàñåíêî è äð., 2007). Áîëüøèíñòâî åãî ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ÿâëÿþòñÿ äèïëîèäàìè (2n = 36), à òàê
êàê äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ îïèñàíû è ïîëèïëîèäíûå ðàñû (A. trapezoides, A. rosea), óðîâåíü ïëîèäíîñòè
êîòîðûõ âàðüèðóåò â øèðîêîì äèàïàçîíå îò 2õ äî 10õ, òî çàäà÷à âûÿâëåíèÿ ïîëèïëîèäîâ äëÿ âèäîâ
ðîäà îñòàåòñÿ àêòóàëüíîé.
Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî ÷òî ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ýòîãî ðîäà õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòüþ è èìåþò
áîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå â ïî÷âîîáðàçîâàòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññàõ, êàðèîëîãè÷åñêèì èññëåäîâàíèÿì ýòîé ãðóïïû
íà òåððèòîðèè Óêðàèíû äî íåäàâíåãî âðåìåíè íå óäåëÿëîñü âíèìàíèÿ. Òîëüêî ñîâñåì íåäàâíî áûëè
èçó÷åíû êàðèîòèïû A. ñaliginosa, A. rosea, A. trapezoidås, à äëÿ A. longa îïðåäåëåíî ÷èñëî õðîìîñîì (Âëà-
ñåíêî è äð., 2007; Ãàðáàð, Âëàñåíêî, 2006; Ìåææåðèí è äð., 2008; Garbar, Vlasenko, 2007). Óñòàíîâëåíî,
÷òî A. ñaliginosa è A. longa ÿâëÿþòñÿ äèïëîèäíûìè è èõ êàðèîòèïû âêëþ÷àþò ïî 36 õðîìîñîì (2n = 36),
A. trapezoidås ïðåäñòàâëåí òðèïëîèäíîé ðàñîé (3n = 54), ó A. rosea îáíàðóæåíû êàê äèïëîèäíûå
(2n = 36), òàê è ïîëèïëîèäíûå (3n = 54, 6n = 108 è 8n ~~ 144) ðàñû. Êàðèîòèï A. georgii ñ òåððèòîðèè
Óêðàèíû ðàíåå íå îïèñûâàëñÿ, à äëÿ A. dubiosa íå èçâåñòíî äàæå ÷èñëî õðîìîñîì.
Ó÷èòûâàÿ âûøåèçëîæåííîå, öåëåñîîáðàçíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîäîëæåíèå êàðèîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé
êàðèîòèïîâ âèäîâ ðîäà Aporrectodea ôàóíû Óêðàèíû.
Vestnik zoologii, 44(5): 387–392, 2010 Ôàóíà è ñèñòåìàòèêà
Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû
Ìàòåðèàë ïî 4 âèäàì äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé ñîáèðàëè â 2004–2009 ãã. íà òåððèòîðèè Óêðàèíû (ðèñ. 1).
Ñáîð, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêó, îïðåäåëåíèå âèäîâîé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè îñîáåé, à òàêæå èçãîòîâëåíèå
êàðèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ ñ ó÷åòîì òðåáîâàíèé ñîâðåìåííîãî êàðèîòèïèðîâàíèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿëè ïî
ìåòîäèêàì, ïðèíÿòûì äëÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ ëþìáðèöèä (Ãðàôîäàòñêèé è äð., 1982;
Âèêòîðîâ, 1993; Ãàðáàð, Îíèùóê, 2007).
Àíàëèç ïðåïàðàòîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëè ñ ïîìîùüþ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî ìèêðîñêîïà Axio Imager Ì1
(ïðîãðàììà Axio Vision, âåðñèÿ 4.6.3) öåíòðà êîëëåêòèâíîãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ íàó÷íûìè ïðèáîðàìè
«Animalia» Èíñòèòóòà çîîëîãèè èì. È. È. Øìàëüãàóçåíà ÍÀÍ Óêðàèíû.
