Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine
Four hymenolepidoid cestode species Glareolepis porale (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et Greben, sp. n.; Wardium (s. l.) sp. n.; and Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983 from pratincole from the Southern Ukraine are discribed. The morpho...
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| Zitieren: | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine / V.V. Kornyushin, O.B. Greben // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 6. — С. 495–507. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Kornyushin, V.V. Greben, O.B. |
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| citation_txt | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine / V.V. Kornyushin, O.B. Greben // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 6. — С. 495–507. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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| description | Four hymenolepidoid cestode species Glareolepis porale (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et Greben, sp. n.; Wardium (s. l.) sp. n.; and Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983 from pratincole from the Southern Ukraine are discribed. The morphology of G. porale is described in details. An interesting new observation is that testes are lacking in female proglottides of G. porale; the structures described in literature as testes in hermaphroditic proglottides are, in fact, ovarian lobes. The new cestode species Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. is described. It is characterised by aploparaksoid hooks, 13–15 µm long, and conical armed cirrus, 20–22 µm long. Another cestode species, Wardium (s. l.) sp., is identified to the generic level only. It differs from all the species of the genus in the size and armament of the cirrus; however, no scolex was present in the material studied.
Приведены описания 4 видов гименолепидоидных цестод от луговой тиркушки юга Украины: Glareolepis poralae (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et Greben, sp. n.; Wardium (s. l.) sp.; Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983. Детально описана морфология G. poralae. Установлено, что в гермафродитных члениках у G. poralae семенники отсутствуют, а структуры, описанные в литературе как семенники в гермафродитных члениках — это лопасти яичника. Описан новый вид цестод Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. с аплопараксоидными крючьями 13–15 мкм длиной и конусовидным вооруженным циррусом 20–22 мкм длиной. Еще один вид цестод Wardium (s. l.) sp. из-за отсутствия сколекса определен только до рода. Он отличается от всех известных видов этого рода размерами и вооружением цирруса.
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UDC 595.121:598.243(477)
HYMENOLEPIDOID CESTODES (CYCLOPHYLLIDAE,
HYMENOLEPIDOIDAE) OF PRATINCOLE (GLAREOLA
PRATINCOLA) FROM THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE
V. V. Kornyushin, O. B. Greben
Schmalhauzen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine,
Chmielnicky str., 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
Received 1 July 2010
Accepted 18 October 2010
Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from
the South of Ukraine. Kornyushin V. V., Greben O. B. — Four hymenolepidoid cestode species
Glareolepis porale (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et
Greben, sp. n.; Wardium (s. l.) sp. n.; and Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin,
1983 from pratincole from the Southern Ukraine are discribed. The morphology of G. porale is
described in details. An interesting new observation is that testes are lacking in female proglottides of
G. porale; the structures described in literature as testes in hermaphroditic proglottides are, in fact,
ovarian lobes. The new cestode species Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. is described. It is characterised
by aploparaksoid hooks, 13–15 µm long, and conical armed cirrus, 20–22 µm long. Another cestode
species, Wardium (s. l.) sp., is identified to the generic level only. It differs from all the species of the
genus in the size and armament of the cirrus; however, no scolex was present in the material studied.
Ke y wo r d s: Glareola pratincola, Glareolepis porale, Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n, Echinocotyloides
longirostris, Ukraine.
Ãèìåíîëåïèäîèäíûå öåñòîäû (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) ëóãîâîé òèðêóøêè (Glareola
pratincola) þãà Óêðàèíû. Êîðíþøèí Â. Â., Ãðåáåíü Î. Á. — Ïðèâåäåíû îïèñàíèÿ 4 âèäîâ
ãèìåíîëåïèäîèäíûõ öåñòîä îò ëóãîâîé òèðêóøêè þãà Óêðàèíû: Glareolepis poralae (Meggitt,
1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et Greben, sp. n.; Wardium (s. l.) sp.;
Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983. Äåòàëüíî îïèñàíà ìîðôîëîãèÿ
G. poralae. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî â ãåðìàôðîäèòíûõ ÷ëåíèêàõ ó G. poralae ñåìåííèêè îòñóòñòâóþò, à
ñòðóêòóðû, îïèñàííûå â ëèòåðàòóðå êàê ñåìåííèêè â ãåðìàôðîäèòíûõ ÷ëåíèêàõ — ýòî ëîïàñòè
ÿè÷íèêà. Îïèñàí íîâûé âèä öåñòîä Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. ñ àïëîïàðàêñîèäíûìè
êðþ÷üÿìè 13–15 ìêì äëèíîé è êîíóñîâèäíûì âîîðóæåííûì öèððóñîì 20–22 ìêì äëèíîé. Åùå
îäèí âèä öåñòîä Wardium (s. l.) sp. èç-çà îòñóòñòâèÿ ñêîëåêñà îïðåäåëåí òîëüêî äî ðîäà. Îí
îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò âñåõ èçâåñòíûõ âèäîâ ýòîãî ðîäà ðàçìåðàìè è âîîðóæåíèåì öèððóñà.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: Glareola pratincola, Glareolepis poralae, Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n,
Echinocotyloides longirostris, Óêðàèíà.
