The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae)
Morpho-biological traits of the trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 at all stages of ontogeny are studied. Mollusks Physa fontinalis and Anisus spirorbis widespread in the waterbodies of the Syrdarya River valley were found to be intermediate hosts of this trematode under natural and ex...
Збережено в:
| Опубліковано в: : | Вестник зоологии |
|---|---|
| Дата: | 2010 |
| Автори: | , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2010
|
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65718 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) / F.D. Akramova, D.A. Azimov, E.B. Shakarboev // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 5. — С. 403–412. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859477302498295808 |
|---|---|
| author | Akramova, F.D. Azimov, D.A. Shakarboev, E.B. |
| author_facet | Akramova, F.D. Azimov, D.A. Shakarboev, E.B. |
| citation_txt | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) / F.D. Akramova, D.A. Azimov, E.B. Shakarboev // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 5. — С. 403–412. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вестник зоологии |
| description | Morpho-biological traits of the trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 at all stages of ontogeny are studied. Mollusks Physa fontinalis and Anisus spirorbis widespread in the waterbodies of the Syrdarya River valley were found to be intermediate hosts of this trematode under natural and experimental conditions in Uzbekistan. Prevalence of infection of P. fontinalis and A. spirorbis by Gigantobilharzia spp. parthenitae and cercariae reached 0.4 and 0.3%, respectively. Experimentally, 100% of these mollusks were infected. The maturation of cercariae in intermediate hosts ranged from 23 to 44 days depending on temperature. The cercariae actively penetrated the skin of birds and reached maturity in 30–35 days. A complex of traits of various developmental stages, particularly cercariae necessary for the differentiation of the Gigantobilharzia spp. is suggested based on of the analysis of morpho-biological peculiarities of these trematodes.
Изучены морфобиологические особенности трематоды Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 во всех фазах онтогенеза. Промежуточными хозяевами трематоды в природных и экспериментальных условиях Узбекистана оказались моллюски Physa fontinalis и Anisus spirorbis. Они широко распространены в водоемах бассейна реки Сырдарьи. Общая зараженность партенитами и церкариями гигантобильгарций составила у P. fontinalis 0,4%, у A. spirorbis — 0,3%. В условиях эксперимента указанные моллюски заражаются до 100%. Продолжительность периода созревания церкарий в промежуточных хозяевах колеблется в зависимости от температуры и составляет 23–44 сут. Церкарии активно проникают через покровы тела птиц. В течение 30–35 сут они достигают половой зрелости: cамцы и самки приступают к размножению. На основе анализа морфобиологических особенностей рассматриваемых трематод предлагается комплекс признаков различных стадий развития, в частности церкарий, для дифференциации вида.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-11-24T11:41:36Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
UDC 595.1
THE MORPHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY
OF THE TREMATODE GIGANTOBILHARZIA ACOTYLEA
(DIGENEA, SCHISTOSOMATIDAE)
F. D. Akramova, D. A. Azimov, E. B. Shakarboev
Institute of Zoology, the Uzbek Academy of Sciences,
A. Niyazova, 1, Tashkent, 100095 Uzbekistan
E-mail: dazimov@uzsci.net; shakarboev@rambler.ru
Received 2 March 2010
Accepted 8 June 2010
The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae). Akra-
mova F. D., Azimov D. A., Shakarboev E. B. — Morpho-biological traits of the trematode Gigantobilharzia
acotylea Odhner, 1910 at all stages of ontogeny are studied. Mollusks Physa fontinalis and Anisus spirorbis
widespread in the waterbodies of the Syrdarya River valley were found to be intermediate hosts of this
trematode under natural and experimental conditions in Uzbekistan. Prevalence of infection of P. fontinalis
and A. spirorbis by Gigantobilharzia spp. parthenitae and cercariae reached 0.4 and 0.3%, respectively.
Experimentally, 100% of these mollusks were infected. The maturation of cercariae in intermediate hosts
ranged from 23 to 44 days depending on temperature. The cercariae actively penetrated the skin of birds
and reached maturity in 30–35 days. A complex of traits of various developmental stages, particularly
cercariae necessary for the differentiation of the Gigantobilharzia spp. is suggested based on of the
analysis of morpho-biological peculiarities of these trematodes.
K e y wo r d s: trematoda, Gigantobilharzia acotylea, life cycle, miracidium, cercariae, parthenitae,
schistosomula, definitive host, intermediate host.
Ìîðôîëîãèÿ è áèîëîãèÿ òðåìàòîäû Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae). Àêðàìî-
âà Ô. Ä., Àçèìîâ Ä. À., Øàêàðáîåâ Ý. Á. — Èçó÷åíû ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè òðåìàòîäû
Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 âî âñåõ ôàçàõ îíòîãåíåçà. Ïðîìåæóòî÷íûìè õîçÿåâàìè
òðåìàòîäû â ïðèðîäíûõ è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ Óçáåêèñòàíà îêàçàëèñü ìîëëþñêè Physa
fontinalis è Anisus spirorbis. Îíè øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû â âîäîåìàõ áàññåéíà ðåêè Ñûðäàðüè. Îáùàÿ
çàðàæåííîñòü ïàðòåíèòàìè è öåðêàðèÿìè ãèãàíòîáèëüãàðöèé ñîñòàâèëà ó P. fontinalis 0,4%, ó