Ðåçóëüòàòû
Aporrectodea dubiosa. Èññëåäîâàëè îñîáåé (52 ýêç.) èç 3 âûáîðîê (ã. Âèëêîâî
è ïãò Ìàëàÿ Äîëèíà Îäåññêîé îáë., à òàêæå ã. Ñèìôåðîïîëü ÀÐ Êðûì). Âñåãî
ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíî 65 ìèòîòè÷åñêèõ ìåòàôàç è 17 ìåéîòè÷åñêèõ ïëàñòèíîê îò 15
è 5 ýêç. ÷åðâåé ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âñå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè èññëåäóåìîãî âèäà áûëè
äèïëîèäíûìè, î ÷åì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò êàðèîãðàììà, ñîäåðæàùàÿ 16 ïàðíûõ
ýëåìåíòîâ (2n = 32) (ðèñ. 2, 1 è 2, 3).  ïîëíîì ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ äèïëîèäíûì ÷èñëîì
íà ñòàäèè äèàêèíåçà ìåéîçà íàáëþäàëîñü 16 áèâàëåíòîâ (ðèñ. 2, 2).
Àporrectodea trapezoidås. Èññëåäîâàí ñ òåððèòîðèè Êðûìñêîãî ï-îâà
(ñ. Ìîñòîâîå, Áàõ÷èñàðàéñêèé ð-í). Ïîëó÷åíî ïî îäíîìó êàðèîëîãè÷åñêîìó
ïðåïàðàòó îò 2 ýêç.  ìåòàôàçå ìèòîçà ó èññëåäîâàííûõ ýêçåìïëÿðîâ ÷èñëî
õðîìîñîì ñîñòàâëÿëî 108, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò øåñòèêðàòíîìó óðîâíþ ïëîèäíîñòè
õðîìîñîìíîãî íàáîðà (6n = 108), ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíîìó äëÿ ýòîãî âèäà (ðèñ. 3, 1).
×èñëî ýëåìåíòîâ â ìåéîçå íåñòàáèëüíî è ñîñòàâëÿëî 41–50, ïðè áàçîâîì ÷èñëå
õðîìîñîì n = 18 (ðèñ. 3, 2, 3).
Aporrectodea georgii. Ïîëó÷åíû 4 ìèòîòè÷åñêèå ìåòàôàçû îò 3 ýêç. èç 3 âûáîðîê
(Ëüâîâñêàÿ îáë., ñ. ×åðâîíîå è ñ. ßíãîëèâêà; Ðîâåíñêàÿ îáë., ñ. Êðûëîâ). Âñå îíè
ñîäåðæàëè ïî 36 õðîìîñîì â äèïëîèäíîì íàáîðå (2n = 36) (ðèñ. 4).
388 È. Þ. Êîöþáà, Ð. Ï. Âëàñåíêî, À. Â. Ãàðáàð
Ðèñ. 1. Ìåñòà ñáîðà ìàòåðèàëà ïî êàðèîëîãèè äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé íà òåððèòîðèè Óêðàèíû.
Fig. 1. Collecting sites on karyology of earthworms on the territory of Ukraine.
Aporrectodea longa. Äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ âçÿòû îñîáè èç òðåõ ïîïóëÿöèé (Æèòîìèð,
Íåæèí è Êèåâ), îò 28 èç êîòîðûõ ïîëó÷åíû è ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû 143 ìåòàôàçíûå
ïëàñòèíêè. Âñå ìåòàôàçíûå ïëàñòèíêè ñîäåðæàëè 36 õðîìîñîì, ÷òî ïîäòâåðæäàåò
èõ äèïëîèäíóþ ïðèðîäó (ðèñ. 5) è ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äðóãèì êàðèîëîãè÷åñêèì îïèñà-
íèÿì ýòîãî âèäà (Muldal, 1952; Vedovini, 1973).
389Êàðèîòèïû äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé ðîäà Aporrectodea…
Ðèñ. 2. Õðîìîñîìû A. dubiosa: 1 — ìèòîòè÷åñêàÿ ìåòàôàçà ñ 32 õðîìîñîìàìè (ã. Ñèìôåðîïîëü); 2 —
äèàêèíåç (n = 16) (ã. Âèëêîâî); 3 — êàðèîãðàììà, èëëþñòðèðóþùàÿ ðàíæèðîâàííûå ïî âåëè÷èíå ïàðû
õðîìîñîì ìåòàôàçíîé ïëàñòèíêè.