Introduction
In Ukraine, 14 helminth species have been recorded from Glareola pratincola L. Four of them are
cyclophillidean cestodes, i. e. Dictymetra nymphaea (Schrank, 1790) Spasskaja et Spassky, 1977 (family
Dilepididae Railliet et Henry, 1909); Glareolepis porale (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium himantopodis
(Krabbe, 1869) Spassky et Spasskaja, 1954 (family Aploparaksidae Mayhew, 1925) and Echinocotyloides
longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983 (family Echinocotylidae Ariola, 1899) (Smogorzhevskaya et
al., 1988). The latter three species are cestodes of the superfamily Hymenolepidoidea, with only G. porale
considered as a specific pratincole parasite. During the revision of cestode specimens from pratincole stored
in the helminthological collection of the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, two
previously recorded species, G. porale and E. longirostris, were redescribed. The specimens previously
identified as W. himantopodis (see Smogorzhevskaya et al., 1988) were found to belong to the new species
Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. Furthermore, the material contained strobilar fragments of another cestode
Vestnik zoologii, 44(6): 495–507, 2010
species, which morphologically may be attributed to the genus Wardium (s. l.) but does not correspond to
the description of any known species in this group. In the absence of scolex, we refrain from describing a
new species and mention it herein as Wardium (s. l.) sp.
In this paper, we adopt the broad concept for the genus Wardium Mayhew, 1925 as proposed by
Bondarenko and Kontrimavichus (2006). However, we believe that further studies are needed due to the
heterogeneous character of Wardium (s. l.) In our opinion, Wardium porale significantly differs from all the
other species in this group and this is a reliable basis for validation of the genus Glareolepis Spassky, 1967.
Its amended generic diagnosis is also given below.
Cestodes from pratincole deposited in the collection of the Department of Parasitology of the Institute
of Zoology, Kyiv, were used for the present study. In general, the collection included material from 16 birds
examined in 1964–1965 at Potiivka Plot of the Black Sea National Biosphere Reserve and in 1967–1969 on
Bokal Spit in Crimea. Worms were stained with hematoxylin, lactocarmine, iron acetocarmine and embedded
in Canada balsam. To study scolex armament and cirrus armament, cestodes were cleared in Berlese’s
medium.
All measurements in the descriptions are given in micrometres unless otherwise indicated.
Below we give the descriptions of the cestode species studied.
Superfamily HYMENOLEPIDOIDEA
Family APLOPARAKSIDAE
Glareolepis porale (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967
Syn.: Hymenolepis porale Meggitt, 1927; Sphenacanthus porale (Meggitt, 1927) Lopez-Neyra, 1942;
Hymenolepis (H.) porale (Meggitt, 1927) Deblock, 1964; Wardium porale (Meggitt, 1927) Gvozdev, 1964;
Dicranotaenia porale (Meggitt, 1927) Schmidt, 1986.
Ho s t. Glareola pratincola L.
P r e v a l e n c e. In 4 out of 16 examined birds, i. e. 25%.
I n t e n s i t y o f i n f e c t i o n. 1–7 specimens.
Lo c a l i t y. Potiivka Plot of the Black Sea National Biosphere Reserve (Kherson
Oblast), Bokal Spit of Karkinytsky Bay (Crimea).
Morphology (fig. 1, 2). Length of cestodes with uterine segments up to 168 mm,
maximum width up to 4 mm. Scolex oval, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally, 220–360
in diameter. Suckers rounded, 90–120 in diameter. Rostellum oval or mushroom-
shaped, 70–115 long and 55–90 in maximum diameter, armed with 10 hooks close to
aploparaksoid in shape. Hooks 23–25 long, with base 18 long; handle 3.0–3.8 long;
blade 13–15 long. Guard flattened in plane of proboscis surface, its length 10. Rostellar
pouch sac-like, with weak muscles, 160–190 x 80–100 in size.
Scolex not always clearly separated from strobila. Neck 150–260 wide. Both exter-
nal and internal strobilation beginning just posterior to neck. Numerous longitudinal
muscular bundles present. Genital pores unilateral. Longitudinal excretory canals con-
nected by transverse anastomoses. Male and female genital glands transposed porally in
relation to longitudinal axis of proglottis.
Strobilar development characterised by well-expressed protandry. Primordia of
testes appear in 55th–56th segments (680 wide); mature testes distinct in 112th–113th
segments (1100 wide); testes disappear in 239th–244th segments (1610 wide).
Primordium of cirrus sac appears in 102nd–104th segments (1030 wide). In 134th seg-
ment (1270 wide), cirrus sac completely formed. Posterior to “male” part of strobila,
a group of segments containing non-developed gonads (approximately segments
240th–280th) present. Female genital primordia appear in 240th–244th segments. In
282nd–285th proglottides (2200 wide), fully formed ovary and vitellarium present.