A. spirorbis — 0,3%. Â óñëîâèÿõ ýêñïåðèìåíòà óêàçàííûå ìîëëþñêè çàðàæàþòñÿ äî 100%.
Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ïåðèîäà ñîçðåâàíèÿ öåðêàðèé â ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ õîçÿåâàõ êîëåáëåòñÿ â
çàâèñèìîñòè îò òåìïåðàòóðû è ñîñòàâëÿåò 23–44 ñóò. Öåðêàðèè àêòèâíî ïðîíèêàþò ÷åðåç ïîêðîâû
òåëà ïòèö.  òå÷åíèå 30–35 ñóò îíè äîñòèãàþò ïîëîâîé çðåëîñòè: càìöû è ñàìêè ïðèñòóïàþò ê
ðàçìíîæåíèþ. Íà îñíîâå àíàëèçà ìîðôîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ òðåìàòîä
ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ êîìïëåêñ ïðèçíàêîâ ðàçëè÷íûõ ñòàäèé ðàçâèòèÿ, â ÷àñòíîñòè öåðêàðèé, äëÿ
äèôôåðåíöèàöèè âèäà.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: òðåìàòîäà, Gigantobilharzia acotylea, æèçíåííûå öèêëû, ìèðàöèäèè, öåðêàðèè,
ïàðòåíèòû, øèñòîñîìóëû, äåôèíèòèâíûå õîçÿåâà, ïðîìåæóòî÷íûå õîçÿåâà.
Introduction
The genus Gigantobilharzia was erected by Odhner (1910) for a new trematode species Gigantobilharzia
acotylea isolated from the intestinal veins of gulls inhabiting Europe. This species is recorded in Laridae of the
Palaearctic, including Uzbekistan (Skrjabin, 1951; Shigin, 1957; Iygis, 1960; Bukhovskaya-Pavlovskaya,
1962; Ryzhikov et al., 1974; Azimov, 1975, 1986; Akramova, Azimov, 2005; Khalifa, 1974; Odhner, 1910).
The genus Gigantobilharzia is one of the largest in the family Bilharziellidae (Price, 1929). It is comprised
of about 20 species parasitizing the blood vessels of waterfowl. The distribution of these birds is confined to
the northern hemisphere, the overwhelming majority are Palaearctic and Nearctic species. In addition,
representatives of this order have been recorded in the Ethiopian and Indo-Malayan regions. Gigantobilharzia spp.
Vestnik zoologii, 44(5): 403–412, 2010 Ìîðôîëîãèÿ
may cause significant damage in infected birds, while cercariae may cause cercariasis in humans. New species
have been described, life cycles of a significant number of species studied, and the structures of taxa interpreted.
Despite numerous findings of G. acotylea in Laridae of the Palaearctic, the morpho-biological traits of
trematodes at all phases of development have been studied insufficiently. In this connection, we describe the
results of experimental studies aimed at the study of biology, morphology and ontogeny of G. acotylea.
Material and methods
The material for this work included the results of the faunistic and experimental studies carried out in
2003 to 2008 in order to study the morpho-biological peculiarities of G. acotylea. The collection of the material
was conducted in the delta and flood-plain waterbodies of the rivers Syrdarya and Amudarya of Uzbekistan,
which are intensively visited by waterfowl. We examined a large number of aquatic mollusks, which are potential
intermediate hosts of schistosomes of waterfowl, for infection by the trematodes under review.
The plant cover in the flood-plain of these rivers is abundant and diverse. Tugai forests rich in herbal
cover stretch along the valleys. Marshy meadows stretch for dozens of kilometers in the areas of the flood-plains.
A large number of animals including waterfowl and waders inhabit this area.
Mollusks were collected according to a generally accepted methodology (Zhadin, 1952) from the Aidar-
Arnasai lake system, Dalverzin hunt farm and other irrigation networks, which are situated in the flood-plain
of the middle flow of the River Syrdarya. Similar collections were carried out from waterbodies situated in the
lower flow of the River Amudarya.
Waterbodies in the flood-plain: the Dautkul lakes, Lake Mashangul, Shegekul, Sudochie, Khodjakul, and
the system of Karadjar lakes were studied. In spring, summer and autumn we collected and studied 12,500
individuals of following freshwater snails: Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), L. stagnalis (Linnaeus,
1758), L. truncatula (Muller, 1774), Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758), Anisus septemgyratus (Linnaeus,
1758), A. spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758), Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Ph. acuta (Draparnaud, 1801).
Eggs of the parasite were obtained from naturally infected lake gulls Larus ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766 on
Aidar-Arnasai lake system situated in Jizzak province on 27 July 2003 and used for the biological cycle of
development of the trematode.
Of five studied gulls, we recorded 9 > and 11 + G. acotylea in the vessels of the mesentery and liver in
one individual. Eggs typical of G. acotylea were recorded in the faeces and the intestinal contents.
Identification of G. acotylea from gulls and ducks was based on preparations stained using common
helminthological methods. We studied 9 { and 11 } from the natural populations of maritae and gulls, as well
as 13 { and 17 } mature trematodes from experimentally infected ducks Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
dom. Miracidia emerging from eggs were used for experimental infection of freshwater mollusks. To obtain
miracidia, we used the method developed by Shakarboev, Akramova, Azimov (2008).
For the examination of miracidia, 10–15 g of bird faeces was placed into the capronic or gauze sack and
then into a special vial with water at the temperature of 30–32°Ñ. A special glass pipe in the form of a curve
of 1 cm in diameter was soldered to the neck of the vial.
