Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells
The data concerning possibility to use micronuclei (MN) level as a biomarker of cytogenetic effects in exfoliated epithelial cells of cancer patients under therapy are presented. The number of MN in buccal cells of cancer patients under chemotherapy are very contradictory. Significant dosedependent...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Цитология и генетика |
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| Дата: | 2007 |
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| Формат: | Стаття |
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Інститут клітинної біології та генетичної інженерії НАН України
2007
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| Цитувати: | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells / A.K. Nersesyan // Цитология и генетика. — 2007. — Т. 41, № 6. — С. 67-74. — Бібліогр.: 41 назв. — рос. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860130784369704960 |
|---|---|
| author | Nersesyan, A.K. |
| author_facet | Nersesyan, A.K. |
| citation_txt | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells / A.K. Nersesyan // Цитология и генетика. — 2007. — Т. 41, № 6. — С. 67-74. — Бібліогр.: 41 назв. — рос. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Цитология и генетика |
| description | The data concerning possibility to use micronuclei (MN) level as a biomarker of cytogenetic effects in exfoliated epithelial cells of cancer patients under therapy are presented. The number of MN in buccal cells of cancer patients under chemotherapy are very contradictory. Significant dosedependent increment of MN in tumor and normal epithelial cells due to radiotherapy was shown in most investigations. Evaluation of MN induced by radiotherapy in exfoliated tumor cells can potentially identify radiosensitivity of tumors and the treatment outcome after the first fractions of irradiation. This technique is almost completely non invasive and easily done in accessible primary cancers (oral cavity and uterine cervix).
Представлены данные относительно возможности использования теста на микроядра (МЯ) в эксфолиативных эпителиальных клетках онкологических больных, получающих противоопухолевую терапию, как биомаркера цитогенетического эффекта. Количество МЯ у больных, получавших химиотерапию, крайне противоречиво. Почти все исследователи показали, что как в опухолевых, так и в нормальных эпителиальных клетках после радиотерапии число МЯ достоверно увеличивается. Оценка числа МЯ, индуцированных радиотерапией в эксфолиативных эпителиальных клетках, потенциально может выявить радиочувствительность опухоли и эффективность лечения уже после первых сеансов терапии. Этот метод практически неинвазивен и может быть применен в оценке лечения опухолей ротовой полости и шейки матки.
Представлено дані відносно можливості використання тесту на мікроядра (МЯ) в ексфоліативних епітеліальних клітинах онкологічних хворих, що отримували протипухлинну терапію, як маркера цитогенетичного ефекту. Кількість МЯ у хворих, що отримували хіміотерапію, дуже суперечлива. Майже всі дослідники показали, що і в пухлинних клітинах, і в нормальних епітеліальних клітинах після радіотерапії число МЯ вірогідно збільшується. Оцінка числа МЯ, що індуковані радіотерапією в ексфоліативно епітеліальних клітинах, потенційно може виявити радіочутливість пухлини та ефективність лікування вже після перших сеансів терапії. Цей метод практично неінвазивний і може бути використаний для оцінки лікування пухлин ротової порожнини та шийки матки.
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67
The data concerning possibility to use micronuclei (MN)
level as a biomarker of cytogenetic effects in exfoliated epithe�
lial cells of cancer patients under therapy are presented. The
number of MN in buccal cells of cancer patients under
chemotherapy are very contradictory. Significant dose�
dependent increment of MN in tumor and normal epithelial
cells due to radiotherapy was shown in most investigations.
Evaluation of MN induced by radiotherapy in exfoliated
tumor cells can potentially identify radiosensitivity of tumors
and the treatment outcome after the first fractions of irradia�
tion. This technique is almost completely non�invasive and
easily done in accessible primary cancers (oral cavity and
uterine cervix).
It is well established that radio� and chemother�
apy widely used for treatment of cancer patients
induce chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei
(MN) both in tumor [1–4] and normal (healthy)
cells [5, 6]. Because of some technical difficulties
(invasive procedure to obtain tumor cells during
and after treatment) cytogenetic disturbances are
mostly studied in lymphocytes [7, 8]. These cells
are the most used target for biomonitoring of cyto�
genetic effects of cancer treatment.