Uterus distinct from 376th–378th segments (2760 wide). Ripe eggs present in
522nd–526th segments (reaching up to 3860 in width). Along the poral edge of proglot-
tides with female primordia, female proglottides and uterine proglottides, distinct glan-
dular fields present.
In the proglottids nearest to scolex, three testes formed and become mature. Testes
rounded (oval in some slides stained in lactocarmine), 35–125 in diameter, situated in
496 V. V. Kornyushin, O. B. Greben
obtuse triangle, sometimes in row occupying poral part of median field of segment.
Genital atrium at lateral margin of segment, forming spherical cavity with diameter of
40–45. At this stage, orifice of cirrus sac distinct, terminating into closed cavity. Later
on (130th–136th segments), with partial evagination of cirrus, atrial cavity opens out-
wards. In proglottids with evaginated cirrus, atrial wall often forming ring-shaped fold
497Hymenolepidoid Cestodes Of Pratincole (Glareola Pratincola)…
Fig. 1. Glareolepis porale: 1— scolices; 2 — rostellar hooks; 3 — cirrus and vagina; 4 — eggs. Scale bars: 1 —
100 µm; 2, 4 — 50 µm; 3 — 10 µm.
Ðèñ. 1. Glareolepis porale: 1 — ñêîëåêñû; 2 — õîáîòêîâûå êðþ÷üÿ; 3 — öèððóñ è âàãèíà; 4 — ÿéöà.
Ìàñøòàáíûå ëèíåéêè: 1 — 100 ìêì; 2, 4 — 50 ìêì; 3 — 10 ìêì.
resembling finger-like “processes” in front of and behind the base of cirrus, as described
by previous authors (Deblock, 1964; Maksimova, 1989).
Cirrus sac and external seminal vesicle formed later that testes. Cirrus sac cigar-
shaped, with dense muscular wall, relatively narrow, elongate. Normally, cirrus sac
straight, sometimes it can bend. Length of cirrus sac 500–720, its diameter 60–100; not
reaching middle of segment. Internal seminal vesicle with variable shape, can occupy
up to ? of cirrus sac. External seminal vesicle oval or pear-shaped, 150–300 x 60–160
in size, overlapping antiporal part of cirrus sac. In proglottides with female primordia,
498 V. V. Kornyushin, O. B. Greben
Fig. 2. Glareolepis porale: 1 — male proglottid; 2 — proglottid with female primordium; 3 — proglottid with
female gonade only; 4 — female proglottid. Scale bars: 1 — 500 µm; 2–4 — 1000 µm.
Ðèñ. 2. Glareolepis porale: 1 — ìóæñêîé ÷ëåíèê; 2 — ÷ëåíèê ñ æåíñêèì çà÷àòêîì; 3 — æåíñêèé ÷ëåíèê;
4 — ìàòî÷íûé ÷ëåíèê. Ìàñøòàáíûå ëèíåéêè: 1 — 500 ìêì; 2–4 — 1000 ìêì.
external seminal vesicle situated aporally to cirrus sac or wrapping dorsally to it. In the
proglottids with female gonads, external seminal vesicle has often irregular shape. Cirrus
cylindrical, slightly tapering towards its distal end, densely covered with small spines.
Length of fully-evaginated cirrus 280–300, its diameter 30–40, up to 50 at basal part.
Distal extremity of fully-evaginated cirrus conical.
Primordia of female gonads initially distinct in proglottides with developed testes
as rounded granular masses, 80–100 in diameter, from which three-lobed ovary (rarely
with more lobes) and irregular vitellarium are further formed. Female gonads situated
closely to poral excretory vessels and not reaching aporal half of median field. In
proglottides with formed female gonads, testes are absent. Maximum width of ovary
580, vitellarium 200 wide. Copulative part of vagina funnel-shaped, 60–70 in diameter
and 30–40 in length, passing into narrow tube (5 in diameter) situated posterior to cir-
rus sac. Conductive portion of vagina may form arbitrary curves. Seminal receptacle
oval or elongate in some proglottides, 85–400 x 40–100 µm, situated posteriorly to cir-
rus sac or may overlap it.
Uterus starting its development as transverse strand in place of female gonads. With
filling with eggs and their maturation, uterus growing in width and becoming saccular,
entering lateral fields between ventral and dorsal osmoregulatory canals, thus filling
entire proglottis. Eggs fusiform, 100–110 x 20–25 in size. Hexacanth oval, 40–50 x
18–20. Embryonic hooks 10–13 long.
Rema r k s. This specific pratincole parasite was described as Hymenolepis porale
on the basis of strobilar fragments (without scoleces) from North-West Africa (Meggitt,
1927). The author gave a short description indicating the poral displacement of gonads
and the presence of 3 testes; that allowed placing this species within the genus
Hymenolepis. Deblock (1964) proposed a detailed description of the type material and
noted the presence of glandular complex consisting of four parts in the genital atrium.
