Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine)
In February 2009 a full bat census in GMN- and IVK-mines (Khmelnytsky Oblast) was done. In total, 4801 individuals of 10 species were counted: 2438 of 7 sp. in GMN-mines and 2364 of 9 sp. in IVK-mines. The carried work is the first experience of a full bat census in considerable by length undergroun...
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України
2011
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| Cite this: | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) / O.V. Godlevska, M.A. Ghazali, V.M. Tyshchenko, M.V. Drebet, V.Ju. Martynjuk // Вестник зоологии. — 2011. — Т. 45, № 1. — С. 85–88. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859682167421927424 |
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| author | Godlevska, O.V. Ghazali, M.A. Tyshchenko, V.M. Drebet, M.V. Martynjuk, V.Ju. |
| author_facet | Godlevska, O.V. Ghazali, M.A. Tyshchenko, V.M. Drebet, M.V. Martynjuk, V.Ju. |
| citation_txt | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) / O.V. Godlevska, M.A. Ghazali, V.M. Tyshchenko, M.V. Drebet, V.Ju. Martynjuk // Вестник зоологии. — 2011. — Т. 45, № 1. — С. 85–88. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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| description | In February 2009 a full bat census in GMN- and IVK-mines (Khmelnytsky Oblast) was done. In total, 4801 individuals of 10 species were counted: 2438 of 7 sp. in GMN-mines and 2364 of 9 sp. in IVK-mines. The carried work is the first experience of a full bat census in considerable by length underground systems (29 and 11 km correspondingly) in Ukraine. Examination of GMN-mines took 77,5 man-hours; IVK-mines, ca. 50 manhours. The obtained results will be at a base of the further bat monitoring in these two sites.
В феврале 2009 г. осуществлен полный учет рукокрылых в GMN- и IVK-каменоломнях (Хмельницкая обл.). В сумме учтено 4801 ос. 10 видов: в GMN-каменоломнях 2438 ос. 7 видов, в IVK-каменоломнях 2364 ос. 9 видов. Проведенная работа является первым опытом полного учета рукокрылых в протяженных системах (29 и 11 км соответственно) в Украине. Обследование GMN-каменоломен заняло 77,5, IVK-каменоломен около 50 человеко-часов. Полученные результаты важны для дальнейшего мониторинга рукокрылых в этих двух подземельях.
We thank V. Stetsjuk and N. Stetsjuk for a kind help and V. Bodnarchuk, V. Gembel, M. Matveev for the cooperation and assistance.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-11-30T20:31:27Z |
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UDC 599.42(477)
RESULTS OF THE WINTER
BAT CENSUS IN TWO SITES
OF THE CENTRAL PODOLIA (UKRAINE)
Î. V. Godlevska1, M. A. Ghazali1, V. M. Tyshchenko2,
M. V. Drebet3, V. Ju. Martynjuk4
1 Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine,
Chmielnitsky str., 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: lgodlevska@gmail.com, ghazali.maria@gmail.com
2 National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
Rodimtseva str., 19, Kyiv, 03041 Ukraine
E-mail: kazhan@online.ua
3 National park “Podilski Tovtry”,
Pol’sky rynok sq., 6, Kam’yanets-Podilsky, 32301 Ukraine
E-mail: mikedrebet@gmail.com
4 Kam’yanets-Podilsky National University,
Ogienka str., 61, Kam’yanets-Podilsky, 32300 Ukraine
Received 16 June 2010
Accepted 10 November 2010
Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites of the Central Podo lia (Ukraine). Godlevska O. V.,
Ghazali M. A., Tyshchenko V. M., Drebet M. V., Martynjuk V. Ju. – In February 2009 a full bat cen-
sus in GMN- and IVK-mines (Khmelnytsky Oblast) was done. In total, 4801 individuals of 10 species
were counted: 2438 of 7 sp. in GMN-mines and 2364 of 9 sp. in IVK-mines. The carried work is the
first experience of a full bat census in considerable by length underground systems (29 and 11 km cor-
respondingly) in Ukraine. Examination of GMN-mines took 77,5 man-hours; IVK-mines, ca. 50 man-
hours. The obtained results will be at a base of the further bat monitoring in these two sites.