During the study, only a small tube remains open, while other parts of the vial are closed with a special
cover, which can be done from the cardboard. An open place, i. e. the glass tube can be lit with a lamp. If a
bird is infected with bilharziellides, the movement of miracidia can be observed in the glass tube in 30–40 min.
A few drops of water are taken from the surface and then dripped onto the hour glass, a slide plate with a hollow
or a Petri dish and examined microscopically.
Mollusks reared under laboratory conditions, as well as those collected from biotopes not visited by
waterfowl, were use for experimental infections. The experimental infection of mollusks with miracidia of
G. acotylea was carried out individually or in groups. For individual infections, the mollusks were placed into
Petri dishes, and one to three active even-aged miracidia were added. Miracidia were used within one to two
hours after hatching. One day later, each of 25–30 mollusks were removed from the Petri dishes, placed into
small aquaria and monitored. Miracidia were placed into mid-sized aquaria containing 75–100 mollusks for
group infections.
The development of parthenitae was studied during the autopsy of live experimental mollusks. Morphological
and biological traits of parthenogenetic generations were studied using generally accepted methods (Ginetsinskaya,
Dobrovolsky, 1963; Ginetsinskaya, 1968). Vital stains were used while studying the morphology of miracidia
(35 individuals) and cercariae (35 individuals) of trematodes. Morphometric parameters of cercariae were studied
using the neutral red stain as described by Ginetsinskaya (1968). The methods of Galaktionov and Dobrovolsky
(1987) were used for the determination of the formula of the excretory system. Uninfected birds, obtained from
poultry farms and nurseries, were experimentally infected with cercariae emerging from the mollusks. Active,
even-aged cercariae were used in the experiment, i. e., cercariae collected within 3 to 5 hours after emergence
from the intermediate host. In the experiment, we used 10 individuals of each of young domestic ducks, geese
and chickens aged 15–20 days. Young birds were infected with 350–500 cercariae by immersion of the legs
into the vessel with water containing cercariae, for 30, 45, or 60 min at 28–30°C. The migration of young
G. acotylea maritae (schistosomula) was studied by dissecting young birds 5, 10, 15 and 20 days post infection.
The study was carried out using the following equipment: a phase-contrast microscope, inverted ÑÊ2-
TR (Olympus, Japan), research microscope LOMO, cooling centrifuges TR7 (Dupont, USA), and binocular
ML–2200 (Olympus, Japan). The figures were produced by using the drawing apparatus ÐÀ 4.
404 F. D. Akramova, D. A. Azimov, E. B. Shakarboev
Results and discussion
Egg s a nd m i r a c i d i a. Trematodes lay eggs in the lumen of the capillaries of the
intestine and other organs. Embryos develop in the eggs situated in the tissues of defini-
tive hosts (fig. 1). Newly laid eggs are oval with a spine on one pole and are 0.068–0.076
long by 0.042–0.054 wide. Mature eggs in the feces are 0.092–0.110 by 0.062–0.067 mm
and are light yellow in color. Eggs in the submucosa of the intestine undergo significant
morphobiological changes during the migration. The size of the eggs increase while pre-
serving the general shape. The development and formation of miracidia occurs during the
migration in tissues of the intestine of definitive host. Eggs found in the lumen of the intes-
tine, as a rule, contain formed miracidia, and the eggs become light-yellow. During the
contact with water above 20°Ñ (25–30°Ñ), the shell breaks on the sides and the miracidia
escape. Shortly before emergence, the miracidia become active. Exposure to sunlight stim-
ulates most miracidia to emerge from the eggs within 25–30 min.
Actively moving miracidia of G. acotylea have an elongated body slightly sharpening
anteriorly and narrowing posterirorly (fig. 2, a). Miracidia show a positive photo- and neg-
ative geotaxis (Azimov, 1986). The active life of the larvae at 25–32°Ñ is ca. 20 hours.
The body length of a miracidium is 0.17–0.20 mm and the maximal width is
0.08 m. The surface of the body is formed by four rows of ciliated epithelial plates, with
the formula 6 8 : 4 : 2 = 20 (fig. 2, b).
405The morphology, biology and taxonomy of the trematode…
Fig. 1. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: consecutive stages of embryo development.
Ðèñ. 1. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûå ýòàïû ðàçâèòèÿ ýìáðèîíà.
Fig. 2. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — a general view of the miracidium; b — location of epithelial plates.
Ðèñ. 2. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — îáùèé âèä ìèðàöèäèÿ; b — ðàñïîëîæåíèå ýïèòåëèàëüíûõ ïëàñòèíîê.
A rather large elongated-oval nerve ganglion is situated at the level of the second row
of epithelial plates. There are two pairs of ciliated cells. The first pair is situated at the sides
of the nerve ganglion, the second one at the posterior part of the miracidium. These cells
are situated by convoluted tubules. Generative cells are clearly differentiated and consist
of 20–25 cells, which are situated in the posterior third part of the miracidium.
Deve l opmen t i n t h e i n t e rmed i a t e ho s t. Mollusks A. spirorbis and Ph. fonti-
nalis were recorded as intermediate hosts of G. acotylea both in the wild and experimentally.
After penetration of the intermediate host, the miracidia undergo a regressive meta-
morphosis into a mother sporocyst (fig. 3, a), characterized by an extremely simple struc-
ture. It breeds parthenogenetically, producing morphologically more complicated indi-
viduals of the next generation — daughter sporocysts (fig. 3, b). Sporocysts are light-milky
in color, and easily visible against the brown background of the mollusk liver. Mother
sporocysts are saccular in shape and contain numerous germinal cells. The number of ger-
minal cells increased from 20–25 upon penetration to 40–76 four days post-infection.