Gvozdev (1964) also gave a detailed redescription of this species on the basis of new
materials; he found out the presence of 10 aploparaksoid rostellar hooks and placed this
species into the genus Wardium. In his description, Gvozdev (1964) mentioned the
poral displacement of the gonads but gave no record of 4-lobed glandular complex in
the atrium. Spassky (1967) erected the monotypic genus Glareolepis for W. ðorale; the
presence of glandular complex in the atrium and the poral displacement of gonads were
considered as differentiating characters (Spassky, 1967). Maksimova (1989) accepted
the validity of the genus Glareolepis and presented a detailed description based on spec-
imens collected from pratincoles from southern Kazakhstan, indicating the presence of
an atrial body of sclerotic structure (Maksimova, 1989). Kornyushin (1993) also recog-
nised Glareolepis as a valid genus (Kornyushin, 1993).
S. K. Bondarenko and V. L. Kontrimavichus (2006), in their monograph on the
cestode family Aploparaksidae, considered the genus Glareolepis as a synonym of
Wardium. In their opinion, the special atrial structure is actually only folds of the large
genital atrium and the poral displacement of gonads is not sufficient to justify the erec-
tion of a distinct genus.
Analysing the description and illustrations of this species in the papers of previous
authors (Deblock, 1964; Gvozdev, 1964; Maksimova, 1989), we believe that they con-
tain misinterpretations relative to the presence of testes in female proglottides. Their
drawings show hermaphrodite segments with testes in front of female gonads. In our
opinion, the structures interpreted as testes by the above-mentioned authors are the
three lobes of the ovary; the aggregation of the “female glands” in their concept is actu-
ally the irregular vitellarium. According to our observations, testes are present in male
segments only and disappear before the differentiation of the female primordum into
ovary and vitellarium. This feature, along with the poral location of both male and
female gonads, the peculiar shape of the ovary (the presence of 3 lobes fairly well sep-
499Hymenolepidoid Cestodes Of Pratincole (Glareola Pratincola)…
arated from each other), the peculiar structure of the cirrus sac, cirrus and atrium as
well as the spindle-shaped eggs seem to be sufficient to justify the validation of the
genus Glareolepis.
We would like to specify only that more research is desirable to study the life
cycles, because the genus Wardium (s. l.) has other species with pronounced protandry.
D i a gno s i s o f t h e g e nu s G l a r e o l e p i s Spa s s k y , 1 9 6 7: Massive strobi-
la consisting of transversely-elongate proglottides. Scolex relatively small, oval, some-
times round, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally. Suckers transversely oval, muscular.
Rostellum armed with 10 hooks with shape similar to aploparaksoid. The hook guard
bifurcated and flattened in the plane of rostellum. Strobila expanding immediately after
scolex, its anterior portion wedge-shaped. Well-expressed protandry in strobilar devel-
opment. Three testes formed, maturate and disappear before ovary and vitellarium start
their differentiation. Female primordia oval in proglottides with mature testes.
Intermediate part of strobila characterised by the lack of testes and the presence of
undifferentiated female primordia only. Genital atrium simple, shallow. In poral mar-
gin of segment, glandular field present, situated anterior and posterior to genital atri-
um. Gonads occupying poral part of median field of segment; aporal testis and female
gonads not extending in antiporal direction beyond median line of proglottis. Ovary
with three (rarely more) clearly distinct spherical lobes. Uterus saccular, extending
across segment, forming shallow sacculations, entering lateral fields. Eggs fusiform, hex-
acanth oval or lemon-shaped. Type and only species: Glareolepis porale (Meggitt, 1927)
Spassky, 1967.
Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et Greben, sp. n.
Type host. Glareola pratincola L.
Type locality. Crimea, Bokal Spit, Karkinytsky Bay (45°77’ N; 33°17’ E).
Typ e ma t e r i a l. Holotype, CH 32.1, slide no. 651–12, 06/06/1969. Paratypes: CP 32.1–32.3, slides
nos. 651–12 b-d (3 specimens); CP 32.4, slides nos. 81–1 e, 11/07/1967 (1 specimen); CP 34.5–34.10, slides
nos. 85–2 f-g, 11/07/1967 (2 specimens), no. 87–3 h-m, 11/07/1967 (6 specimens).
P r e v a l e n c e. in 4 out of 16 birds examined, i. e. 25%.
I n t e n s i t y o f i n f e c t i o n. 1–7 specimens.
E t ymo l o g y. The species name reflects the type locality of the new species
(Crimean Peninsula).
De s c r i p t i o n (fig. 3–5; measurements of paratypes given in parentheses). Total
length of cestode terminating with segments with testes about 4 mm, length of speci-
mens with uterine segments up to 32 mm. Maximum width 3.5 mm (paratype). Strobila
ribbon-like, gracile, with weak muscles. Diameter of conical scolex at level of suckers
130 (120–160). Suckers oval, cup-shaped, 55–65 x 45–48 (55–85 x 55–63). Length
of proboscis depends on evagination rate, 123 (93–123). Rostellum small, 41 (26–40)
long and 30 (25–35) in diameter at level of hooks. Holotype with 9 aploparaksoid
hooks (one hook lost, remaining specimens possessing 10 hooks). Length of hooks
13–15, length of base 10 (10–11), handle 4 (2–4) long, guard 8 (8–10) long, blade
10 (8–10) long. Rostellum pouch sac-like, normally flask shape, 110 x 43 (60–90 x
38–45), extending beyond posterior margin of suckers. Scolex clearly outlined from
neck. Neck up to 48 (45–85) wide. Internal and external segmentation begin simulta-
neously at 550 (240–520) from scolex. Excretory canals narrow; transverse anastomoses
5 in diameter, distinct in some proglottides only. Genital pores unilateral. Strobilar
development protandrous.
