Urums and their riddles
Нужно заметить, что наблюдается очень много сходств в фольклоре Урумов, которые в 1780 году, покинув территорию Крыма, заселили Приазовье, с фольклором тюркских народов Крыма, России, Анатолии и других народов всего тюркского мира. Цель этой статьи – показать, на сколько схожи, а может быть и одинак...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Культура народов Причерноморья |
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2003
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| Zitieren: | Urums and their riddles / Dr. Erdogan Altinnkaynak // Культура народов Причерноморья. — 2003. — № 46. — С. 202-205. — Бібліогр.: 32 назв. — англ. |
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| citation_txt | Urums and their riddles / Dr. Erdogan Altinnkaynak // Культура народов Причерноморья. — 2003. — № 46. — С. 202-205. — Бібліогр.: 32 назв. — англ. |
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| description | Нужно заметить, что наблюдается очень много сходств в фольклоре Урумов, которые в 1780 году, покинув территорию Крыма, заселили Приазовье, с фольклором тюркских народов Крыма, России, Анатолии и других народов всего тюркского мира. Цель этой статьи – показать, на сколько схожи, а может быть и одинаковы, загадки Урумов и тюрков. В статье даны примеры загадок на урумском языке и ссылка, где указаны варианты этих же загадок, используемых другими тюркскими народами.
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Dr. Erdogan Altınkaynak
URUMS AND THEIR RIDDLES
РЕЗУМЕ : Нужно заметить, что наблюдается очень много сходств в фольклоре Урумов, которые в 1780
году, покинув территорию Крыма, заселили Приазовье, с фольклором тюркских народов Крыма, России,
Анатолии и других народов всего тюркского мира. Цель этой статьи – показать, на сколько схожи, а может
быть и одинаковы, загадки Урумов и тюрков. В статье даны примеры загадок на урумском языке и ссылка,
где указаны варианты этих же загадок, используемых другими тюркскими народами.
There are about 16 settlements of Urums in the Northern coast of the Sea of Azov in the city of Mariupol sit-
uated in Donetsk region. Urums also inhabit Tselka region in Georgia.
Rums by Turkic origin and other groups used to live in Crimea up to 1780 and in the North-Eastern Anatolia till
1826. Urums and other Christian people (Georgians, Moldavians, Armenians and Popov named ecclesiastics for
about 31385 people
1
) in Katherine the Great times moved to the shores of the Sea of Azov by their own will and
wish.
2
But still the main goal of Katherine the Great was to decrease economical level of the Crimean peninsula.
According to the words of Urums from Preazovye region, they were accompanied by 2-3 thousands Urums
which firstly moved to Tselka region in Georgia from Trabzon, Giresun, Erzurum and Kars Anatolian places and
then in 1981-1986 settled in Crimea, Donetsk and Dniyepropetrovsk. Their parents’ language was Turkic
3
. They
had migrated not only from Anatolia but from Iran in 18. and 20. centuries.
4
They moved from The Northern and
Southern Caucus to Ukrainian lands. All the Byzantine Christians were named Urum or Rumeys by Turks.
5
Mi-
gration centers in Anatolia were Beshtash, Beshkoy, Tekkilise, Yedikilise, Evreni, Kumbent, Tersun, Santa, Imira,
Jinis, Olenk, Hadit, Karakum, Parmaksiz and oth.
After migrations of Crimean Christians 52 towns became deserted. Bakhchesaray and its 36 villages were in-
fluenced most of all.
6
As far as we can judge Urums from Giresun, Trabzon, Rize and Ordu being Orthodox Christians were speaking
Turkic language.
7
The reason of Urums’ migrations from Iran and the North-East Anatolia still remains unknown.
Leaving Crimea for Preazovye Urums and Rumeys were given parcels with different soils. Having no expe-
rience in farming these people were forced to lead wrong way of life.
According to historical sources number of Urums and Rumeys inhabiting Crimea in 1780’s differs greatly. The
statistics is supposed to be fixed long after these peoples left the peninsula or even from words of the elder people.
So their was a great chance of using memories but not facts.
Preazovya and Georgia Tselka region peoples called themselves Grek were using “Rumey” and “Urumi” ethnic
names and consequently such derivatives as “urmeyka”, “rumeysa”, “rumeyus” and “urumeyus”. Then they called
themselves “greko-elens” and “ greko-tatars”. Urums from Tselka region used to call themselves “ponti” or
“pontiyah”.
“Rum” and “Urum” words are sure to be wrongly used among the Anatolian people.
Being empire Byzantine included various peoples. Calling all the people represented in Byzantine or Rome
Empire as “Rum” or “Urum” is as wrong as considering all the peoples of the Ottoman Empire to be the only nation.