The development of a daughter sporocyst begins in the cavity of the mother sporo-
cyst. Daughter sporocysts are fusiform and reach 3-4.5 mm in length. By day 18–20, devel-
oping cercariae are noticeable in the body of daughter sporocysts. The fully formed cer-
cariae leave daughter sporocysts and emerge from the mollusk 25–28 days post-infection.
Maturation of parthenogenetic generations in experimentally infected mollusks was
directly related to water temperature. We carried out series of experiments under differ-
ent temperature conditions (in spring, summer and autumn of 2003 and 2007).
Uninfected mollusks (Ph. fontinalis, A. spirorbis, L. auricularia, P. planorbis and Ph. acuta)
were subjected to infection with 2–3 even-aged G. acotylea miracidia. The mollusks con-
tained in the aquaria with different temperature regimes were fed with leaves of grape and
mulberry tree. The rate of development of parthenitae and cercariae is given in table 1.
The optimal temperatures were 25–30°Ñ, with the processes of development significant-
ly accelerating (tabl. 1).
Under experimental conditions, the infection rate of Ph. fontinalis and A. spirorbis
reached 100%; however, the majority of mollusks died during the experiments. In the first
experiment, of 240 Ph. fontinalis only seven survived, from which cercariae emerged for
21 days before the mollusks died. Similar results were obtained in experiment 2. Of 142
A. spirorbis, only nine individuals survived before the release of cercariae. They remained
viable for 17 days.
The mollusks L. auricularia, Pl. planorbis and Ph. acuta were not infected. Cercarium.
Furcocercous. Measurements were taken from individuals stained with acetic carmine with-
out a preliminary fixation (n = 35).
406 F. D. Akramova, D. A. Azimov, E. B. Shakarboev
Fig. 3. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — mother sporocyst; b — daughter sporocyst.
Ðèñ.3. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — ìàòåðèíñêàÿ ñïîðîöèñòà; b — äî÷åðíÿÿ ñïîðîöèñòà.
Body elongated-oval, 0.266–0.282 mm long and 0.068–0.080 mm wide. Anterior organ
pyriform, 0.078–0.096 mm long and 0.054–0.062 mm wide. Two eyespots present.
Ventral sucker 0.032–0.046 mm in diameter. Tail stem 0.386–0.416 mm long and
0.046–0.056 mm wide. Furcae shorter than tail stem, 0.206–0.262 mm long and
0.024–0.028 mm wide. Mouth subterminal; oesophagus relatively long; intestine bifur-
cates into two branches just anterior to ventral sucker (fig. 4 a, b). Five pairs of large pen-
etration glands present: first pair anterior to the ventral sucker; second at level of the first
pair, and remaining three pairs behind it. Ducts convoluted, passing into anterior organ
open independently at the sides of the mouth. Excretory system consisting of ciliated cells
or cyrtocytes of tubules deviating from them. Common excretory stem running the
length of the tail stem bifurcating near the end of the stem; excretory pores opening near
furcal tips. The structure of the excretory system expressed with the following formula:
2[(1+1+1) + (1+1+1) + (1)] = 14. Flame cells as the follows: three pairs in the ante-
rior part of body; three pairs posterior to ventral sucker; one pair in anterior part of the
tail stem. Sexual rudiment behind the ventral sucker (fig. 4, c).
Cercariae are active in the water and rise to the surface. They show a positive photo-
and negative geotaxis. An increase in illumination and temperature results an intensive
release of cercariae from the mollusks. Under favorable conditions, the emission of cer-
cariae occurs daily. Cercariael release under laboratory conditions (25–32°C) lasts about
three days.
De v e l o pmen t i n d e f i n i t i v e h o s t s. A series of experiments on experimen-
tal infection of birds with G. acotylea cercariae under laboratory conditions was carried
out. Cercariae emitted from experimental mollusks Ph. fontinalis and A. spirorbis were used
for the infection.
Experiments on infection of goslings and chicken were negative. Ten ducklings became
infected. Mature eggs of G. acotylea were found in the faeces 30 and 35 days post-infec-
tion (tabl. 2).
Schistosomula were found in blood vessels of lungs five days post infection and in
the liver and kidneys on days 10 and 15 post-infection. Sexual differentiation was noted
beginning 20 days post-infection. After 25 days, the trematodes attained sexual maturi-
ty (fig. 5, 6). Mature males and females were found in blood vessels of the mesentery,
kidneys and liver. Eggs at different stages of development were found beneath the sub-
mucosal layer of the intestine.