Testes three, rounded, 10–23 (13–20) in diameter, arranged in transverse row;
present in young proglottides only, starting from the 182nd–183rd proglottides (140
wide) till 240th–244th (160 wide). Starting from the 72nd (70–145) proglottis, cirrus
500 V. V. Kornyushin, O. B. Greben
501Hymenolepidoid Cestodes Of Pratincole (Glareola Pratincola)…
Fig. 3. Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n., holotype: 1 — scolex; 2 — rostellar hooks; 3 — male proglottids; 4 —
proglottids with cirrus-sac only. Scale bars: 1 — 50 µm; 2 — 10 µm; 3, 4 — 100 µm.
Ðèñ. 3. Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n., ãîëîòèï: 1 — ñêîëåêñ; 2 — õîáîòêîâûå êðþ÷üÿ; 3 — ìóæñêèå
÷ëåíèêè; 4 — ÷ëåíèêè ñ áóðñîé öèððóñà. Ìàñøòàáíûå ëèíåéêè: 1 — 50 ìêì; 2 — 10 ìêì; 3, 4 — 100 ìêì.
sac, external seminal vesicle and (sometimes) seminal receptacle are distinct. With
development of cirrus sac and seminal vesicle, testes gradually shift to aporal canals and
then disappear totally. Cirrus sac long and narrow, crossing midline and sometimes
reaching aporal osmoregulatory canals in young proglottides. With further development
of proglottides, cirrus sac becoming relatively shorter, reaching only midline in proglot-
tides with developing uterus, not reaching midline or even not crossing poral osmoreg-
502 V. V. Kornyushin, O. B. Greben
Fig. 4. Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. Paratype: 1 — cirrus and vagina; 2 — rostellar hooks; 3 — eggs; 4 —
male proglottids. Scale bars: 1, 3, 4 — 50 µm; 2 — 20 µm.
Ðèñ. 4. Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. ïàðàòèï: 1 — öèððóñ è âàãèíà; 2 — êðþ÷üÿ; 3 — ÿéöà; 4 —
ìóæñêèå ÷ëåíèêè. Ìàñøòàáíûå ëèíåéêè: 1, 3, 4 — 50 ìêì; 2 — 20 ìêì.
ulatory canals. Cirrus sac 68–88•15–18 (88–120•13–18). Almost entire cirrus sac
occupied by internal seminal vesicle with size 63–68•15–18 (52–85 x 10–45).
External seminal vesicle round or oval, 30 x 25 (30–70 x 22–50), formed together with
cirrus sac and situated at its antiporal end; in young proglottides, external seminal vesi-
503Hymenolepidoid Cestodes Of Pratincole (Glareola Pratincola)…
Fig. 5. Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. Paratype: 1 — proglottids with cirrus-sac only; 2 — proglottids with
female gonade only; 3 — female proglottids. Scale bars: 1 — 500 µm; 2, 3 — 100 µm.
Ðèñ. 5. Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. ïàðàòèï: 1 — ÷ëåíèêè ñ áóðñîé öèððóñà; 2 — æåíñêèå ÷ëåíèêè;
3 — ìàòî÷íûå ÷ëåíèêè. Ìàñøòàáíûå ëèíåéêè: 1 — 500 ìêì; 2, 3 — 100 ìêì.
cle adjacent to aporal canals; with further development, external seminal vesicle shift-
ing in poral direction and situated at antiporal portion of cirrus sac. Cirrus minute, up
to 20–22 long, conical (incompletely evaginated), covered with small spines situated in
diagonal rows, with 5–6 spines per row. Diameter of cirrus base about 4 µm; base fol-
lowed by unarmed portion, 5 long, and then by armed part, 6 in diameter and 5–6
long. Distal part of cirrus 10–11 long, conically narrowing to 2 at distal end. When cir-
rus invaginated, spines not clearly seen. Genital atrium simple, funnel-shaped or tubu-
lar, 9–10 deep.
Female genital glands starting their development as round primordium in middle
of proglottis in segments with developed cirrus sac and external seminal vesicle, i. e. in
692nd–694th segments (215 wide). Small intermediate portion of strobila consisting of
segments without developed gonads. In proglottides with width 410–430, ovary and
vitellarium fully formed. Ovary is lobed, with 3–5 distinct lobes, with maximum width
200. Vitellarium oval, 20–55 x 15–22, situated posteriorly to ovary, sometimes slightly
displaced aporally. Vagina as thin-walled tube with diameter 3–4, situated posteriorly
to cirrus sac. Seminal receptacle oval, measuring 35–55 x 20–30, formed simultane-
ously with cirrus sac and external seminal vesicle, prior to appearance of primordia of
female reproductive glands.
