Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus
Morphological variability in cystacanths and adults of P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966, type material of P. (P.) gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953 and P. (P.) gracilis Petrochenko, 1958 were studied. Data on intermediate hosts, definitive hosts and distribution of some spe...
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| Цитувати: | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus / O.I. Lisitsyna // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 6. — С. 533–542. — Бібліогр.: 38 назв. — англ. |
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| citation_txt | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus / O.I. Lisitsyna // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 6. — С. 533–542. — Бібліогр.: 38 назв. — англ. |
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| description | Morphological variability in cystacanths and adults of P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966, type material of P. (P.) gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953 and P. (P.) gracilis Petrochenko, 1958 were studied. Data on intermediate hosts, definitive hosts and distribution of some species from the subgenus Prosthorhynchus were summarized. The taxonomy of the subgenus is discussed and names P. (P.) formosus Van Cleave, 1918, P. (P.) genitopapillatus Lundstro#m, 1942, P. (P.) transversus Rudolphi, 1819, P. (P.) gallinagi and P. (P.) gracilis are placed as synonyms of P. (P.) cylindraceus.
Изучена морфологическая изменчивость цистакантов и взрослых форм P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966, типовой материал P. (P.) gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953 и P. (P.) gracilis Petrochenko, 1958, обобщены данные о промежуточных, дефинитивных хозяевах и распространении ряда видов подрода Prosthorhynchus. Обсуждается таксономическая структура подрода. Подтверждена инвалидность названий P. (P.) formosus Van Cleave, 1918, P. (P.) genitopapillatus Lundstrom, 1942, P. (P.) transversus Rudolphi, 1819. Предлагается рассматривать P. (P.) gallinagi и P. (P.) gracilis синонимами P. (P.) cylindraceus.
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UDC 595.133
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF PLAGIORHYNCHUS
(PROSTHORHYNCHUS) CYLINDRACEUS (ACANTHOCEPHALA,
PLAGIORHYNCHIDAE) AND ITS IMPORTANCE
IN ASSESSMENT OF TAXONOMY STRUCTURE
OF THE SUBGENUS
O. I. Lisitsyna
Schmalhauzen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine,
B. Chmielnicky str., 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
Å-mail: olisitsyna@izan.kiev.ua
Received 4 May 2010
Accepted 21 September 2010
Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala,
Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus. Lisitsyna O. I. —
Morphological variability in cystacanths and adults of P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt et Kuntz,
1966, type material of P. (P.) gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953 and P. (P.) gracilis Petrochenko, 1958
were studied. Data on intermediate hosts, definitive hosts and distribution of some species from the subgenus
Prosthorhynchus were summarized. The taxonomy of the subgenus is discussed and names P. (P.) formosus
Van Cleave, 1918, P. (P.) genitopapillatus Lundstro�m, 1942, P. (P.) transversus Rudolphi, 1819,
P. (P.) gallinagi and P. (P.) gracilis are placed as synonyms of P. (P.) cylindraceus.
Key wo r d s: Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae, Prosthorhynchus, taxonomy.
Ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêàÿ èçìåí÷èâîñòü Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala,
Plagiorhynchidae) è åå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ îöåíêè òàêñîíîìè÷åñêîé ñòðóêòóðû ïîäðîäà. Lisitsyna O. I. —
Èçó÷åíà ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêàÿ èçìåí÷èâîñòü öèñòàêàíòîâ è âçðîñëûõ ôîðì P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze,
1782) Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966, òèïîâîé ìàòåðèàë P. (P.) gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953 è
P. (P.) gracilis Petrochenko, 1958, îáîáùåíû äàííûå î ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ, äåôèíèòèâíûõ õîçÿåâàõ è
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè ðÿäà âèäîâ ïîäðîäà Prosthorhynchus. Îáñóæäàåòñÿ òàêñîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ñòðóêòóðà
ïîäðîäà. Ïîäòâåðæäåíà èíâàëèäíîñòü íàçâàíèé P. (P.) formosus Van Cleave, 1918,
P. (P.) genitopapillatus Lundstro�m, 1942, P. (P.) transversus Rudolphi, 1819. Ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ðàññìàòðèâàòü
P. (P.) gallinagi è P. (P.) gracilis ñèíîíèìàìè P. (P.) cylindraceus.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à : Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae, Prosthorhynchus, taxonomy.