407The morphology, biology and taxonomy of the trematode…
Ta b l e 1. Results of experiments on the infection of mollusks with miracidia G. acotylea
Òàáëèö à 1. Ðåçóëüòàòû îïûòîâ ïî çàðàæåíèþ ìîëëþñêîâ ìèðàöèäèÿìè G. acotylea
Experiment 1
Physa fontinalis 55 15–18 41–44
38 18–22 36–39
45 22–25 30–31
45 25–30 25–28
57 32–35 23–25
Experiment 2
Anisus spirorobis 19 15–18 43–45
27 18–22 38–40
39 22–25 30–33
41 25–30 26–29
17 32–35 23–26
Experiment 3
Lymnaea auricularia 105 25–30 Were not infected
Planorbis planorbis 98 25–30 Were not infected
Physa acuta 208 25–30 Were not infected
Mollusk species Number of individuals Temperature, °Ñ
Day of cercariae emission,
days from experiment start
All phases of development of the trematode G. acotylea maritae occurring in the defini-
tive host were traced on the experimental material. Intensive growth of the parasite and
the formation of all systems were observed from the 1st to 20th day. Sexual maturity of
trematodes inhabiting the venous vessels of the intestine and liver of ducklings took place
25–30 days post-infection; however, their growth did not stop when the sexual maturi-
ty is attained. Younger worms, 25-day-old males and females, were significantly differ-
ent morphologically from 450-day-old specimens.
The studies of the experimental material revealed morphological traits, which do not
undergo significant changes during the development of G. acotylea. In males these are:
the length and configuration of the gynaecophoric canal, and the number and position
of testes. In females these are: the structure of the ovary and uterus, the number of eggs
in the uterus, and the form and ornamentation of eggs. These traits remain constant irre-
spective of parasite age. The number and position of cyrtocytes and penetration glands
in the cercariae may serve as species criteria of Gigantobilharzia spp.
The results of our study suggest the necessity of using a complex of traits of both
maritae and cercariae for differentiation and establishment of the validity of trematode
species.
408 F. D. Akramova, D. A. Azimov, E. B. Shakarboev
Fig. 4. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — a general view of the cercariae; b, c — details of organs.
Ðèñ. 4. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — îáùèé âèä öåðêàðèÿ; b, c — äåòàëè ñòðîåíèÿ.
409The morphology, biology and taxonomy of the trematode…
Ta b l e 2. Time of development of G.acotylea in the definitive host (in experiment)
Ò à á ëèö à 2. Ñðîêè ðàçâèòèÿ G. acotylea â äåôèíèòèâíîì õîçÿèíå (â ýêñïåðèìåíòå)
10 350–500 Schistosomules 5
Schistosomules 10
Schistosomules 15
33 — 20
47 — 25
56 21 30
— 55 35
48 — 35
17 – 40
29 — 45
Number of ducklings
in experiment
Number of cercariae
for one bird
Recorded individuals Time of dissection from start
of experiment, in days{ }
Fig. 5. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: à — male, general view; b — anterior part; c — tail end; d — Gynaecophoric
canal.
Ðèñ. 5. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: à — ñàìåö, îáùèé âèä; b — ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü; c — õâîñòîâàÿ ÷àñòü; d —
ãèíåêîôîðíûé êàíàë.
Below we give the description of Gigantobilharzia acotylea males and females (30 and
20 individuals, respectively) based on the original material from ducks and Larus ridibundus.
Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910
Def i n i t i v e ho s t s. Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758;
Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758; Larus minutus Pallas, 1776; Larus melanocephalus Temminck,
1815; Larus ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766; Chlidonias leucopterus (Temminck, 1815); Sterna
hirundo Linnaeus, 1758; Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758); Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus,
1758 dom.
In te rmed ia t e hos t s. Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus,
1758).
P l ace o f de t ec t i on. Syrdarya and Jizzak provinces of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
410 F. D. Akramova, D. A. Azimov, E. B. Shakarboev
Fig. 6. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — female, general view; b — anterior part; c — tail end; d — details of sexual
organs.
Ðèñ. 6. Gigantobilharzia acotylea: a — ñàìêà, îáùèé âèä; b — ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü; c — õâîñòîâàÿ ÷àñòü; d —
äåòàëè ñòðîåíèÿ ïîëîâûõ îðãàíîâ.
Description
Male. Thin filiform trematodes 42.5–60.3 mm long and 0.15–0.26 mm wide.; tegu-
ment aspinous. Mouth subterminal, suckers absent. Gynaecophoric canal present,
0.75–0.95 mm long. Oesophagus 0.18–0.26 mm long; paired intestinal stem short; com-
mon cecum long, reaching posterior end of body in zigzag pattern. Testes 300–335 in
diameter; located along the non-paired intestinal caecum. Seminal vesicle and cirrus pouch
situated inside intestinal arch. Genital pore opens at front edge of the gynaecophoric ca-
nal (fig. 5).
F ema l e. Extremely thin filiform trematodes 28–36 mm long and 0.066–0.098 mm
wide; tegument aspinous. Oesophagus 0.54–0.78 long; intestinal ceca forming arch in ante-
rior part of body; non-paired intestinal caecum long, reaching posterior end of body. The
ovary strombuliform, 0.56–0.66 mm long; uterus short, containing one egg. Eggs oval,
0.06 by 0.04 mm, with one terminal spine.
Genital pore opens at the anterior part of the body. Vitelline glands numerous, lat-
eral to common intestinal caecum (fig. 6).
Conclusions
1. Mollusks Ph. fontinalis and A. spirorbis are intermediate hosts of G. acotylea in the
wild and experimentally. They are widespread in waterbodies situated along the mid-course
of the River Syrdarya (in Uzbekistan). Prevalence of infection of these mollusks with lar-
val stages of Gigantobilharzia sp. reached 0.4 and 0.3% in Ph. fontinalis and A. spirorbis,
respectively. The experimental infection rate of these mollusks reached 100%.