Fig. 2. A. dubiosa chromosomes: 1 — mitotic metaphase with 32 chromosomes (Simferopol); 2 — diakinesis
(n = 16) (Vilkovo); 3 — a karyogram showing the chromosome pairs of the metaphase plate arranged by size.
Ðèñ. 3. Õðîìîñîìû A. trapezoides (ÀÐ Êðûì): 1 — ìèòîòè÷åñêàÿ ìåòàôàçà (2n = 108); 2 — äèïëîòåíà
ñ 41 ìåéîòè÷åñêîé ôèãóðîé; 3 — äèàêèíåç ñ 50 ýëåìåíòàìè.
Fig. 3. A. trapezoides chromosomes (the Crimea): 1 — mitotic metaphase (2n = 108); 2 — diplotene; 3 —
diakinesis.
10 ìêì
10 ìêì
Îáñóæäåíèå
Ïðîâåäåííîå èññëåäîâàíèå ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî ïî áàçîâîìó ÷èñëó õðîìîñîì ðîä
Aporrectodea íåîäíîðîäåí. Òàê, áîëüøèíñòâî èññëåäîâàííûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðîäà
õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ áàçîâûì ÷èñëîì õ = 18 (A. caliginosa, A. trapezoides, A. longa, A. rosea,
A. georgii), òîãäà êàê ó A. dubiosa ãàïëîèäíûé íàáîð ñîäåðæèò 16 õðîìîñîì (òàáë. 1).
Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ÷èñëî õðîìîñîì n = 16 ðåäêî âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ó Lumbricidae è
èçâåñòíî òîëüêî ó 2 âèäîâ ñåìåéñòâà: Bimastus eisenii è Helodrilus (Eophila) oculatus (Âèê-
òîðîâ, 1993). Òàêîé íå õàðàêòåðíûé äëÿ ðîäà êàðèîòèï ìîã îáðàçîâàòüñÿ â ðåçóëüòàòå
àíåóïëîèäèçàöèè èñõîäíîãî ãåíîìà (n = 18) èëè æå òàíäåìíûõ ñëèÿíèé õðîìîñîì.
Ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, ýòî ìîæåò ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàòü î íåçàâèñèìîì ïðîèñõîæäåíèè
A. dubiosa è äðóãèõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðîäà. Â íåêîòîðûõ ðîäàõ òàêæå íàáëþäàþòñÿ
ðàçëè÷èÿ ïî áàçîâûì ÷èñëàì õðîìîñîì. Íàïðèìåð, áîëüøèíñòâî èññëåäîâàííûõ
ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðîäà Eisenia õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ áàçîâûì ÷èñëîì õ = 18, òîãäà êàê E. feti-
da èìååò â ãàïëîèäíîì íàáîðå 11 õðîìîñîì. Îäíàêî ýòî íå ïîñëóæèëî îñíîâîé äëÿ
ïåðåñìîòðà åãî ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêîãî ñòàòóñà (Âèêòîðîâ, 1993).
390 È. Þ. Êîöþáà, Ð. Ï. Âëàñåíêî, À. Â. Ãàðáàð
Ðèñ. 4. Õðîìîñîìû A. georgii (ñ. ×åðâîíîå, Ëüâîâñêàÿ îáë.): ìèòîòè÷åñêàÿ ìåòàôàçà (1) è êàðèîãðàì-
ìà (2) äèïëîèäà (2n = 36).
Fig. 4. A. georgii chromosomes (v. Chervone, Lviv region): mitotic metaphase (1) and karyogram (2) of a diploid
(2n = 36).
Ðèñ. 5. Õðîìîñîìû A. longa (ã. Êèåâ): 1 — ìèòîòè÷åñêàÿ ìåòàôàçà; 2 — êàðèîãðàììà (2n = 36).
Fig. 5. A. longa chromosomes (Kyiv): 1 — mitotic metaphase; 2 — karyogram (2n = 36).