Of course, it would be of interest to monitor
cytogenetic alterations not in surrogate tissue (lym�
phocytes) but in tumor and epithelial cells. It is
noteworthy that about 90 % of all human tumors
are derived from epithelial tissues [9, 10]. MN
assay in exfoliated human epithelial cells is used to
study clastogenic/aneugenic effects of agents of
various origin [11, 12]. It has been shown that
exposure of persons to some environmental and
occupational pollutants can lead to increased level
of MN in inepithelial cells. Some lifestyle habits,
such as tobacco smoking, khat, areca nut and betel
chewing could also be the causes of MN induction
in oral mucosal cells. In some diseases, including
precancerous ones and cancer, increment of MN
was also frequently observed [11, 12].
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the data
concerning MN level in exfoliated epithelial cells
of cancer patients as possible biomarkers of cyto�
genetic effect of antiblastic chemo� and radiother�
apy. In the review paper by Majer et al. [11] three
articles were cited concerning radiotherapy of oral
cancer (totally 8 subjects, with MN increase in not
affected by tumor cells in all cases), one – con�
cerning treatment of thyroid cancer with 131I (31
subjects, negative result), and one paper concerning
cancer chemotherapy (7 subjects, positive results
in 5 persons, and correlation of MN data in lym�
phocytes) [11]. It should be added to the last cited
paper [13], that the increment of MN both in exfo�
liated epithelial cells and lymphocytes were not
observed in two subjects treated only with interfer�
on. Hence, correlation was observed between the
responsibility of two types of cells to genotoxic
action of chemotherapeutic drugs.
The most important data concerning MN
induction in exfoliated epithelial cells by radio�
and chemotherapy are presented in Tables 1 and 2
(age and sex of subjects, the type of stain used and
the number of cells studied). On the accuracy of
scoring and evaluation of number of MN in
mucosal cells the most important impact could
ІSSN 0564–3783. Цитология и генетика. 2007. № 6
© A.K. NERSESYAN, 2007
Обзорные статьи
A.K. NERSESYAN
Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna A�1090, Austria
E�mails: armen.nersesyan@meduniwien.ac.at; armenn@freenet.am
BIOMONITORING OF CYTOGENETIC
EFFECT OF ANTITUMOR THERAPY
BY MEANS OF MICRONUCLEUS
ASSAY IN EXFOLIATED
EPITHELIAL CELLS
68 ISSN 0564–3783. Цитология и генетика. 2007. № 6
A.K. Nersesyan
have only the stain used (DNA�specific or not)
and the number of studied cells [14–16].
Only 3 papers were found in Medline concerning
MN induction in exfoliated epithelial cells due to
antiblastic chemotherapy. One of them was already
analysed by Majer et al. [13]. In the paper by
Nersesyan et al. [17] 4 males and 5 females with
lymphogranulomatosis, 4 males with lung cancer
and 7 females with breast cancer were analysed a
week after various schedules of antiblastic chemo�
therapy. Significantly increased number of MN was
observed. In 21 Mexican patients with various locali�
zation of tumors treated with isophospha�
mide+epirubicin the significantly increased number
of MN was registered (from 1.2 ‰ before to 2.6 ‰
after treatment) [18]. In 14 patients (mostly with oral
and penis cancer) treated with carboplatin + 5�fluo�
rouracil and 6 patients (3 with penis, 1 with prostate,
and 2 with oral cancers) treated with cisDDP+5�
fluorouracil no such effect was registered. In this
paper both primary patients and patients subjected
to the second and even the third courses of
chemotherapy were studied. Based on the data pre�
sented by the authors, the number of cells with
MN only in primary cancer patients treated with
three chemotherapeutic schedules were calculated.
Totally among them 19 were primary, and MN fre�
quencies were 1.6 ± 0.4 ‰ before and 2.6 ± 0.7 ‰
after treatment (p > 0.05, Mann Whitney test). In
10 patients treated with carboplatin + 5�fluo�
rouracil MN numbers were 0.95 ± 0.12 ‰ before
and 1.35 ± 0.42 ‰ after treatment, and in 7
patients treated with isophosphamide+epirubicin
the frequencies were 2.9 ± 1.0 ‰ (before) and 4.9 ±
± 1.6 ‰ (after treatment) (p > 0.05 in both cases,
Mann Whitney U�test). In all cases not significant
increase of MN was observed. Torres�Bugarin et al.