Saccular uterus formed on place of vitellarium, ovary and seminal receptacle; with
maturation of eggs, uterus growing across segment and extending beyond excretory
canals. In whole-mounted individuals, ripe eggs oval, measuring 33–38 x 25–30.
Embryonic hooks 13–15 long. Embryophore smooth.
D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g no s i s. By the length of rostellar hooks, the new species
resembles several species parasitic in charadriiform hosts: Wardium cervotestis (Ahern et
Schmidt, 1976) Bondarenko, 1999 (hook length 16), Wardium collariella (Coil, 1956)
Bondarenko et Kontrimavichus, 2006 (hook length 15–16 µm), Wardium paraclavicir-
rus Oschmarin, 1963 (hook length 16), Wardium recurvirostrae (Krabbe, 1869) Spassky
et Spasskaja, 1954 (hook length 14–15) and Wardium tinamoui (Olsen, 1970)
Bondarenko et Kontrimavichus, 2006 (hook length 16.6). In W. cervotestis, the cirrus
sac and the cirrus are similar in length but the spindle-shaped cirrus and the nature of
its armament as well as the orientation of oncosphere along the major axis of the
embryophore distinguish this species from that described herein. From the other above-
mentioned species, Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. differs in length, shape and arma-
ment of cirrus, cirrus-sac size (in all these species, cirrus sac is much larger than that
in the present species) and the shape of the ovary (transversely elongated in the other
species).
Moreover, the handle of the rostellar hooks in Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. is
longer than that in W. cervotestis and W. paraclavicirrus whereas it is not expressed in
W. collariella and W. tinamoui. Hook shape in W. recurvirostrae is the closest one to
the hooks of the present species but cestodes have a larger strobila and a different shape
and size of the cirrus.
This species was previously identified as Wardium himantopodis (Krabbe, 1869)
Spassky et Spasskaja, 1954 (Smogorzhevskaya et al, 1988). However, the revision of this
material showed that Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. is clearly differentiated from
W. himantopodis in the size of rostellar hooks, which is shorter than 8–10 in the latter,
the size of the cirrus sac, which is larger in W. himantopodis, and the length of cirrus.
The cirrus of W. himantopodis is 35–40 x 6–10.
In addition, it should be mentioned that none of the species of the genus Wardium
has been registered in pratincoles till now.
Wardium (s. l.) sp.
In one pratincole collected on Bokal Spit, along with Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp.
n., fragments of another cestode species were found. Their identification to the species
504 V. V. Kornyushin, O. B. Greben
level was impossible. The structure of proglottides, i. e. the presence of 3 testes, unilat-
eral genital pores, details of formation of gonads, cirrus shape and armament, allows us
to place these cestodes tentatively to the genus Wardium (s. l.). However, these frag-
ments of cestodes cannot be attributed to any of the known species of this genus. The
absence of a scolex render impossible the description of a new species.
Mo rpho l o g y (fig. 6). Length of immature specimen without scolex about 30
mm, maximum width of segments with female gonads 0.58 mm. Genital pores unilat-
eral, open in mid-lateral margin of segment. Protandry expressed. Male gonads appear
first, their primordium oblong. Testes situated in row filling all space between excreto-
ry canals; oval, measuring 25–60 x 23–40. Cirrus sac formed later than testes; cigar-
shaped in developed male proglottids, extending beyond midline of proglottis but not
reaching aporal excretory canals, measuring 120–215 x 20–45. Internal seminal vesicle
occupying almost entire cirrus sac. External seminal vesicle oval, formed as testes dis-
appear, sometimes overlapping antiporal part of cirrus sac, measuring 50–160 x 35–70.
Fully evaginated cirrus lacking in the studied material. Length of partially evaginated
505Hymenolepidoid Cestodes Of Pratincole (Glareola Pratincola)…
Fig. 6. Wardium (s. l.) sp.: 1 — male proglottids; 2 — cirrus; 3 — proglottids with female gonade only; 4 —
invaginated cirrus. Scale bars: 1, 3 — 100 µm; 2, 4 — 50 µm.
Ðèñ. 6. Wardium (s. l.) sp.: 1 — ìóæñêèå ÷ëåíèêè; 2 — öèððóñ; 3 — æåíñêèå ÷ëåíèêè; 4 —
èíâàãèíèðîâàííûé öèððóñ. Ìàñøòàáíûå ëèíåéêè: 1, 3 — 100 ìêì; 2, 4 — 50 ìêì.
cirrus 35, with broad basal unarmed part (13 in diameter), then narrowing to 8 and fur-
ther passing into expanded part with diameter of 13 and 13 long; latter part armed with
large (5 long) spines, situated in diagonal row, 4 hooks per row. Distal part of cirrus
tapering as pipette tip, narrow, 3 in diameter, probably unarmed. In withdrawn posi-
tion, cirrus resembles rosette of spines with diameter of 10 (poorly visible in stained
individials). Genital atrium simple, funnel-shaped or tubular, with variable depth,
20–75.