10 ìêì
10 ìêì
Èç 6 èññëåäîâàííûõ âèäîâ ðîäà Aporrectodea ÷åòûðå — A. ñaliginosa, A. longa,
A. georgii (2n = 36) è A. dubiosa (2n = 32 — ÿâëÿþòñÿ äèïëîèäàìè. Äâà âèäà — A. rosea
è A. trapezoides — ïðåäñòàâëåíû õðîìîñîìíûìè ðàñàìè ðàçëè÷íîé ïëîèäíîñòè.
Ó A. rosea îáíàðóæåíî ÷åòûðå òàêèõ ðàñû (2n = 36, 3n = 54, 6n = 108 è 8n = 144)
(Âëàñåíêî è äð., 2007). Â öåëîì ó ýòîãî âèäà èçâåñòíî ñåìü õðîìîñîìíûõ ðàñ (2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 8 è 10x) (òàáë. 1) ñ òåððèòîðèè Ôðàíöèè, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè, Èòàëèè è
Ðîññèè. Íå èñêëþ÷åíî, ÷òî â ôàóíå Óêðàèíû â äàëüíåéøåì ìîãóò áûòü îáíàðóæåíû
è äðóãèå ïîëèïëîèäíûå ðàñû ýòîãî âèäà.
×òî æå êàñàåòñÿ A. trapezoides, òî ðàíåå íà òåððèòîðèè Óêðàèíû áûëà îáíàðóæåíà
òðèïëîèäíàÿ ðàñà (3n = 54) (Ìåææåðèí è äð., 2008). Â äàííîé ðàáîòå âïåðâûå
îïèñàíà ãåêñàïëîèäíàÿ ðàñà ýòîãî âèäà (6n = 108; õ = 18). Èç ñðåäèçåìíîìîðñêîãî
ðåãèîíà èçâåñòíà òàêæå òåòðàïëîèäíàÿ ðàñà A. trapezoides (4n = 72) (Omodeo, 1952;
Vedovini, 1973), îäíàêî íà òåððèòîðèè Óêðàèíû îíà íå îáíàðóæåíà.
Ðàçíîîáðàçèå ïîëèïëîèäíûõ ôîðì, âûÿâëåííîå â ïîïóëÿöèÿõ äâóõ èç øåñòè
êàðèîëîãè÷åñêè èçó÷åííûõ âèäîâ äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé Óêðàèíû, ìîæåò áûòü
ñâÿçàíî ñ ïðîÿâëåíèåì îáùåé òåíäåíöèè, ñîãëàñíî êîòîðîé ïîëèïëîèäíûå ïàðòåíî-
ãåíåòè÷åñêèå ôîðìû çàíèìàþò ãðàíèöû ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ âèäîâûõ àðåàëîâ, â
áîëüøèíñòâå ñâîåì ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ òåððèòîðèÿìè ñ íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûìè äëÿ äîæäåâûõ
÷åðâåé êëèìàòè÷åñêèìè óñëîâèÿìè (Âèêòîðîâ, 1993).  íàøåì ñëó÷àå, âîçìîæíî,
ñ áîëüøåé çàñóøëèâîñòüþ þæíûõ îáëàñòåé. Ïðè ýòîì îò èñõîäíîé øèðîêîðàñïðî-
ñòðàíåííîé äèïëîèäíîé ôîðìû â îòäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ àðåàëà íåçàâèñèìî ìîãóò