Ke y wo r d s: bats, key sites, underground roosts, winter census, Ukraine.
Ðåçóëüòàòû çèìíåãî ó÷åòà ðóêîêðûëûõ â äâóõ ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿõ Öåíòðàëüíîé Ïîäîëèè (Óêðàèíà).
Ãîäëåâñêàÿ Å. Â., Ãõàçàëè Ì. À., Òèùåí êî Â. Ì., Äðåáåò Â. Þ., Ìàðòûíþê Ì. Â. – Â ôåâðàëå
2009 ã. îñóùåñòâëåí ïîëíûé ó÷åò ðóêîêðûëûõ â GMN- è IVK-êàìåíîëîìíÿõ (Õìåëüíèöêàÿ
îáë.). Â ñóììå ó÷òåíî 4801 îñ. 10 âèäîâ: â GMN-êàìåíîëîìíÿõ – 2438 îñ. 7 âèäîâ, â IVK-êàìå-
íîëîìíÿõ – 2364 îñ. 9 âèäîâ. Ïðîâåäåííàÿ ðàáîòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðâûì îïûòîì ïîëíîãî ó÷åòà
ðóêîêðûëûõ â ïðîòÿæåííûõ ñèñòåìàõ (29 è 11 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî) â Óêðàèíå. Îáñëåäîâàíèå
GMN-êàìåíîëîìåí çàíÿëî 77,5, IVK-êàìåíîëîìåí – îêîëî 50 ÷åëîâåêî-÷àñîâ. Ïîëó÷åííûå
ðåçóëüòàòû âàæíû äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî ìîíèòîðèíãà ðóêîêðûëûõ â ýòèõ äâóõ ïîäçåìåëüÿõ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: ðóêîêðûëûå, êëþ÷åâûå ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿ, ïîäçåìíûå óáåæèùà, çèìíèé
ó÷åò, Óêðàèíà.
Introduction
Monitoring of important for bats underground sites is one of the goals in bat conservation. At that,
counting bats in considerable by length hibernacula is a special task for bat workers in countries (including
Ukraine) where a monitoring system was not established yet, bat volunteers are almost or completely absent,
and key sites have been distinguished comparatively recently. Among few tens of recently determined impor-
tant bat sites in Ukraine there are two extensive mine systems situated in the central part of Podolian Upland
(Western Ukraine, in borders of Kmelnytsky Oblast).
The first partial census of bats in GMN-mines was carried out in winter and late summer of 2001. It
was found that the site is a swarming place and a hibernation shelter for bats. In the subsequent years bats
were counted in winter but, as previously, only small parts of the shelter were examined (Tyshchenko et al.,
Vestnik zoologii, 45(1): 85—88, 2011
2005). More detailed census was carried out in December 2006: 610 specimens of 6 species were accounted.
By results of this winter census GMN-mines took the third place in the list of the most important bat under-
ground roosts of Podolia and Central Dniester River region. Totally, 9 species were registered for the site
(Godlevska et al., 2010).
IVK-mines were firstly discovered (as a bat place) by V. Tyshchenko in 2001; then, in late summer,
swarming bats were mist-netted at one of the entrances (Tyshchenko, 2003). During the first winter census
in February 2007 only a part of drifts was examined by the transect method (1013 bat ind. of 9 species were
accounted). However, results of this partial census put the site at the first place in the rank of important
underground bat hibernacula in the region. In 2007 it was revealed that a part of drifts was used by bats in
summer as well; that includes a presence of the big maternity colony of Rhinolophus hipposideros. In total,
10 bat species were registered for IVK-site (Godlevska et al., 2010).
The preliminary results enabled to include these two mine systems into the national list of key bat sites
of Ukraine and propose them for the Pan-European list. However, a full winter census was needed to estab-
lish a base for further bat monitoring in these two sites. A full census in big labyrinth systems in Ukraine had
never been carried out before. Thus, in addition, our task was to estimate a capability of realisation of a
detailed bat census in branchy underground labyrinths by efforts of few workers.