[18] mentioned that many patients under chemo�
therapy had signs of toxicity – the presence of a lot
of buccal cell with karyolysis. Hence, 2 papers re�
ported about significant increment of MN induced
by antiblastic chemotherapy and 1 the same effect
only due to one schedule of therapy. Correlations
between MN level induction in somatic epithelial
T a b l e 1
Micronuclei frequency in buccal cells of cancer patients under antiblastic chemotherapy
Armenia
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
[17]
[18]
[18]
[18]
Chemotherapy
(cancer of various
sites, various
schedules)
Chemotherapy
(cancer of various
sites, isophos�
phamide+epiru�
bicin)
Chemotherapy
(cancer of various
sites, carbo�
platin+5�fluo�
rouracil)
Chemotherapy
(cancer of various
sites, cisDDP+5�
fluorouracil)
10m + 12f (54)
Control – the same pts
before therapy
13m + 8f cancer patients
(48.9)
Control – the same pts
before therapy
9m + 5f cancer patients
(49.7)
Control – the same pts
before therapy
6m cancer patients
(61)
Control – the same pts
before therapy
3.2
1.0
0.8
2.6
1.2
1.3
1.0
2.7
1.5
Feulgen + fast
green
2000
Orcein
2000
Orcein
2000
Orcein
2000
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 3.2
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 2.3
Effect of expo�
sure: ↔
Effect of expo�
sure: �
Country Treatment Number of subjects, sex
(age)
Number of cells with
MN, ‰
Stain (cells
studied per
subject)
Remarks Reference
N o t e . In table 1–3: ↑ – significant increase; ↔ – no effect; � – either increase or decrease, but not significant; pts –
patients; f – female, m – male.
69ІSSN 0564–3783. Цитология и генетика. 2007. № 6
Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus ...
cells and treatment results are unknown because
no data were published about the treatment out�
come of the patients after chemotherapy.
Although the contradictory results were pub�
lished concerning chemotherapy action on MN
level in buccal mucosa cells, it is noteworthy that
in two studies the significantly increased level of
MN was observed in buccal cells of nurses han�
dling cytostatic drugs (1.6–2.0�fold) [19–21], and
in one case 2�fold not significant increase [22].
The data concerning the frequencies of MN
induced by radiotherapy in normal and tumor
T a b l e 2
Micronuclei frequency in normal (not cancerous) epithelial cells of cancer patients under radiotherapy
Armenia
Armenia
Brazil
China
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
Radiotherapy of
cervix cancer (70.0
Gy)
Radiotherapy of oral
cavity cancer (25 Gy)
Radiotherapy of head
and neck cancer
6MeV linear acceler�
ator (X�ray, equiva�
lent body dose 3.3
Gy)
Radiotherapy of
nasopharyngeal can�
cer (68.0 Gy)
14f (50)
Control – the
same subjects
before therapy
8m+6f (61)
Control – the same
pts before therapy
25m, 6f (59)
Control – the
same subjects
before therapy
9m (36)
Control – the
same subjects
before therapy
Cervix
Buccal
Buccal
Buccal
8.0 –
(35.0 Gy)
7.4 –
(70.0 Gy)
2.9 – before
therapy
4.8 (25 Gy)
6.2 (15 Gy)
0.9 – before
therapy
2.3
0.8 – before
therapy
7.7 –
(28 Gy)
8.8 – (48 Gy)
7.6 –
(68 Gy)
2.3 – before
therapy
Feulgen + fast
green
(2000)
Feulgen + fast
green
(2000)
Feulgen + fast
green
(4000 during
therapy, 2000
before)
Acridine
orange (1000)
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 2.0
(35 Gy) and ↑ x
1.8 (70 Gy)
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 5.3
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 2.9.
No effect of
smoking on
MN level,
although there
were 17 heavy
smokers (more
than 30 ciga�
rettes per day
consumers)
Effect of expo�
sure:
↑ x 3.3 (28 Gy),
↑ x 3.8(48 Gy),
↑ x 3.3 (68 Gy).