Introduction
The genus Plagiorhynchus was rewiewed by Amin et al. (1999) and the status of the subgenus Prosthorhynchus
(Kostylev, 1915) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966 was confirmed and determined to comprise of 21 valid species. In
different survays of birds from Ukraine 7 species of this subgenus were reported: P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze,
1782) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966; P. (P.) formosus (Van Cleave, 1918) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966;
P. (P.) genitopapillatus (Lundstro�m, 1942) Golvan, 1956; P. (P.) gracilis (Petrochenko, 1958) Golvan, 1956;
P. (P.) longirostris (Travassos, 1927) Amin, 1985; P. (P.) rossicus (Kostylev, 1915) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966;
P. (P.) transversus (Rudolphi, 1819) Golvan, 1956 (Kostylev, 1915; Holodkovsky, Kostylev, 1916; Hritsenko,
1969; Smogorzhevskaja, Hritsenko, 1969; Livshits, 1970; Smogorzhevskaja, 1976; Sharpilo, 1976; Smogorzhevskaja
et al., 1978; Kornyushyn, Smogorzhevskaja et al., 1975; Kornyushyn, Iskova et al., 1980; Treshchev,
Shcherbateko, 1980; Lisitsyna, 2008). The validity of two of these species, P. (P.) cylindraceus and P. (P.) rossicus
is doubtless while P. (P.) longirostris was identified mistakenly (Lisitsyna, 2008). The status of remaining 4 species,
are morphologically close to the species P. (P.) cylindraceus and similar to each other, is problematic.
A high level of variability and wide specificity to definitive hosts were probably the main reasons for
describing up to 30 species in the subgenus Prosthorhynchus. Subsequent attempts to review the family
Vestnik zoologii, 44(6): 533–542, 2010
Plagiorhynchidae and the genus Plagiorhynchus (Golvan, 1956; Schmidt, Kuntz, 1966; Schmidt, 1981; Amin
et al., 1999) made since the middle of the XX century, resulted in a smaller number of species placed in the
subgenus Prosthorhynchus, and 14 names established as minor synonyms of Plagiorhynchus (P.) cylindraceus,
including P. (P.) formosus, P. (P.) genitopapillatus, P. (P.) transversus. Some researchers (Yamaguti, 1963;
Khokhlova, 1986) did not support such taxonomic changes due to insufficient grounds, and some species, in
particular P. (P.) gracilis and P. (P.) gallinagi (Schachtachtinskaja, 1953) Golvan, 1956, were not included in
the discussion. In this study the following techniques were used: 1) examination of individual morphological
variations of main diagnostic characters of both infective and mature forms; 2) examination of type material;
3) analysis of the available data on species biology and distribution.
Here we present results of the examination of six putative species of this subgenus: P. (P.) cylindraceus,
P. (P.) formosus, P. (P.) gallinagi, P. (P.) gracilis, P. (P.) genitopapillatus and P. (P.) transversus.
Material and methods
To study morphological variability of cystacanths of P. (P.) cylindraceus, the following experiments were
performed. In the intermediate hosts, cystacanths were experimentally grown from eggs of two mature females,
P. (P.) cylindraceus, 35 cystacanths from one female (experiment 1) and 104 cystacanths from the other
(experiment 2). Females were taken from the intestine of Sturnus vulgaris collected in the Mykolaiv Oblast (near
the Black Sea State Biosphere Reserve, in the Volyzhyn Forest area) on 25.06.1994. Aqueous suspensions of
eggs taken from each female were placed on rotten oak leaves and fed to Armadillidium vulgare, the isopod
intermediate host of P. (P.) cylindraceus, for 3.5 hours. Isopods were collected in a biotope where preliminary
examination of more than 2000 specimens had revealed no natural acanthocephalan infestations. In each
experiment, 60 isopods were infected and 60 uninfected isopods were kept as control. Since the period of
development from egg to cystacanth in P. (P.) cylindraceus is about 60 days (Schmidt, Olsen, 1964; Lisitsyna,
1993). The isopods were dissected 76–86 days after the day of infestation. The prevalence of infection in
experimentally infected isopods was 100% and intensity 3–18 spec., while control specimens appeared not to
be infected. Cystacanths were dipped into water where they spontaneously evaginated their rostellums.