2. It was experimentally established that the G. acotylea miracidia actively penetrate
into intermediate hosts — mollusks. The development and formation of parthenogenet-
ic generations starts with the formation of the mother sporocyst. The fully formed sporo-
cysts were noted 3–4 days post-infection at 25–30°Ñ. Daughter sporocysts develop
inside the mother sporocyst. The time of maturation of formed cercariae of G. acotylea
is directly related to temperature and ranges from 23 to 44 days.
3. Cercariae of G. acotylea actively penetrate the definitive hosts. Migrating schis-
tosomula reach the vessels of the liver and intestine, develop to sexual maturity and start
breeding within 30–35 days.
4. The study of the experimental material revealed morphological traits, which in the
process of the development of G. acotylea do not undergo significant changes: the length
and configuration of the gynaecophoric canal; the number and position of testes in males;
and the position of the ovary and uterus; the number of eggs in the uterus; the form and
ornamentation of eggs in females. These traits remain constant irrespective of the age of
mature parasites. Such traits of cercariae as the number and position of ciliated cells and
penetration glands can serve as the species criteria of Gigantobilharzia.
This work was carried out with the support of the Fund of Fundamental Studies of Uzbek Academy of
Sciences; grant N 135–06, N 4–072. We are indebted to Javkhar Khodjaev for the translation of this
manuscript
Azimov D. A. Shistosomatidi jivotnix i cheloveka (Schistosomatides of animals and humans). — Tashkent : Fan,
1975. — 152 p. — Russian : Àçèìîâ Ä. À. Øèñòîñîìàòèäû æèâîòíûõ è ÷åëîâåêà.
Azimov D. A. Trematodi — paraziti jivotnix i cheloveka (Trematodes, parasites of animals and human). — Tashkent :
Mekhnat, 1986. — 128 p. — Russian : Àçèìîâ Ä. À. Òðåìàòîäû — ïàðàçèòû æèâîòíûõ è ÷åëîâåêà.
Akramova F. D., Azimov D. A. Ekologo-faunisticheskiy analiz trematod semeystva Bilharziellidae Price, 1929 (Ecologo-
faunistical analysis of trematodes of the family Bilharziellidae Price, 1929) // Uzbekskiy Biologicheskiy
Zhurnal. — 2005. — N 5. — S. 47–52. — Russian : Àêðàìîâà Ô. Ä., Àçèìîâ Ä. À. Ýêîëîãî-ôàóíèñòè÷åñêèé
àíàëèç òðåìàòîä ñåìåéñòâà Bilharzielidae (Price, 1929) // Óçáåêñêèé áèîëîãè÷åñêèé æóðíàë.
Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya I. E. Trematodi ptits fauni SSSR (Trematodes of birds in the fauna of the USSR). —
Moscow ; Leningrad : The publishers of All-Union Academy of Sciences, 1962. — 407 p. — Russian :
Áûõîâñêàÿ-Ïàâëîâñêàÿ È. Å. Òðåìàòîäû ïòèö ôàóíû ÑÑÑÐ.
411The morphology, biology and taxonomy of the trematode…
Galaktionov K. V., Dobrovolsky A. A. Germafroditnoe pokolenie trematod (A hermaphroditic generation of
trematodes). — Leningrad : Nauka, 1987. — 193 p. — Russian : Ãàëàêòèîíîâ Ê. Â., Äîáðîâîëüñêèé À. À.
Ãåðìàôðîäèòíîå ïîêîëåíèå òðåìàòîä.
Ginetsinskaya T. A. Trematodi, ikh jiznennie sikli, biologiya i evolyutsiya (Trematodes, their life cycles, biology
and evolution). — Leningrad : Nauka, 1968. — 412 p. — Russian : Ãèíåöèíñêàÿ Ò. À. Òðåìàòîäû, èõ
æèçíåííûå öèêëû, áèîëîãèÿ è ýâîëþöèÿ.
Ginetsinskaya T. A., Dobrovolsky A. A. Noviy metod obnarujeniya sensill lichinok trematod i znachenie etikh
obrazovaniy dlya sistematiki (A new method of finding sensillae of trematode larvae and the importance
of these formations for the systematic) // Doklady AN SSSR. — 1963. — 151, N 2. — P. 46–463. —
Russian : Ãèíåöèíñêàÿ Ò. À., Äîáðîâîëñêèé À. À. Íîâûé ìåòîä îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñåíñèëë ëè÷èíîê
òðåìàòîä è çíà÷åíèå ýòèõ îáðàçîâàíèé äëÿ ñèñòåìàòèêè // Äîêëàäû ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ.
Iygis V. A. Fauna sosalshikov vodnikh i pribrejnikh ptits okrestnosti poluostrova Pukhtu Estonskoy SSR (The
fauna of suckers in water and waterside birds in the vicinity of the peninsula Puhtu of Estonia SSR) //
Annual proceedings of the Society of Naturalists affiliated to the Academy of Sciences of the Estonia SSR. —
1960. — 52. — P. 131–149. — Russian : Éûãèñ Â. À. Ôàóíà ñîñàëüùèêîâ âîäíûõ è ïðèáðåæíûõ ïòèö
îêðåñòíîñòè ïîëóîñòðîâà Ïóõòó Ýñòîíñêîé ÑÑÐ // Åæåãîäíèê îá-âà åñòåñòâîèñïûò. ÀÍ ÝÑÑÐ.
Khalifa R. Studies on Schistosomatidae Looss, 1899 (Trematoda) of aquatic birds of Poland. II. Gigantobilharzia
mazuriana sp. n., with a discussion of the subfamily Gigantobilharziinae Mehra, 1940 // Acta Parasitol.