Study sites and methods
Both sites represent mines for machine extraction of saw limestone. The mines are located at the dis-
tance of 50 km from each other. Mining in both cases was started in the late 1950s and carried out in 1960s.
GMN-site (Kam’yanets-Podilsky District) is a big mine with a total length of all drifts of ca. 29 km
and a small isolated adit above with a length of ca. 0,5 km. The big system has three not blocked gallery
entrances at the same altitude (closed with gates) and one vertical ventshaft; several previously existed
entrances were blocked. The mine field has a shape of a stripe, about 2 km in length and 0,25 km in the
broadest part. All gallery entrances are at one of the narrow edges of the mine, the ventshaft is in the first
quarter. Mining was carried out both in one and few benches. The height of drifts is 2,5—3 to 12 m. In the
mine there is a half-isolated lower subsystem conducted with the main part with two vertical shafts, one of
which is closed from time to time. About 10 years ago the big system was rented and equipped for growing
mushrooms. A mushroom farm is situated at the plot near entrances. For creating an appropriate for mush-
room growing microclimate in periods of low winter temperatures outside drifts are shut with special screens
and doors, isolating a main part of the mine from entrances. Thus, air circulation and temperature inside
depend on human factor here.
IVK-site (Gorodotsky District) includes a big system with a general length of about 11 km and a small
separate system of ca. 150 m. There are four gallery entrances in the big system, three of them are situated
at the same level, the fourth one is higher at the same slope. Shape of the mine field is a roundish polygon –
about 500 by 400 m. It includes three connected parts at different attitude; two of them are opened with
entrances. Due to the original configuration, the biggest part of the system is cooled in the winter and works
as a “cold sac” during all the year. E. g., in summer inside temperature near lower entrances was +4... +5°C
(outside temperature was +25... +28°C). Mine exploitation was carried out in one bench mostly. The height
of drifts is 2—3,5 m. After official closing of mine local people conducted an extraction of limestone illegal-
ly (for burning the lime) with explosive method (about two years ago it was stopped).
The mines were inspected on 20—22 February, 2009. Maps of the mines are absent, thus the work
included systematic inspection of all passages “drift by drift”. For identifying bats on drifts’ ceiling binocu-
lars and zooming photo-cameras were used. For measuring air temperature inside digital thermometers with
remote sensors (TFA Elektronisches Maxima-Minima-Thermometer) were used; metering was done at the
height of 1 m from a floor.
Results and discussion
In total, 4801 bat individuals of 10 species were accounted (fig. 1).
In GMK-mines 2438 bat individuals of 7 species were revealed. A clear dominant
species is Myotis myotis. Specimens of M. myotis accommodated both individually and
with clusters up to 25 specimens. Few tens of M. myotis with a white fungus (similar by
expression to Geomyces destructans (e. g. Puechmaille et al., 2010)) at muzzles were
registered. Such individuals were observed being placed separately and among «clean»
individuals in clusters.
2364 individuals of 9 species were found in IVK-mines. The dominant species by
number is Myotis daubentonii, the subdominant one is Barbastella barbastellus. For lat-
ter species one big cluster of 380 individuals was observed, other barbastelles placed
individually or by rare groups in few specimens. IVK-mines are one of the most unique
bat underground sites in Ukraine. Before its discovery, a maximal number of bar-
86 Î. V. Godlevska, M. A. Ghazali, V. M. Tyshchenko, M. V. Drebet, V. Ju. Martynjuk
bastelles, registered in one shelter, was 50 individuals only (Golub, 1996); other records
of the species in Ukraine were represented by single individuals. Besides, IVK-site is a
hibernaculum for the biggest aggregations of M. daubentonii, long eared bats (in partic-
ularly, Plecotus auritus) and Myotis brandtii in Ukraine.