Temporary mounts made in For-Berlese fluid to study the following characters: the number of rows of hooks,
number of hooks per row and length of the blade of the largest (6th) hook. These three characters were chosen
as obligatory for diagnostics of acanthocephalan species of the systematic group in question, and as the most
appropriate for comparison of cystacanths and adult acanthocephalans. The data obtained were processed
statistically: mean value (X), error of mean (m), standard deviation (S) and coefficient of variation (CV) were
calculated for each characted in cystacanths and adults.
Cystacanths and adults, were compared using the same three characters (number of rows of hooks, number
of hooks per row and length of blade of the largest hook) in 128 adult specimens of P. (P.) cylindraceus (61 {,
67 }) from the collection of the Department of Parasitology at IZAN (74 from Sturnus vulgaris, 44 from Turdus
merula, Kherson Oblast and Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine).
Type specimens of P. (P.) gracilis (Petrotschenko, 1958) (syntypes N 7467, 1 } from Vanellus vanellus;
N 7472, 1 } from Sturnus vulgaris; N 7440 a, b, 1 {, 1 } from Sturnus caucasicus), VIGIS Museum, Moscow
and P. (P.) gallinagi (Schachtachtinskaia, 1953) (syntype N 2849, 1 } from Gallinago gallinago L., 1758,
Azerbaijan; N 18651, 1 { from Turdus merula, Azerbaijan, VIGIS Museum, Moscow) were also studied.
To compare morphometric parameters of mature individuals P. (P.) gallinagi and P. (P.) gracilis with
adult individuals P. (P.) cylindraceus, 18 specimens (11 { and 7 }) from Sturnus vulgaris and 12 specimens
(7 { and 5 }) from Turdus merula, Kherson Oblast and Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine) were measured (in mm).
Results
Morphological variability of cystacanths P. (P.) cylindraceus experimentally grown
in the intermediate host. Experiment 1. Number of rows of hooks in parental female was
19, in brood 15–20 ({) and 14–21 (}); number of hooks per row 13, in brood 13–16
({, }); length of blade of the largest hook is 0.070 mm, in brood 0.060–0.078 ({) and
0.064–0.083 (}). Experiment 2. Number of rows of hooks in parental female was 16, in
brood 15–19 ({) and 15–21 (}); number of hooks per row 14–15 (in alternate rows),
in brood 13–16 ({) and 13–17 (}); length of blade of the largest hook is 0.075, in brood
0.060–0.077 ({) and 0.065–0.080 (}). The results of the statistical analysis are present-
ed in table 1 and figure 1. These data provide evidence of variability P. (P.) cylindraceus
in three selected characters. The coefficient of variation (CV) was from 4.2% to 9.9%.
Comparison of P. (P.) cylindraceus cystacanths and adults using the three selected
characters did not reveal any significant differences (table 1). The shorter blade of the
largest hook in cystacanths as compared to adult acanthocephalans may be explained by
the unnaturally high intensity of infection of intermediate hosts in the experiments that
534 O. I. Lisitsyna
may have affected the dimensions of the parasites, and that hooks can grow more dur-
ing the pubescent period in the definitive host (Podesta, Holmes, 1970; Tarashevski, 2000).
Investigation of the syntype (mature female P. (P.) gallinagi from the type host G. gal-
linago) and 1 male collected in the type locality from T. merula enabled us to add to the
species description. In particular, the length of the blades of the largest hooks varies from
0.072–0.080 and root length is 0.056–0.064; neck length is up to 0.19; length of pro-
boscis receptacle can reach 1.92.
The description of P. (P.) gracilis was also modified after investigation of syntypes:
three mature females from V. vanellus, S. vilgaris, S. caucasicus and one male from S. cau-
casicus. Particularly, the proboscis armature was observed to include 18–20 rows of 14–16
hooks, and the length of hook blades of the largest hooks was 0.078–0.084.