Positive results
were obtained
in MN, CAs,
and comet
assays in lym�
phocytes with
less doses of
radiation (4–10
Gy)
Country Type
of cells
Treatment
(dose of radiation)
Number of subjects,
sex (age)
Number of cells
with MN, ‰
Stain (cells
studied per
subject)
Remarks Refe�
rence
70 ISSN 0564–3783. Цитология и генетика. 2007. № 6
A.K. Nersesyan
epithelial cells are presented in Tables 2 and 3,
respectively. The most important data of 4 papers
in Table 2 are presented concerning the studied
cells with no sign of pathology [23–26], e.g. they
were obtained from the opposite site of timor
localization, or from the same site, close to the
tumor. In four other papers the results of studies of
tumor cells during and/or after radiotherapy are
Armenia
India
India
India
India*
[24]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
Radiotherapy of oral
cancer (25 Gy)
Radiotherapy
of oral cancer
(28.8 Gy)
Radiotherapy
of oral cancer (24.0
Gy)
Radiotherapy of
cervix cancer (50.0
Gy)
Radiotherapy of oral
cancer (38.5 Gy)
8m + 6f (61)
Control – the
same pts before
therapy
31sex and age not
specified
Control – the
same pts before
therapy
49 sex and age nor
specified
Control – the
same pts before
therapy
25f (52)
Control – the
same pts before
therapy
68 (sex not speci�
fied) (62)
Control – the same
pts before therapy
Buccal
Buccal
Buccal
Cervix
Buccal
5.6 (25 Gy)
6.8 (15 Gy)
0.9
19.5
2.8
25.2 (21 sen�
sitive to treat�
ment pts)
15.0
(28 resistant to
treatment pts)
4.1
42
15
43 – (7.0 Gy)
55 – (17.5 Gy)
71 – (28 Gy)
78 – (38.5 Gy)
11
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 5.3
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 7.0
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ in both
resistant
(x 3.7) and
sensitive (x 6.1)
to therapy pts.
The number of
MN was sig�
nificantly
higher in sen�
sitive to treat�
ment pts
Effect of expo�
sure: ↑ x 2.8.
The significant
increase of
MN in cancer
cells after first
week could
predict for a
local better
response and
survival
Effect of expo�
sure: linear,
maximally at
maximum
dose ↑ x 7.7
Country Type
of cells
Treatment (dose
of radiation)
Number of subjects,
sex (age)
Number of cells
with MN, ‰
Stain (cells
studied per
subject)
Remarks Refe�
rence
Feulgen
(1000)
Giemsa
(1000)
Giemsa
(1000)
May�
Grunwald�
Giemsa
(1000)
Giemsa
(500)
T a b l e 3
Micronuclei frequency in tumor cells of cancer patients under radiotherapy
*Total number of MN, but not cells with MN were measured.
ІSSN 0564–3783. Цитология и генетика. 2005. № 2 71
presented (Table 3) [27–30]. Both in normal and
tumor cells a significant increase of MN was
observed due to radiation. It is important that in
normal cervical [23] and buccal [25, 26] cells of
patients under radiotherapy, MN level increased
linearly until the certain dose (mostly about
25–35 Gy), and then even decreased after addition�
al doses of radiation. In cervix cells the frequency
of cells with MN was significantly higher after
35 Gy (8‰) than the level after 70 Gy (7.4 ‰)
[23]. In buccal mucosa 8.8 ‰ cell with MN were
observed after the dose of 48 Gy, and only 7.6 ‰
after 68 Gy [26]. This phenomenon was observed
also in lymphocytes of head�and�neck and cervix
cancer patients during radiotherapy where the fre�
quencies of micronuclei increased during the first
half of therapy and declined thereafter, reaching,
in some patients, values below the pre�treatment
level [26, 31]. In all mentioned cases no attention
was paid to outcome of the therapy. The oral
mucosa cells of cancer patients under radiotherapy
were studied along with the cervix cells. Unlike the
cervix cells, even after receiving of high local dose
of radiation (about 70 Gy), no significant increase
was observed in the oral cells [23].
In 4 papers MN level was studied in cervix and
oral mucosa tumor cells (Table 3) [24, 27–30]. In
some cases MN frequencies in the tumor cells
were higher than in the normal mucosa cells (e. g.,
15 ‰ [27] and 11 ‰ [28] compared with the
healthy subjects from India – 0.7–4.0 ‰ [32]). In
two studies the linear increase of MN number in
cancer cells with the dose of radiation was
observed [24, 30]. In the exfoliated oral tumor cells
of the patients with good outcome of radiotherapy
the number of cells with MN was significantly
higher than in the resistant ones to therapy [28]. In
the cervix tumor cells MN have good predictive
value after one week of therapy – high number of
MN compared to the background level predict
good response to radiotherapy [29]. The same
results were obtained by the research group of
Wiedel – they investigated the tumor cells
obtained with biopsy instead of exfoliated tumor
cells [3, 4].