There is a considerable difference in a ratio of revealed bat numbers and mine
lengths. Total bat numbers for each site are nearly similar but mines differ almost three
times in the length (hence, there are ca. 82 ind. per 1 km in GMN-site; ca. 212 ind.
per 1 km in IVK-site). Besides, there is a difference in distribution of individuals’ num-
ber by species in two sites (fig. 1). The main cause of it is, evidently, a difference in
temperature regimes inside. In fact, IVK-mine is one continuous zone of temperature
gradient with a registered temperatures in winter from – 4 to +8.4...+10°C, with very
expanded areas of low and middle temperatures. GMN-system has quite different tem-
perature characteristics. At its biggest part the temperature is about +10°Ñ with the
exception of zones near gallery entrances, a ventshaft and a lower subsystem, in latter
one a quite expanded zone of temperature gradient has a place (from +4.9°C to +9.6°Ñ
in Febr. 2009).
The full census of 2009 revealed more bats than the partial one in winter
2006/2007 (for GMN-mines, in 2.5 times more; in IVK-mines, in 4 times).
Nevertheless, M. myotis was a dominant species in GMN-mines both during partial and
full census. In IVK-mines number of species was the same (although M. nattereri and
M. bechsteinii were “blinking”: the first species was revealed in 2007, not in 2009; and
M. bechsteinii was found in 2009 only). However, a ratio of the most mass species in
IVK-mines revealed to be different during the full census: M. daubentonii was the most
numerous (instead of B. barbastellus in 2007); significantly more individuals of R. hip-
posideros (in 6 times) and M. myotis (in 3 times) were accounted. Evidently, the dif-
ference is caused not by real changes in species quantity ratio but by fullness of inspec-
tion of the shelter.
The inspection of GMN-site took 77.5 man-hours; IVK-site, about 50 man-hours
(with 5 persons participated). Our results demonstrate that a relatively quick full cen-
sus is possible even by efforts of few skilled accounters.
87Results of the first full winter bat census in two key underground …
RHIP – Rhinolophus hipposideros, MBEC – Myotis bechsteinii, MMYO – M. myotis, MDAU – M. dau-
bentonii, MDAS – M. dasycneme, MMYS – M. mystacinus, MBRA – M. brandtii, BBAR – Barbastella bar-
bastellus, PAUR – Plecotus auritus, ESER – Eptesicus serotinus, VGSP – Vespertilionidae indetermined.
Fig. 1. Number of revealed bats by species.
Ðèñ. 1. Êîëè÷åñòâî ó÷òåííûõ îñîáåé ðóêîêðûëûõ ïî âèäàì.
GMN-mines
4
6
8
11
14
15
18
64
68
164
2066
MBRA
Myotis sp.
MMYS/MBRA
MDAS/MDAU
VGSP
BBAR
MDAS
RHIP
PAUR
MDAU
MMYO
IVK-mines
3
3
12
21
41
70
110
149
229
369
498
859
MBEC
ESER
VGSP
Myotis sp.
MDAS
MMYS/MBRA
MBRA
MMYO
PAUR
RHIP
BBAR
MDAU
The obtained results will be at a base of the further bat monitoring in these two
sites.
We thank V. Stetsjuk and N. Stetsjuk for a kind help and V. Bodnarchuk, V. Gembel, M. Matveev for
the cooperation and assistance.
Godlevska Î. V., Tyshchenko V. M., Ghazali M. A. A current status of cave-dwelling bats of Podillya and
Middle Dniester River region (Ukraine) // Nature Reservaes in Ukraine. – 2010. – in press.
Ukrainian : Ãîäëåâñüêà Î. Â., Òèùåíêî Â. Ì., ¥õàçàë³ Ì. À. Ñó÷àñíèé ñòàí ïîïóëÿö³é òðîãëîô³ëü-
íèõ ðóêîêðèëèõ Ïîä³ëëÿ ³ Ñåðåäíüîãî Ïðèäí³ñòðîâ’ÿ // Çàïîâ³äíà ñïðàâà â Óêðà¿í³.
Golub V. M. Wintering of the barbastelle bat (Barbastella barbastellus Schreber) in the “Kholodnyi Yar”
reserve // Vestnik zoologii. – 1996. – 30, N 1—2. – P. 72. – Russian : Ãîëóá Â. Ì. Çèìîâêà åâðî-
ïåéñêîé øèðîêîóøêè (Barbastella barbastellus Schreber) â çàïîâåäíèêå «Õîëîäíûé ÿð» //
Âåñòíèê çîîëîãèè.