However, even using improved distinguishing characters for P. (P.) gallinagi and
P. (P.) gracilis do not give their reliable differentiation from P. (P.) cylindraceus (table 2).
Data on definitive and intermediate hosts and distribution of parasites from the group
in question are presented in table 3. For all of them, passerine birds, and sandpipers or,
rarely, representatives of other bird orders may serve as definitive hosts. However, these
acanthocephalans can become mature only in passerines and sandpipers. The interme-
diate hosts are, where known, terrestrial isopods. The geographic range of P. (P.) cylin-
draceus includes localities where acanthocephalans were found under five other names.
535Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) Cylindraceus ...
Òàáëèö à 1. Ìîðôîìåòðèÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî âûðàùåííûõ öèñòàêàíòîâ P. (P.) cylindraceus è âçðîñëûõ
ôîðì
Ta b l e 1. Morphometry of experimentally grown cystacanths P. (P.) cylindraceus and mature individuals
Cystacanths, experiment 1 35
Number of rows of hooks
{ 17 16 20 16.9 ± 0.28 1.17 6.92
} 18 14 21 17.3 ± 0.40 1.71 9.88
Number of hooks per row
{ 17 13 16 14.7 ± 0.197 0.81 5.51
} 18 13 16 14.5 ± 0.176 0.75 5.17
Length of blade of the 6th hook
{ 17 0.060 0.078 0.066 ± 0.0009 0.004 5.61
} 18 0.064 0.083 0.073 ± 0.001 0.005 6.16
Cystacanths, experiment 2 104
Number of longitudinal rows of hooks
{ 49 16 19 17.6 ± 0.195 1.37 7.78
} 55 15 21 18.1 ± 0.16 1.18 6.5
Number of hooks per row
{ 49 13 16 14.4 ± 0.099 0.69 4.72
} 55 13 17 14.3 ± 0.08 0.60 4.20
Length of blade of the 6th hook
{ 49 0.060 0.078 0.070 ± 0.0016 0.006 9.27
} 55 0.065 0.080 0.073 ± 0.0006 0.005 6.44
Mature individuals 128
Number of longitudinal rows of hooks
{ 61 15 21 17.0 ± 0.19 1.55 9.12
} 67 15 20 17.0 ± 0.21 1.68 9.87
Number of hooks per row
{ 61 12 17 14.5 ± 0.15 1.18 8.14
} 67 12 18 14.0 ± 0.14 1.17 8.36
Length of blade of the 6th hook
{ 61 0.060 0.089 0.076 ± 0.0067 0.0052 6.84
} 67 0.068 0.095 0.082 ± 0.00066 0.0054 6.56
Character n min max X ± m S CV (%)
536 O. I. Lisitsyna
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–
16
14
–
16
16 15
14
–
15
15
–
16
15
–
21
15
–
20
14
–
17
14
–
17
17
–
19
17
–
19
17
17
–
18
18
18
–
20
P
.(
P
.)
cy
lin
dr
ac
eu
s
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18
{
12
}
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.
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.)
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11
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12
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.)
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Discussion and conclusion
When Golvan (1956) performed his revision of the genus Prosthorhynchus Kostylev,
1915, he suggested that 8 names, including P. genitopapillatus and P. transversus, were
synonyms of P. cylindraceus. Later Schmidt and Kuntz (1966) revised the family
Plagiorhynchidae and placed the genus Prosthorhynchus as a subgenus within the genus
Plagiorhynchus Lu�he, 1911, at the same time describing three more species: P. (P.) taiva-
nensis, P. (P.) bulloki and P. (P.) golvani. Subsequently Schmidt (1981) synonymised
P. (P.) formosus Van Cleave, 1918 (comparing American material to European), and
P. (P.) taivanensis Schmidt, Kuntz, 1966 with P. (P.) cylindraceus. As we mentioned before,
such taxonomic changes were not supported by some researchers. Yamaguti (1963) and
Khokhlova (1986) considered P. (P.) formosus, P. (P.) genitopapillatus and P. (P.) transver-
sus as individual species. Golvan (1994) listed 27 species within the subgenus and includ-
ed P. (P.) gallinagi, P. (P.) genitopapillatus, P. (P.) gracilis, P. (P.) transversus as valid.