Polonica. — 1974. — 22, N 23. — P. 265–289.
Odhner T. Gigantobilharzia acotylea g. n., sp. n., ein mit den Bilharzien verwandter Blutparasit von enormer
La�nge // Zool. Anz. — 1910. — 35. — P. 380–385.
Ryzhikov K. M., Gubanov N. M., Tolkacheva L. M. et al. Gelminti ptits Yakutii I sopredelnikh territorii. Sestodi
i trematodi (Helminths of birds in Yakutia and adjoining territories. Cestodes and trematodes. —
Moscow : Nauka, 1974. — 340 p. — Russian : Ðûæèêîâ Ê. Ì., Ãóáàíîâ Í. Ì., Òîëêà÷åâà Ë. Ì. è äð.
Ãåëüìèíòû ïòèö ßêóòèè è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèè. Öåñòîäû è òðåìàòîäû.
Skrjabin K. I. Trematodi jivotnix i cheloveka. Osnovi trematodologii (Trematodes of animals and humans. The
basics of trematodology). — Moscow ; Leningrad : The publishers of All-Union Academy of Sciences,
1951. — P. 255–432. — Russian : Ñêðÿáèí Ê. È. Òðåìàòîäû æèâîòíûõ è ÷åëîâåêà. Îñíîâû
òðåìàòîäîëîãèè.
Shakarboev E. B., Akramova F. D., Azimov D. A. Miratsidioskopiya — effektivniy metod prijiznennoy diagnostiki
bilgartsiozov (shistosomozov) (Miracidioscopy — an effective method of the vital diagnostics of
bilharziasis (schistosomiasis) // The problems of development, synthesis and production of medicine for
veterinary. — Samarkand, 2008. — P. 320–324. — Russian : Øàêàðáîåâ Ý. Á., Àêðàìîâà Ô. Ä.,
Àçèìîâ Ä. À. Ìèðàöèäèîñêîïèÿ — ýôôåêòèâíûé ìåòîä ïðèæèçíåííîé äèàãíîñòèêè áèëüãàðöèîçîâ
(øèñòîñîìîçîâ) // Ïðîáëåìû ñîçäàíèÿ è ñèíòåç âåòåðèíàðíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ.
Shigin A. A. Paraziticheskie chervil sapel i poganok Ribinskogo vodokhranilishe (Parasitic worms of herons
and grebes on Rybinskoe reservoir) // The proceedings of the Darvinsky State Nature Reserve. — 1957. —
4. — P. 245–289. — Russian : Øèãèí À. À. Ïàðàçèòè÷åñêèå ÷åðâè öàïåëü è ïîãàíîê Ðûáèíñêîãî
âîäîõðàíèëèùå // Òðóäû Äàðâèíñêîãî ãîñ. çàïîâåäíèêà.
Zhadin V. I. Mollyuski presnikh i solonovatikh vod. Opredelitel po faune SSSR, izdavaemikh Zoologicheskim
institutom AN SSSR (Mollusks of freshwater and brackish waterbodies in the USSR. Reference books
on the fauna of the USSR published by the Zoological Institute of the All-Union Academy of Sciences). —
Moscow ; Leningrad : Nauka, 1952. — Issue 46. — 376 p. — Russian : Æàäèí Â. È. Ìîëëþñêè ïðåñíûõ
è ñîëîíîâàòûõ âîä ÑÑÑÐ // Îïðåäåëèòåëè ïî ôàóíå ÑÑÑÐ, èçäàâàåìûå Çîîëîãè÷åñêèì èíñòèòóòîì
ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. Ò. 46.
412 F. D. Akramova, D. A. Azimov, E. B. Shakarboev
<<
/ASCII85EncodePages false
/AllowTransparency false
/AutoPositionEPSFiles true
/AutoRotatePages /None
/Binding /Left
/CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%)
/CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1)
/CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2)
/sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1)
/CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Error
/CompatibilityLevel 1.4
/CompressObjects /Tags
/CompressPages true
/ConvertImagesToIndexed true
/PassThroughJPEGImages true
/CreateJDFFile false
/CreateJobTicket false
/DefaultRenderingIntent /Default
/DetectBlends true
/DetectCurves 0.0000
/ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK
/DoThumbnails false
/EmbedAllFonts true
/EmbedOpenType false
/ParseICCProfilesInComments true
/EmbedJobOptions true
/DSCReportingLevel 0
/EmitDSCWarnings false
/EndPage -1
/ImageMemory 1048576
/LockDistillerParams false
/MaxSubsetPct 100
/Optimize true
/OPM 1
/ParseDSCComments true
/ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true
/PreserveCopyPage true
/PreserveDICMYKValues true
/PreserveEPSInfo true
/PreserveFlatness true
/PreserveHalftoneInfo false
/PreserveOPIComments false
/PreserveOverprintSettings true
/StartPage 1
/SubsetFonts true
/TransferFunctionInfo /Apply
/UCRandBGInfo /Preserve
/UsePrologue false
/ColorSettingsFile ()
/AlwaysEmbed [ true
]
/NeverEmbed [ true
]
/AntiAliasColorImages false
/CropColorImages true
/ColorImageMinResolution 300
/ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleColorImages true
/ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/ColorImageResolution 300
/ColorImageDepth -1
/ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1
/ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeColorImages true
/ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode
/AutoFilterColorImages true
/ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG
/ColorACSImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/ColorImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000ColorImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasGrayImages false
/CropGrayImages true
/GrayImageMinResolution 300
/GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleGrayImages true
/GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/GrayImageResolution 300
/GrayImageDepth -1
/GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2
/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeGrayImages true
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode
/AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG
/GrayACSImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/GrayImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000GrayImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasMonoImages false
/CropMonoImages true
/MonoImageMinResolution 1200
/MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleMonoImages true
/MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/MonoImageResolution 1200
/MonoImageDepth -1
/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeMonoImages true
/MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
/MonoImageDict <<
/K -1
>>
/AllowPSXObjects false
/CheckCompliance [
/None
]
/PDFX1aCheck false
/PDFX3Check false
/PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false
/PDFXNoTrimBoxError true
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfile ()
/PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier ()
/PDFXOutputCondition ()
/PDFXRegistryName ()
/PDFXTrapped /False
/Description <<
/CHS <FEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002>
/CHT <FEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002>