Tyshchenko V. Bat fauna (Chiroptera) of the “Medobory” natural reserve // Rol’ pryrodno-zapovidnykh tery-
toriy Zakhidnogo podillya ta Jury Oitsovskoi u zberezhenni biologichnogo ta landshaftnogo biorizno-
manittya. – Grymailiv-Ternopil : Lileya, 2003. – P. 519—540. – Ukrainian : Òèùåíêî Â. Ôàóíà êàæà-
í³â (Chiroptera) ïðèðîäíîãî çàïîâ³äíèêà «Ìåäîáîðè» // Ðîëü ïðèðîäíî-çàïîâ³äíèõ òåðèòîð³é
Çàõ³äíîãî Ïîä³ëëÿ òà Þðè Îéöîâñüêî¿ ó çáåðåæåíí³ á³îëîã³÷íîãî òà ëàíäøàôòíîãî ð³çíîìàí³òòÿ.
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Sci. Bull. Uzhgorod Univ. (Ser. Biol.). – 2005. – 17. – P. 173—183. – Ukrainian : Òèùåíêî Â.,
Ìàò⺺â Ì., Áîâòóíîâà Þ. Äî ôàóíè êàæàí³â (Chiroptera) Õìåëüíè÷÷èíè // Íàóêîâèé â³ñíèê
Óæãîðîä. óí-òó. Ñåð. Á³îë.
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88 Î. V. Godlevska, M. A. Ghazali, V. M. Tyshchenko, M. V. Drebet, V. Ju. Martynjuk
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-65774 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-30T20:31:27Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Godlevska, O.V. Ghazali, M.A. Tyshchenko, V.M. Drebet, M.V. Martynjuk, V.Ju. 2014-07-02T04:02:58Z 2014-07-02T04:02:58Z 2011 Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) / O.V. Godlevska, M.A. Ghazali, V.M. Tyshchenko, M.V. Drebet, V.Ju. Martynjuk // Вестник зоологии. — 2011. — Т. 45, № 1. — С. 85–88. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65774 599.42(477) In February 2009 a full bat census in GMN- and IVK-mines (Khmelnytsky Oblast) was done. In total, 4801 individuals of 10 species were counted: 2438 of 7 sp. in GMN-mines and 2364 of 9 sp. in IVK-mines. The carried work is the first experience of a full bat census in considerable by length underground systems (29 and 11 km correspondingly) in Ukraine. Examination of GMN-mines took 77,5 man-hours; IVK-mines, ca. 50 manhours. The obtained results will be at a base of the further bat monitoring in these two sites. В феврале 2009 г. осуществлен полный учет рукокрылых в GMN- и IVK-каменоломнях (Хмельницкая обл.). В сумме учтено 4801 ос. 10 видов: в GMN-каменоломнях 2438 ос. 7 видов, в IVK-каменоломнях 2364 ос. 9 видов. Проведенная работа является первым опытом полного учета рукокрылых в протяженных системах (29 и 11 км соответственно) в Украине. Обследование GMN-каменоломен заняло 77,5, IVK-каменоломен около 50 человеко-часов. Полученные результаты важны для дальнейшего мониторинга рукокрылых в этих двух подземельях. We thank V. Stetsjuk and N. Stetsjuk for a kind help and V. Bodnarchuk, V. Gembel, M. Matveev for the cooperation and assistance. en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Краткие сообщения Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) Результаты зимнего учета рукокрылых в двух местонахождениях в Центральной Подолии (Украина) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) Godlevska, O.V. Ghazali, M.A. Tyshchenko, V.M. Drebet, M.V. Martynjuk, V.Ju. Краткие сообщения |
| title | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) |
| title_alt | Результаты зимнего учета рукокрылых в двух местонахождениях в Центральной Подолии (Украина) |
| title_full | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) |
| title_fullStr | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) |
| title_short | Results of the Winter Bat Census in Two Bat Sites in the Central Podolia (Ukraine) |
| title_sort | results of the winter bat census in two bat sites in the central podolia (ukraine) |
| topic | Краткие сообщения |
| topic_facet | Краткие сообщения |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/65774 |
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