Dimitrova et al. (1999) described P. (P.) cylindraceus based on material from starlings
from Bulgaria, but placed P. (P.) genitopapillatus and P. (P.) transversus as synonyms of
P. (P.) cylindraceus. Amin et al. (1999) based their description of P. (P.) cylindraceus
on material from four species of sandpipers from the South Africa. These authors also
had a chance to examine specimens P. (P.) formosus, collected by Van Cleave (1918, 1942)
from the North America, who had described and did not find any significant differences
from P. (P.) cylindraceus. In their article they gave the key to species of the subgenus
Prosthorhynchus consisting of 21 species including P. (P.) genitopapillatus, P. (P.) gra-
cilis and P. (P.) gallinagi. These authors recognized P. (P.) genitopapillatus (using name
P. genitopapillosus) as valid and supported this by referring to the presence of prominent
papilla on the posterior end in females. However, Lundstro �m (1942) in his description
of P. (P.) genitopapillatus, noted prominences, looking like papillae, surrounding male’s
genital pore. We saw wrinkles in the area of male’s genital pore in many specimens belong-
ing to other species of the family Plagiorhynchidae, and we therefore do not consider these
formations to be stable characters. In 2008, two more species of the subgenus were described
from Vietnamese birds, P. (P.) digiticephalus Amin, Van Ha, Heckmann, 2008 from Porzana
fusca L., 1776 and P. (P.) megareceptacilis Amin, Van Ha, Heckmann, 2008 from
Gallinago gallinago and Myophonus coeruleus (Scopoli, 1786) (Amin et al., 2008). Both
537Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) Cylindraceus ...
P. (P.) cylindraceus Passerine, sand-
pipers, rarely ducks,
birds of prey
Isopoda: Oniscoidea Eurasia, North
America, Australia,
South Africa
Yamaguti, 1963;
Amin et al., 1999;
Smales, 2010;
Dimitrova, 2009
P. (P.) formosus Passerine Isopoda: Oniscoidea North America,
Eurasia
Yamaguti, 1963;
Sinitzin, 1929;
Schmidt, Olssen,
1964; Ikramov, 1992
P. (P.) gallinagi Sandpipers
and passerine
Unknown Caucasus Schachtachtinskaja,
1953; Vaidova, 1978
P. (P.) genitopapilla-
tus
Passerine,
rare sandpipers
Unknown Eurasia Petrochenko, 1958;
Yamaguti, 1963
P. (P.) gracilis Passerine,
sandpipers,
rarely ducks
Unknown Eurasia, Australia Petrochenko, 1958;
Yamaguti, 1963;
Khokhlova, 1986;
P. (P.) transversus Passerine Isopoda: Oniscoidea Eurasia Yamaguti, 1963;
Ikramov, 1992
T a b l e 3. Data on definitive, intermediate hosts and distribution of species in question from subgenus
Prosthorhynchus
Òàá ëèö à 3. Ñâåäåíèÿ îá îêîí÷àòåëüíûõ, ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ õîçÿåâàõ è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè îáñóæäàåìûõ
âèäîâ ïîäðîäà Prosthorhynchus
Species Definitive hosts Intermediate hosts Distribution Source
species differ from those discussed above in the terminal position of the genital pore in
males (subterminal P. (P.) cylindraceus) while P. (P.) digiticephalus also differs by con-
siderable number of hooks per each row (23–24 vs. 12–18 in P. (P.) cylindraceus). Smales
(2010) described another species of the subgenus, P. (P.) cossyphicola, parasitizing birds
in Africa. The species differs from other species of the subgenus by smaller proboscis size
(not longer than 0.78 mm) and by proboscis armature (16 rows of 12–13 hooks).
Our studies have demonstrated significant variability in P. (P.) cylindraceus in the
three main diagnostic characters used for identification of species in this subgenus (table 1,
fig. 1). At the same time, the range of values for these characters in experimentally grown
cystacanths includes values of these characters as described for the other five species (includ-
ing P. (P.) gallinagi and P. (P.) gracilis) analyzed in this study (fig. 2). These data can
serve as confirmation of the synonymy of P. (P.) formosus, P. (P.) genitopapillatus and
P. (P). transversus with P. (P.) cylindraceus as indicated by earlier researchers (Schmidt,
1981; Amin et al., 1999).