Female gonads appear as oval primordium after disappearance of testes. Ovary
forming 3–4 lobes; its maximum width 110. Vitellarium round or oval, measuring
33–45 x 25–30, posterior to anatomic centre of ovary. Vagina opening into genital atri-
um posterior to orifice of cirrus sac; copulative part funnel-shaped, with diameter
15 µm; conducting part of vagina as narrow tube with diameter of 2.5. No gravid seg-
ments were present in studied material.
Family ECHINOCOTYLIDAE
Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983
Syn.: Taenia longirostris Rudolphi, 1819; Echinocotyle longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1967.
Ho s t. Glareola pratincola.
P r e v a l e n c e. In 2 out of 16 birds studied, i. e. 12.5%.
I n t e n s i t y o f i n f e c t i o n. 1–19 specimens.
Lo c a l i t i e s. Crimea, Bokal Spit; the Black Sea National Reserve, Potiivka Plot.
Morphology (fig. 7). Immature specimens about 1.5 mm long. Scolex oval, 90–140
in diameter and 200–230 long. Suckers oval, measuring 85–90 x 50–55, armed with
small hooks; armament along anterior
margins of suckers consisting of single
hooks or hooks arranged in pairs; lateral
sucker margins armed with numerous
transverse rows of hooks, with 3–4 hooks
per transverse row. On bottom surface of
suckers, 4–6 randomly situated hooks. In
posterior direction, sucker armament
interrupted. Rostellar sheath long,
extending beyond posterior margin of
suckers, measuring 100–160 x 45–70.
Rostellum measuring 95–100 x 30–40.
Rostellum armed with 10 nitidoid hooks,
35–38 long. Neck 150 long. Internal and
external strobilation begin simultaneously.
In proglottides, developing gonads dis-
tinct. Most developed specimens consist-
ing of 17 segments.
The details of the structure of speci-
mens of E. longirostris from pratincole
correspond to morphology of this cestode
recorded from other charadriiform host
(Deblock, 1964; Kornyushin, 1967).
Rema r k s. This species was descri-
bed from pratincole in Europe (Skriabin,
Matevossian, 1945). Today it is registered
in many plovers and sand-pipers. In Poti-
ivka Plot of the Black Sea reserve, it was
506 V. V. Kornyushin, O. B. Greben
Fig. 7. Echinocotyloides longirostris: scolex. Scale bar
100 µm.
Ðèñ. 7. Echinocotyloides longirostris: ñêîëåêñ Ìàñ-
øòàáíàÿ ëèíåéêà 100 ìêì.
found in Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrius L.), ruff (Philomachus pugnax L.), lit-
tle stint (Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812)); in Bokal Spit, it was recorded also from avo-
cet (Recurvirostra avocetta L.) (Kornyushin, 1967; Smogorzhevskaya et al., 1988).
In conclusion, the fauna of the hymenolepidoid cestodes of pratincole in Ukraine
is represented by 4 species. Two of them, G. porale and Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n.,
are specific pratincole parasites. E. longirostris is a common parasite of charadriiform
birds. Another cestode, Wardium (s. l.) sp., is identified to the generic level only. The
previous record of Wardium himantopodis from pratincole (Smogorzhevskaya et al.,
1988) is now considered as a misidentification and is actually related to Wardium (s. l.)
tauricum sp. n.
This work is part of the joint project in the frames of the cooperation programme between the Ministry
of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Lithuania (nos
M/182–2009 and 31V–157).
Bondarenko S. K., Kontrimavichus V. L. Aploparaksidae of wild and domesticated birds. — Moscow : Nauka,
2006. — 446 p. — (Principles of Cestodology ; Vol. 14). — Russian : Áîíäàðåíêî Ñ. Ê.,
Êîíòðèìàâè÷óñ Â. Ë. Àïëîïàðàêñèäû äèêèõ è äîìàøíèõ ïòèö.
Deblock S. Les Hymenolepis de Charadriiformes (Seconde note à propos d’une vingtaine d’autres descriptions
dont deux nouvelles) // Ann. parasitol. hum et comp. — 1964. — 39, N 6. — P. 695–754.
Gvozdev E. V. Tapeworms of game birds of southern Kazakhstan. // Proc. of Institute of Zoology KazSSR. —
1964. — 22. — P. 74–109. — Russian : Ãâîçäåâ Å. Â. Ëåíòî÷íûå ÷åðâè îõîòíè÷üå-ïðîìûñëîâûõ
ïòèö Þæíîãî Êàçàõñòàíà // Òð. Èí-òà çîîëîãèè ÀÍ ÊàçÑÑÐ.
Kornyushin V. Cestodes of waterfowl and wading birds of North-Western Black Sea Region : Dis. ... cand.
biol. science. — Kyiv, 1967. — 255 p. — Russian : Êîðíþøèí Â. Â. Öåñòîäû âîäîïëàâàþùèõ è
áîëîòíûõ ïòèö Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîãî Ïðè÷åðíîìîðüÿ : Äèñ. ... êàíä. áèîë. íàóê.