/DAN <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>
/DEU <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>
/ESP <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>
/FRA <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>
/ITA <FEFF005500740069006c0069007a007a006100720065002000710075006500730074006500200069006d0070006f007300740061007a0069006f006e00690020007000650072002000630072006500610072006500200064006f00630075006d0065006e00740069002000410064006f00620065002000500044004600200070006900f900200061006400610074007400690020006100200075006e00610020007000720065007300740061006d0070006100200064006900200061006c007400610020007100750061006c0069007400e0002e0020004900200064006f00630075006d0065006e007400690020005000440046002000630072006500610074006900200070006f00730073006f006e006f0020006500730073006500720065002000610070006500720074006900200063006f006e0020004100630072006f00620061007400200065002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200065002000760065007200730069006f006e006900200073007500630063006500730073006900760065002e>
/JPN <FEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002>
/KOR <FEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002e>
/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
/NOR <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>
/PTB <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>
/SUO <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>
/SVE <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>
/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
/IncludeGuidesGrids false
/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-65718 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-24T11:41:36Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Akramova, F.D. Azimov, D.A. Shakarboev, E.B. 2014-07-01T05:28:42Z 2014-07-01T05:28:42Z 2010 The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) / F.D. Akramova, D.A. Azimov, E.B. Shakarboev // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 5. — С. 403–412. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65718 595.1 Morpho-biological traits of the trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 at all stages of ontogeny are studied. Mollusks Physa fontinalis and Anisus spirorbis widespread in the waterbodies of the Syrdarya River valley were found to be intermediate hosts of this trematode under natural and experimental conditions in Uzbekistan. Prevalence of infection of P. fontinalis and A. spirorbis by Gigantobilharzia spp. parthenitae and cercariae reached 0.4 and 0.3%, respectively. Experimentally, 100% of these mollusks were infected. The maturation of cercariae in intermediate hosts ranged from 23 to 44 days depending on temperature. The cercariae actively penetrated the skin of birds and reached maturity in 30–35 days. A complex of traits of various developmental stages, particularly cercariae necessary for the differentiation of the Gigantobilharzia spp. is suggested based on of the analysis of morpho-biological peculiarities of these trematodes. Изучены морфобиологические особенности трематоды Gigantobilharzia acotylea Odhner, 1910 во всех фазах онтогенеза. Промежуточными хозяевами трематоды в природных и экспериментальных условиях Узбекистана оказались моллюски Physa fontinalis и Anisus spirorbis. Они широко распространены в водоемах бассейна реки Сырдарьи. Общая зараженность партенитами и церкариями гигантобильгарций составила у P. fontinalis 0,4%, у A. spirorbis — 0,3%. В условиях эксперимента указанные моллюски заражаются до 100%. Продолжительность периода созревания церкарий в промежуточных хозяевах колеблется в зависимости от температуры и составляет 23–44 сут. Церкарии активно проникают через покровы тела птиц. В течение 30–35 сут они достигают половой зрелости: cамцы и самки приступают к размножению. На основе анализа морфобиологических особенностей рассматриваемых трематод предлагается комплекс признаков различных стадий развития, в частности церкарий, для дифференциации вида. This work was carried out with the support of the Fund of Fundamental Studies of Uzbek Academy of Sciences; grant N 135–06, N 4–072. We are indebted to Javkhar Khodjaev for the translation of this manuscript en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Морфология The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) Морфология и биология трематоды Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) Akramova, F.D. Azimov, D.A. Shakarboev, E.B. Морфология |
| title | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) |
| title_alt | Морфология и биология трематоды Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) |
| title_full | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) |
| title_fullStr | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) |
| title_short | The Morphology and Biology of the Trematode Gigantobilharzia acotylea (Digenea, Schistosomatidae) |
| title_sort | morphology and biology of the trematode gigantobilharzia acotylea (digenea, schistosomatidae) |
| topic | Морфология |
| topic_facet | Морфология |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65718 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT akramovafd themorphologyandbiologyofthetrematodegigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT azimovda themorphologyandbiologyofthetrematodegigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT shakarboeveb themorphologyandbiologyofthetrematodegigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT akramovafd morfologiâibiologiâtrematodygigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT azimovda morfologiâibiologiâtrematodygigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT shakarboeveb morfologiâibiologiâtrematodygigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT akramovafd morphologyandbiologyofthetrematodegigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT azimovda morphologyandbiologyofthetrematodegigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae AT shakarboeveb morphologyandbiologyofthetrematodegigantobilharziaacotyleadigeneaschistosomatidae |