Some groups of investigators studied along with
MN in exfoliated cells also MN chromosomal
aberrations and DNA damage (by means of the
comet assay) in lymphocytes [25, 26]. Good corre�
lation was observed with these genotoxicity end�
points, but all of them were more sensitive to radi�
ation than MN assay in exfoliated cells. Two�three
months after the end of the radiotherapy the level
of MN in buccal cells but not in lymphocytes
decreased. The number of cells with MN in buccal
mucosa was higher than in the negative control,
but not statistically significant [25]. In the same
paper the authors paid attention to the influence of
smoking on the MN level induced by radiotherapy,
and found no effect even in heavy smokers (30 or
more cigarettes per day).
It is well known that in lymphocytes of primary
cancer patients, independent of stage and localiza�
tion of the tumor, the significantly increased num�
ber of chromosomal aberrations and MN was
reported [33–35]. In the normal buccal cells of the
patients from Armenia with oral cavity cancer [24]
and from Brazil with head and neck cancer [25]
almost the same frequencies of MN were observed
(0.8–0.9 ‰). This level did not differ significantly
from the data obtaihed on the healthy persons of
the same ethnicity – the negative control in both
papers – were 0.7 ‰ in Armenians and 0.5 ‰ in
Brazilians [17, 25]. In Chinese patients with
nasopharyngeal cancer 2.3 ‰ cells with MN were
observed [26] which is very close to the data
reported concerning the healthy persons from
China [36]. As for Mexican cancer patients, in all
three presented groups the number of cells with
MN significantly increased compared with
43 healthy persons from the same study (0.6 ‰)
[18]. But at the same time 37 primary cancer
patients with various localization of tumors in the
same study used as a control did not show any
increase compared with healthy subjects (0.8 ‰).
It could be because of the previously treated with
chemotherapy patients were included in the men�
tioned three groups along with the primary
patients. Anyway, the data concerning background
level of MN in epithelial cells of primary cancer
patients are very contradictory. In head�and�neck
patients from Brazil no difference was observed in
MN frequency in the patients and the control sub�
jects, and also between the patients at various
stages of tumor [25]. But the results of some inves�
tigations witness about significantly increased
number of MN in cancer patients. In 12 breast,
10 lung, 16 lymph nodes, and 21 cervix cancer
patients from Armenia [37] and 30 oral cancer
patients from Brazil [38] 2–3�fold significant
Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus ...
72 ISSN 0564–3783. Цитология и генетика. 2007. № 6
A.K. Nersesyan
increase compared with the healthy subjects was
reported. In the normal cervix cells of the patients
with cervix cancer from Armenia the level of MN
is significantly higher (3.9 ‰) than in healthy
females with normal menstrual function, and also
in pre� and postmenopausal ones [39, 40]. The
background level of MN in epithelial cells of can�
cer patients and even in the healthy persons also
warrants further investigations [41].
Hence, on this stage of knowledge it is not pos�
sible to predict the sensitivity of the patients to
cytostatic chemotherapy based on MN level, and
even the data on MN level in exfoliated epithelial
cells of the patients under therapy are contradicto�
ry. In contrast, all studies showed significant incre�
ment of MN in tumor and normal mucosal cells
due to radiotherapy. This increment was dose�
dependent. It is extremely important that serial
cytological assay of MN induction can potentially
identify radiosensitivity of tumors and the treat�
ment outcome. This technique is almost complete�
ly non�invasive and easily done in accessible pri�
mary cancers like of oral cavity and uterine cervix.
In other sites, a fine needle cytology can be tried.
In conclusion, MN assay in epithelial tumors
can be very useful in prognosis of sensitivity of
tumors to radiotherapy. As for MN assay in the
tumor patients treated with cytostatics, the further
investigations in this area are certainly warranted
to evaluate the application of this test for progno�
sis of treatment outcome.
РЕЗЮМЕ. Представлены данные относительно
возможности использования теста на микроядра
(МЯ) в эксфолиативных эпителиальных клетках онко�
логических больных, получающих противоопухолевую
терапию, как биомаркера цитогенетического эффекта.
Количество МЯ у больных, получавших химиотерапию,
крайне противоречиво. Почти все исследователи пока�
зали, что как в опухолевых, так и в нормальных эпите�
лиальных клетках после радиотерапии число МЯ до�
стоверно увеличивается. Оценка числа МЯ, индуци�
рованных радиотерапией в эксфолиативных эпителиаль�
ных клетках, потенциально может выявить радиочув�
ствительность опухоли и эффективность лечения уже
после первых сеансов терапии. Этот метод практичес�
ки неинвазивен и может быть применен в оценке ле�
чения опухолей ротовой полости и шейки матки.