âîçíèêàòü õðîìîñîìíûå ðàñû ðàçëè÷íîé ïëîèäíîñòè, ÷òî è íàáëþäàåòñÿ â ñëó÷àå
A. trapezoides.
391Êàðèîòèïû äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé ðîäà Aporrectodea…
Òàáëèö à 1. Êàðèîëîãè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè èññëåäîâàííûõ ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé ðîäà Aporrectodea
Ta b l e 1. Karyological characteristics of examined representatives of the genus Aporrectode
A. caliginosa êîñìîïîëèò 36 18 2õ Muldal, 1952; Omodeo, 1951;
Vedovini, 1973; Âèêòîðîâ, 1987, 1989;
Garbar, Vlasenko, 2007
A. trapezoides êîñìîïîëèò 54 18 3õ Omodeo, 1956; Caselato, 1987;
Âèêòîðîâ, 1987;
72 18 4õ Omodeo, 1952; Vedovini, 1973
108 18 6õ â äàííîé ñòàòüå
A. longa êîñìîïîëèò 36 18 2õ Muldal, 1952; Vedovini, 1973;
Âèêòîðîâ, 1987; â äàííîé ñòàòüå
A. rosea êîñìîïîëèò 36 18 2õ Vedovini, 1973;
Âëàñåíêî è äð., 2007
54 18 3õ Muldal, 1952; Omodeo, 1952;
Âëàñåíêî è äð., 2007;
72 18 4õ Omodeo, 1952; Âèêòîðîâ, 1989
74–86 18 4õ Vedovini, 1973;
90 18 5õ Omodeo, 1956;
108 18 6õ Omodeo, 1952;
Âëàñåíêî è äð., 2007;
144 18 8õ Vedovini, 1973;
Âëàñåíêî è äð., 2007;
160–174 18 10õ Omodeo, 1952
A. georgii Àòëàíòè÷íî-
Ñðåäèçåìíî-
ìîðñêèé
36 18 2õ Omodeo, 1952; â äàííîé ñòàòüå
A. dubiosa Òðàíñ-Ýãåéñêèé 32 16 2õ Â äàííîé ñòàòüå
Âèä Àðåàë
Ñîìàòè-
÷åñêîå
÷èñëî
õðîìîñîì
Áàçîâîå
÷èñëî
õðîìîñîì
Ïëîèäíîñòü Ëèòåðàòóðà
Âûâîäû
Èññëåäîâàíèå êàðèîòèïîâ äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé ðîäà Aporrectodea ôàóíû Óêðàèíû
ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î äèïëîèäíîñòè áîëüøèíñòâà åãî ïðåäñòàâèòåëåé: A. caliginosa,
A. longa, A. georgii (2n = 36) è A. dubiosa (2n = 32). Êàðèîòèï 32-õðîìîñîìíîãî
äèïëîèäà îïèñàí âïåðâûå. Ó ïåðâîãî èç äâóõ âèäîâ, ó êîòîðûõ îáíàðóæåíû
ïîëèïëîèäíûå ðàñû (A. trapezoides, À. rosea), îïèñàí íîâûé âûñîêîõðîìîñîìíûé
ïîëèïëîèäíûé êàðèîòèï (6n = 108).
Âèêòîðîâ À. Ã. Ðàçíîîáðàçèå ïîëèïëîèäíûõ ðàñ â ñåìåéñòâå äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé Lumbricidae // Óñïåõè
ñîâðåìåííîé áèîëîãèè. — 1993. — 113, âûï. 3. — Ñ. 304–312.
Âëàñåíêî Ð. Ï. Ñèñòåìàòèêà äîùîâèõ ÷åðâ³â ðîäó Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) ôàóíè
Óêðà¿íè: á³îõ³ì³êî-ãåíåòè÷íèé, êàðä³îëîã³÷íèé òà ìîðôîëîã³÷íèé ï³äõîäè : Àâòîðåô. äèñ. …
êàíä. á³îë. íàóê. — Ê., 2008. — 24 ñ.
Âëàñåíêî Ð. Ï., Ãàðáàð À. Â., Ìåææåðèí Ñ. Â. Êëîíàëüíàÿ ñòðóêòóðà, êàðèîëîãè÷åñêèé è ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèé
àíàëèç èçîëèðîâàííîãî ïîñåëåíèÿ ãèïåðâàðèàáåëüíîãî âèäà äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé Aporrectodea rosea
(Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) // Íàóê. â³ñíèê Óæãîðîä. óí-òó. Ñåð. Á³îë. — 2007. — Âèï. 21. —
Ñ. 187–191.
Âñåâîëîäîâà-Ïåðåëü Ò. Ñ., Áóëàòîâà Í. Ø. Ïîëèïëîèäíûå ðàñû äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé (Lumbricidae,
Oligochaeta), ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå â ïðåäåëàõ Âîñòî÷íî-Åâðîïåéñêîé ðàâíèíû è â Ñèáèðè //
Èçâ. ÐÀÍ. Ñåð. Áèîë. — 2008. — ¹ 4. — Ñ. 448–452.