The species Prosthorhynchus gallinagi was originally described from material from snipe
from Azerbaijan (Schachtachtinskaja, 1953) and not differentiated from other species com-
mon in passerine birds. Later, in Azerbaijan, acanthocephalans under this name were found
in the intestine of thick-knees, starlings, blackbirds and even in common raccoons
(Sadykhov, 1973; Vaidova, 1978), but the authors did not support such identification by
providing original descriptions and drawings. Petrochenko (1958) in the description of
Prosthorhynchus gracilis differentiated it from P. scolopacidis Kostylev, 1915, P. rossicus
Kostylev, 1915 and P. rostratus Marval, 1902, instead of from P. gallinagi. He did not
consider P. cylindraceus, because he, after A. Meyer (1933), placed it within the genus
Centrorhynchus Lu�he, 1911. Examination of all information available for these two
species confirmed our hypothesis that P. (P.) gallinagi and P. (P.) gracilis are synonyms
of P. (P.) cylindraceus.
The comparison of mature specimens of P. (P.) cylindraceus using nine morpholog-
ical characters (Ukraine, collection of the Department of Parasitology, IZAN) with data
538 O. I. Lisitsyna
Fig. 1. Morphometry of experimentally grown cystacanths P. (P.) cylindraceus.
Ðèñ. 1. Ìîðôîìåòðèÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî âûðàùåííûõ öèñòàêàíòîâ P. (P.) cylindraceus.
14
19
15
16
13
13
16
13
14-15
17
16
70
78
83
60
64
78
80
60
65
16.9
17.3
17.6
18.1
14.7
14.5
14.6
14.3
66
73
70
73
75
2121
20
19
15
PARENTAL FEMALE
-
EXPERIMENT 1
EXPERIMENT 2
Number of Rows Of Hooks Number of Hooks per Row Lenght of Blade of the Largest Hook
EXPERIMENT 1
EXPERIMENT 2 EXPERIMENT 2
EXPERIMENT 1
MALE
FEMALE
X
for specimens from other parts of geographic range of P. (P.) cylindraceus, namely from
Bulgaria and South Africa (Amin et al., 1999; Dimitrova et al., 1999) and with the type
specimens of P. (P.) gallinagi (VIGIS Museum, Moscow) and (P.) gracilis (VIGIS
Museum, Moscow) also did not reveal significant differences (table 2, fig. 2) between
the three putative species.
The available data on definitive and intermediate hosts, and distribution of parasites
under these six names do not provide any additional reasons for species differentia-
tion (table 3).
We did not perform DNA tests though we consider such examinations necessary at
least for comparison of P. (P.) cylindraceus from birds of Europe and from birds of America.
Until now, it is not known why P. (P.) cylindraceus from North America, Australia and
Western Europe demonstrate the ability to undergo paratenic parasitism (Dollfus, Golvan,
1961; Nickol, Oetinger, 1968; Smales, 1988), but representatives of the same species from
Eastern Europe do not. In Eastern Europe, juvenile individuals of this parasite were found
only in the intestinal lumen of the insectivores (Tkach, 1989).
539Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) Cylindraceus ...
Fig. 2. Data comparison by two characters in cystacanths P. (P.) cylindraceus [experimentally grown] and mature
individuals P. (P.) cylindraceus [summarized data by material from Ukraine (author’s own collection), Bulgaria
(Dimitrova et al., 1999) and Southern Africa (Amin et al., 1999)]; P. (P.) formosus (measurements of type
specimens from Amin et al., 1999), P. (P.) gallinagi (summarized data of the first description and processing
of type specimens); P. (P.) genitopapillatus [by first description (Lundstro�m, 1942 from Petrochenko, 1958)],
P. (P.) gracilis (summarized data of the first description and processing of type specimens); P. (P.) transversus
[by first description (Rudolphi, 1819 from Meyer, 1933)].