We can see some notes on the pages of book called “ Sudakskiy Sinaksar” informing us about the appearance of
new male and female Tatar names connected with their convert to Christianity. It should be stressed that historians
gave one common name “Tatars” to all Turkic tribes. Here are some examples of name shown in Sinaksar : Açipay
kızı Anna, Çimen oğlu Samaka, Papaz Koltan, relative of Tanrıkulu Oranç Yağmurçuk oğlu Çimen, grandchild of
respectful Alupsun child of dear Stefan Tohtemir, Tanrıkulu Kutluts, Tanrıkulu Alaçu, Samak beyeefendi oğlu
Beyefendi Konstantin, Makariya Akufun okur oğlu Tokta, Dimitri Çoçak’ın kızı Tanrıkulu İkugaç, Tatar İoann,
Parak lakaplı Paraskeva Hutlupey’ in oğlu Peter and oth.
8
By the way while analyzing “Malgazi” or “Cafer” Georgia Urums’ names we can find out information about
their routes. Especially, if we take such Urum and Rumey surnames as Çepni, Tohtamış, Kör, Çocuk, Ataman,
Alyanah, Bayraktar, Başkiser, Beyata, Bacah, Çogan, Çora, Çubar, Hortahay, Hangeldi, Halaycı, Honahbay,
Karamurza, Murza, Kurban, Kuman, Kardaş, Karangu, Manguş, Oğuzov, Özbek, Papuş, Melikoğlu, Sipahi,
Yangıçer, Yurdaman.
9
A lot of scientists worked over Priazovye people. Some of them are Ilminsky, Juha, Serafimov, Kuzminkov,
Garkavets, Ponamoreva, Murzakevich, Markevich, Kandaraki, Nemeth, Sokolov, Eckman, Chernisheva, Blau and
oth.
1
Ivan Juha, Odisseya Mariupolskih Grekov, Vologda 1993, 157.
2
Serau Shapshal, Karaimy i Chufutkale v Krymu. Kratkiy Ocherk, prep.: Y. Palkanov, ?, 2nd note.
3
. Altinkaynak, Urumlar, Turk Dunyasi Tarih dergisi, 201, IX, 2003, 30-33.
4
. Irina Panamerova, Mariupolski Greki Istoriki- Etnograficheskiy Obzor, Mariupol, 2002, 16.
5
. Turkce Sozluk, TDK, II, Ankara 1998.
6
. K.A. Vernara, Sbornik Statisticheskih Svedeniy po Tavricheskoy Gubernii, IX, Simferopol 1889.
7
. Mehmet Fatsa, Giresun’da Kirsalin Sosyal Tarihi, Giresun2002, p.17-35
8
. A.I. Palkanov, Krymskiye Karaimy, paris 1995, 130-133.
9
. N. Tokiy, Hronos, Mariupol 2002-2003, various issues.
Dialects of Urums came from Anatolia coincide with Kars and Erzurum dialects. Dialect of Crimean Urums is
similar with the Crimean Tatar language. Some Crimean Tatar scientists use folklore elements as evidence of
Urums’ being Christian Tatars.
10
Our scientific investigations were held in Donetsk, Zaparojye, Dniyepropetrovsk region Mariupol, Besheva
(Starobesheva), Mangush, Kermenchik, Bagatyr, Ulakly, Karan( Granitne ), Laspi, Kamar, Gurju, Karakuba, Eski
Kyrym, Andriyivka, Telmanova, Granit, Anatolia.
Urums have much in common with garment culture and ethnography of Anatolia. Founded 7 folklore groups
sing their native songs and show national dances. It’s a kind of protest in order not to vanish and to leave cultural in
heritage for future generations. Unfortunately, figures and poses in national dances were influenced by modern
tendencies, so they are considered not to be the origin one.
Motives and song words are similar to Anatolian and Crimean cultures. We can also see such Turkic ethnog-
raphy elements as “balta, tokaç, sandık, bardak, sofra, dügeç, kürek, gömlek, yüzbezi, fırın, güzgü” and variants of
folk fairy-tails very close to Anatolian epics (Aşık Garip, Hurşit and Mahmiri, Arzu and Kamber, Tahir and Zühre,
Korpeç Kızı). One of the most important Oguzs epic stories is sure to be Köroğlu, wide spread in Anatolia,
Azerbayjan, Turkmenia.We have visited at least 4 villages where Köroğlu story is known.
There is still a tradition to arrange performance during marriage ceremonies in Eski Kyrym and village of
Bagatyr. A group of women puts on men’s clothes at the same time men are putting on theirs, start to dance, making
shows. We have the same tradition in Anatolian festive occasions, with the only difference- women and men do not
gather together, they are entertaining apart.
Here are some of Urums riddles. These riddles pass in Crimean Tatar, Karay, Kyrymchak, Gagavuz, Gregorian
Kypchaks and also ın Anatolian, Azerbayjan and other Turkic cultures.