Ãàðáàð À. Â., Âëàñåíêî Ð. Ï. Êàðèîòèïû òðåõ âèäîâ ðîäà Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) ôàóíû
Óêðàèíû // Òåç. IV Ìåæäóíàð. êîíô. ïî êàðèîñèñòåìàòèêå áåñïîçâîíî÷íûõ æèâîòíûõ. — ÑÏá.,
2006. — Ñ. 16.
Ãàðáàð À. Â., Îíèùóê È. Ï. Õðîìîñîìíûé ãåòåðîìîðôèçì Octolasium lacteum (O�rley, 1885) (Oligochaeta,
Lumbricidae) êàê ðåçóëüòàò ãèáðèäîãåíåçà // Äîï. ÍÀÍ Óêðà¿íè. — 2007. — ¹ 9. — Ñ. 136–140.
Ìåææåðèí Ñ. Â., Âëàñåíêî Ð. Ï., Ãàðáàð À. Â. Îñîáåííîñòè ãåíåòè÷åñêîé ñòðóêòóðû êîìïëåêñà
ïàøåííûõ ÷åðâåé Aporrectodea (superspecies) caliginosa (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) íà òåððèòîðèè
Óêðàèíû // Öèòîëîãèÿ è ãåíåòèêà. — 2008. — 42, ¹ 4. — Ñ. 50–57.
Ïåðåëü Ò. Ñ. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ äîæäåâûõ ÷åðâåé ôàóíû ÑÑÑÐ. — Ì. :
Íàóêà, 1979. — 272 ñ.
Garbar A. V., Vlasenko R. P. Karyotypes of thre species of the genus Aporrectodea (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
of Ukrainian fauna // Comparative Cytogenetics. — 2007. — 1, N 1. — Ð. 59–62.
Casellato S., Rodinghiero R. Caryology of the Lumbricidae // Caryologia. — 1972. — 25. — P. 513–538.
Êashmenskaya M. N., Polyakov A. V. Karyotype analysis of five species of earthworems (Oligochaeta:
Lubricidae) // Comparative Cytogenetic. — 2008. — 2, N 2. — P. 121–125.
Muldal S. The chromosomes of the earthworms I. The evolution of polyploidy // Heredity. — 1952. — ¹ 6. —
Ð. 55–76.
Omodeo P. Caryology of the Lumbricidae // Caryologia. — 1952. — 4. — P. 173–275.
Omodeo P. Contributo alla revisione Lumbricidae // Arch. Zool. Ital. — 1956. — 41. — P. 129–212.
Vedovini A. Systematique, caryologie et ecologie des Oligoche `tes Terrestres de la re ´gion Provenc �ale.
Ph. D. Dissertation, University Provence. — 1973. — 150 p.
392 È. Þ. Êîöþáà, Ð. Ï. Âëàñåíêî, À. Â. Ãàðáàð
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/KOR <FEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002e>
/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
/NOR <FEFF004200720075006b00200064006900730073006500200069006e006e007300740069006c006c0069006e00670065006e0065002000740069006c002000e50020006f0070007000720065007400740065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065007200200073006f006d00200065007200200062006500730074002000650067006e0065007400200066006f00720020006600f80072007400720079006b006b0073007500740073006b00720069006600740020006100760020006800f800790020006b00760061006c0069007400650074002e0020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065006e00650020006b0061006e002000e50070006e00650073002000690020004100630072006f00620061007400200065006c006c00650072002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200065006c006c00650072002000730065006e006500720065002e>
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/SVE <FEFF0041006e007600e4006e00640020006400650020006800e4007200200069006e0073007400e4006c006c006e0069006e006700610072006e00610020006f006d002000640075002000760069006c006c00200073006b006100700061002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400200073006f006d002000e400720020006c00e4006d0070006c0069006700610020006600f60072002000700072006500700072006500730073002d007500740073006b00720069006600740020006d006500640020006800f600670020006b00760061006c0069007400650074002e002000200053006b006100700061006400650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740020006b0061006e002000f600700070006e00610073002000690020004100630072006f0062006100740020006f00630068002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006f00630068002000730065006e006100720065002e>
/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
/IncludeGuidesGrids false
/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|