Kornyushin V. Genus Wardium Mayhew, 1927, its range, species composition and place in the system of
Hymenolepidoid cestodes // XI Conf. Ukr. Soc. of Parasitologists : Abstracts. Proceedings. — Kyiv,
1993. — P. 67–68. — Russian : Êîðíþøèí Â. Â. Ðîä Wardium Mayhew, 1927, åãî îáúåì, âèäîâîé
ñîñòàâ è ìåñòî â ñèñòåìå ãèìåíîëåïèäîèäíûõ öåñòîä // XI êîíô. Óêð. îá-âà ïàðàçèòîëîãîâ :
Òåç. äîêë.
Maksimova A. P. Hymenolepidoid cestodes of aquatic birds from Kazakhstan // Institute of Zoology
KazSSR. — Alma-Ata, 1989. — 224 p. — Russian : Ìàêñèìîâà À. Ï. Öåñòîäû — ãèìåíîëåïèäèäû
âîäíûõ ïòèö Êàçàõñòàíà // Èí-ò çîîëîãèè ÀÍ ÊàçÑÑÐ.
Meggitt F. J. Report on a collection of Cestoda, mainly from Egypt. Pt 2. Cyclophyllidea: family
Hymenolepididae // J. Parasitol. — 1927. — 19. — P.420–450.
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1945. — 488 p. — Russian : Ñêðÿáèí Ê. È., Ìàòåâîñÿí Å. Ì. Ëåíòî÷íûå ãåëüìèíòû —
ãèìåíîëåïèäèäû äîìàøíèõ è îõîòíè÷üå-ïðîìûñëîâûõ ïòèö.
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ãåëüìèíòîâ â êîëîíèÿõ ðæàíêîîáðàçíûõ ïòèö // Êîëîíèàëüíûå ãèäðîôèëüíûå ïòèöû Þãà
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Èçâ. ÀÍ ÌÑÑÐ.
507Hymenolepidoid Cestodes Of Pratincole (Glareola Pratincola)…
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-65733 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:59:15Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Kornyushin, V.V. Greben, O.B. 2014-07-01T16:59:40Z 2014-07-01T16:59:40Z 2010 Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine / V.V. Kornyushin, O.B. Greben // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 6. — С. 495–507. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65733 595.121:598.243(477) Four hymenolepidoid cestode species Glareolepis porale (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et Greben, sp. n.; Wardium (s. l.) sp. n.; and Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983 from pratincole from the Southern Ukraine are discribed. The morphology of G. porale is described in details. An interesting new observation is that testes are lacking in female proglottides of G. porale; the structures described in literature as testes in hermaphroditic proglottides are, in fact, ovarian lobes. The new cestode species Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. is described. It is characterised by aploparaksoid hooks, 13–15 µm long, and conical armed cirrus, 20–22 µm long. Another cestode species, Wardium (s. l.) sp., is identified to the generic level only. It differs from all the species of the genus in the size and armament of the cirrus; however, no scolex was present in the material studied. Приведены описания 4 видов гименолепидоидных цестод от луговой тиркушки юга Украины: Glareolepis poralae (Meggitt, 1927) Spassky, 1967; Wardium (s. l.) tauricum Kornyushin et Greben, sp. n.; Wardium (s. l.) sp.; Echinocotyloides longirostris (Rudolphi, 1819) Kornyushin, 1983. Детально описана морфология G. poralae. Установлено, что в гермафродитных члениках у G. poralae семенники отсутствуют, а структуры, описанные в литературе как семенники в гермафродитных члениках — это лопасти яичника. Описан новый вид цестод Wardium (s. l.) tauricum sp. n. с аплопараксоидными крючьями 13–15 мкм длиной и конусовидным вооруженным циррусом 20–22 мкм длиной. Еще один вид цестод Wardium (s. l.) sp. из-за отсутствия сколекса определен только до рода. Он отличается от всех известных видов этого рода размерами и вооружением цирруса. This work is part of the joint project in the frames of the cooperation programme between the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Lithuania (nos M/182–2009 and 31V–157). en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Фауна и систематика Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine Гименолепидоидные цестоды (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) луговой тиркушки (Glareola pratincola) юга Украины Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine Kornyushin, V.V. Greben, O.B. Фауна и систематика |
| title | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine |
| title_alt | Гименолепидоидные цестоды (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) луговой тиркушки (Glareola pratincola) юга Украины |
| title_full | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine |
| title_fullStr | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine |
| title_short | Hymenolepidoid Cestodes (Cyclophyllidae, Hymenolepidoidae) of Pratincole (Glareola pratincola) from the South of Ukraine |
| title_sort | hymenolepidoid cestodes (cyclophyllidae, hymenolepidoidae) of pratincole (glareola pratincola) from the south of ukraine |
| topic | Фауна и систематика |
| topic_facet | Фауна и систематика |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65733 |
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