РЕЗЮМЕ. Представлено дані відносно можливос�
ті використання тесту на мікроядра (МЯ) в ексфоліа�
тивних епітеліальних клітинах онкологічних хворих,
що отримували протипухлинну терапію, як маркера
цитогенетичного ефекту. Кількість МЯ у хворих,
що отримували хіміотерапію, дуже суперечлива. Май�
же всі дослідники показали, що і в пухлинних кліти�
нах, і в нормальних епітеліальних клітинах після ра�
діотерапії число МЯ вірогідно збільшується. Оцінка
числа МЯ, що індуковані радіотерапією в ексфоліа�
тивно епітеліальних клітинах, потенційно може ви�
явити радіочутливість пухлини та ефективність ліку�
вання вже після перших сеансів терапії. Цей метод
практично неінвазивний і може бути використаний
для оцінки лікування пухлин ротової порожнини та
шийки матки.
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Received 25.04.06
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-66608 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0564-3783 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:44:43Z |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publisher | Інститут клітинної біології та генетичної інженерії НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Nersesyan, A.K. 2014-07-19T07:43:48Z 2014-07-19T07:43:48Z 2007 Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells / A.K. Nersesyan // Цитология и генетика. — 2007. — Т. 41, № 6. — С. 67-74. — Бібліогр.: 41 назв. — рос. 0564-3783 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/66608 The data concerning possibility to use micronuclei (MN) level as a biomarker of cytogenetic effects in exfoliated epithelial cells of cancer patients under therapy are presented. The number of MN in buccal cells of cancer patients under chemotherapy are very contradictory. Significant dosedependent increment of MN in tumor and normal epithelial cells due to radiotherapy was shown in most investigations. Evaluation of MN induced by radiotherapy in exfoliated tumor cells can potentially identify radiosensitivity of tumors and the treatment outcome after the first fractions of irradiation. This technique is almost completely non invasive and easily done in accessible primary cancers (oral cavity and uterine cervix). Представлены данные относительно возможности использования теста на микроядра (МЯ) в эксфолиативных эпителиальных клетках онкологических больных, получающих противоопухолевую терапию, как биомаркера цитогенетического эффекта. Количество МЯ у больных, получавших химиотерапию, крайне противоречиво. Почти все исследователи показали, что как в опухолевых, так и в нормальных эпителиальных клетках после радиотерапии число МЯ достоверно увеличивается. Оценка числа МЯ, индуцированных радиотерапией в эксфолиативных эпителиальных клетках, потенциально может выявить радиочувствительность опухоли и эффективность лечения уже после первых сеансов терапии. Этот метод практически неинвазивен и может быть применен в оценке лечения опухолей ротовой полости и шейки матки. Представлено дані відносно можливості використання тесту на мікроядра (МЯ) в ексфоліативних епітеліальних клітинах онкологічних хворих, що отримували протипухлинну терапію, як маркера цитогенетичного ефекту. Кількість МЯ у хворих, що отримували хіміотерапію, дуже суперечлива. Майже всі дослідники показали, що і в пухлинних клітинах, і в нормальних епітеліальних клітинах після радіотерапії число МЯ вірогідно збільшується. Оцінка числа МЯ, що індуковані радіотерапією в ексфоліативно епітеліальних клітинах, потенційно може виявити радіочутливість пухлини та ефективність лікування вже після перших сеансів терапії. Цей метод практично неінвазивний і може бути використаний для оцінки лікування пухлин ротової порожнини та шийки матки. en Інститут клітинної біології та генетичної інженерії НАН України Цитология и генетика Обзорные статьи Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells Nersesyan, A.K. Обзорные статьи |
| title | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells |
| title_full | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells |
| title_fullStr | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells |
| title_short | Biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells |
| title_sort | biomonitoring of cytogenetic effect of antitumor therapy by means of micronucleus assay in exfoliated epithelial cells |
| topic | Обзорные статьи |
| topic_facet | Обзорные статьи |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/66608 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nersesyanak biomonitoringofcytogeneticeffectofantitumortherapybymeansofmicronucleusassayinexfoliatedepithelialcells |