Ðèñ. 2. Ñðàâíåíèå ïî äâóì ïðèçíàêàì ó öèñêàíòîâ P. (P.) cylindraceus (ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî âûðàùåííûõ)
è ó ïîëîâîçðåëûõ ôîðì P. (P.) cylindraceus [oáîáùåííûå äàííûå ïî ìàòåðèàëó èç Óêðàèíû (ñîáñòâåííûé
ìàòåðèàë), Áîëãàðèè (Dimitrova et al., 1999) è Þæíîé Àôðèêè (Amin et al., 1999); P. (P.) formosus (ïðî-
ìåðû òèïîâîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïî: Amin et al., 1999); P. (P.) gallinagi (îáîáùåííûå äàííûå ïåðâîîïèñàíèÿ
è îáðàáîòêè òèïîâûõ ýêçåìïëÿðîâ); P. (P.) genitopapillatus [ïî ïåðâîîïèñàíèþ (Lundstro�m, 1942)],
P. (P.) gracilis (îáîáùåííûå äàííûå ïåðâîîïèñàíèÿ è îáðàáîòêè òèïîâûõ ýêçåìïëÿðîâ); P. (P.) transversus
[ïî ïåðâîîïèñàíèþ (Rudolphi, 1819 ïî: Meyer, 1933)].
Consequently, taking into consideration the results of these studies, the subgenus
Prosthorhynchus of the genus Plagiorhynchus includes 20 species:
P. (P.) scolopacidis (Kostylev, 1915) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966, type species of subgenus
P. (P.) angerense (Travassos, 1926) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) asymmetricus Belopolskaja, 1983
P. (P.) bullocki Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) cossyphicola Smales, 2010
P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) digiticephalus Amin, Van Ha, Heckmann, 2008
P. (P.) golvani Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) limnobaeni (Tubangui, 1933) Golvan, 1956
P. (P.) longirostris (Travassos, 1927) Amin, 1985
P. (P.) malayensis (Tubangui, 1935) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) megareceptacils Amin, Van Ha, Heckmann, 2008
P. (P.) nicobarensis (Soota and Kansal, 1970) Zafar and Farooqi, 1981
P. (P.) ogati (Fukui and Morisita, 1936) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) pigmentatus (Marval, 1902) Meyer, 1932
P. (P.) pittarum (Tubangui, 1935) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) reticulatus (Westrumb, 1821) Golvan, 1956
P. (P.) rheae (marval, 1902) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) rossicus (Kostylev, 1915) Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
P. (P.) varispinus Wang, 1966
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-65737 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:51:29Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Lisitsyna, O.I. 2014-07-01T17:07:24Z 2014-07-01T17:07:24Z 2010 Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus / O.I. Lisitsyna // Вестник зоологии. — 2010. — Т. 44, № 6. — С. 533–542. — Бібліогр.: 38 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65737 595.133 Morphological variability in cystacanths and adults of P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966, type material of P. (P.) gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953 and P. (P.) gracilis Petrochenko, 1958 were studied. Data on intermediate hosts, definitive hosts and distribution of some species from the subgenus Prosthorhynchus were summarized. The taxonomy of the subgenus is discussed and names P. (P.) formosus Van Cleave, 1918, P. (P.) genitopapillatus Lundstro#m, 1942, P. (P.) transversus Rudolphi, 1819, P. (P.) gallinagi and P. (P.) gracilis are placed as synonyms of P. (P.) cylindraceus. Изучена морфологическая изменчивость цистакантов и взрослых форм P. (P.) cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966, типовой материал P. (P.) gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953 и P. (P.) gracilis Petrochenko, 1958, обобщены данные о промежуточных, дефинитивных хозяевах и распространении ряда видов подрода Prosthorhynchus. Обсуждается таксономическая структура подрода. Подтверждена инвалидность названий P. (P.) formosus Van Cleave, 1918, P. (P.) genitopapillatus Lundstrom, 1942, P. (P.) transversus Rudolphi, 1819. Предлагается рассматривать P. (P.) gallinagi и P. (P.) gracilis синонимами P. (P.) cylindraceus. The author kindly thanks E. Kharchenko and Yu. Kuzmin for their help in English translation of this paper. en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Морфология Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus Морфологическая изменчивость Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) и ее значение для оценки таксономической структуры подрода Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus Lisitsyna, O.I. Морфология |
| title | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus |
| title_alt | Морфологическая изменчивость Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) и ее значение для оценки таксономической структуры подрода |
| title_full | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus |
| title_fullStr | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus |
| title_short | Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus |
| title_sort | morphological variability of plagiorhynchus (prosthorhynchus) cylindraceus (acanthocephala, plagiorhynchidae) and its importance in assessment of taxonomy structure of the subgenus |
| topic | Морфология |
| topic_facet | Морфология |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65737 |
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