Usage of riddles is known from the ancient times. İt became even habit of Padishahs.
There are some rules of asking and answering riddles. Those who ask riddles can demand some moral award.
Either those who haven’t chosen the riddle are to do some work. It used to be spread between Urums, but isn’t much
known nowadays.
To think and to find the answer to the riddles is like mental gymnastics. There is a wide range of topics shown in
these riddles. Such as drinks, food, garment, geographical names, plants, animals, anatomy, religion, professions,
house utensils. Some of them are written in verses, the same tradition exists in proverbs.
Kinds of the Turkish literature including proverbs are called muamma or lugaz. Muamma is a kind of romantic
dialogues between Ashyks, people’s love poets.
Ashyks ask their riddles and giving awards. İt can be some money award or present. Those wo haven’t chosen
riddles should add some money to this award. This tradition became an integral part of coffee-pubs life in 19. and
20. centuries.
Finding out right answer to this or that riddle was moderated by members of jury.
Here are 22 Urums riddles.We have shown variants also, and the answers right under the riddle text, noted
regions where they were used. We should stress that these riddles are only a small part of Urums cultural inheritage.
We do hope to arouse interest of scientists for urums history and literature.
BİLMECELER / TAPMACALAR
Biz biz bizidik / A biz edik biz edik
Otuz eti hız edik / Otuz eti hız edik
Bir tahtağa cıyıldıh/ Bir tahtaya tizildik
Sabağaerek coyulıh/ Sabadan da çezildik (Dişler)
11
Yedi teşikli tohmah
Anı bılmegen ahmah
(baş)
12
Eti setiz bir tohuz
Üç yigirmi bir otus
Kaç boliy
(115)
13
Avlahtan kordim al
Yahında bardım mal
Avuçladım almağa
10
. Aleksandr Garkavets, Urumy Nadazovya, Almaata 1999.
11
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri,
Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan, Romanya.
12
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri,
Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan.
13
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar,
Kırımçak, Bulgaristan.
Avuçum toldu han
(Vişne)
14
Bugün bar yarın yoh
Yarın da osa fayda yoh
(Para)
15
Alaman ayah
Altın tayah
Jın jın etey
Jınga konay
(Balkurt : Arı)
16
Deve üyünden töşek
Onu bilmegen eşek
(Tiyis: post)
17
Yırahtan korem appaçıh
Yanna barım şabhaçık
(Mantar)
18
Ahşam da açay
Sabada açay
Anası öley
Evden haçay
(Yıldızlar)
19
Yırahtan korem hara hara
Yanına barım para para
(At boku)
20
Kök güdürdey
Gögem çatlay
Haz inildey
İnci tökey
(Jeldermen:Yel değirmeni)
21
Ben titiyim o titiy
Ögüme dıngıl dıngıl etiy
(Sakal)
22
Op oturuy top oturuy
Köpekten horhup oturuy
(Bok)
23
Pencereye oymah
14
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan,Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar,
Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan.
15
. Azerbaycan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, .
16
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar,
Kırımçak, Batı Trakya..
17
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri,
Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan.
18
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar,
Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan, Romanya.
19
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri,
Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan, Romanya.
20
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar,
Kırımçak.
21
. Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak.
22
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri,
Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan, Romanya.
23
. Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak.
Tarelkaya haymah
İç olur mu
(Doymak)
24
Uzahtan bahtım mal
Yanına vardım bal
Uzattım elimi almaya
Toldu avuçum han
(Tut)
25
Upuzun gölgem yoh
(Yol)
26
Hara hayış yan be yatır
Halhar öper yine yatır
(Makas)
27
Hırmızı hızcık / Hırmızı hızçık
Kötüne çubucuk / Kötüne tayacık
(Vişne)
28
Allı pullu
Kötü hıllı
(Soğan)
29
Narat ağaç oyayım
İçine mane koyayım
Türkü mani yalan sölese
Hulacığın burayım
(Temene : Keman)
30
Hatı hatlama tibik
Ahtır yımırta tibik
Haynay harınca tibik
(Kitap)
31
Ne hadar onan alıysın
O hadar daa artay
(Çukur)
32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aleksandr Garkavets, Urumi Nadazovya, Almaata 1999.
Aleksandr İvanoviç Palkanav, Krımskiy Karaimi, Paris 1995.
Ali Berat Alptekin, Kazak Türklerinin Bilmecelerinden Örnekler, 50. Kültür ve Sanat Yılında Dr. Mehmet Önder’e
Armağan (Milli Kültür Araştırmaları), Ankara, 1996.
Erdoğan Altınkaynak, Urumlar, Türk Dünyası Tarih Dergisi, 201,IX, 2003.
Feridun Tekin, Özbek Bilmecelerinden Örnekler, Türk Dünyası Dil ve
Edebiyatı Dergisi, 16 Ankara 2003.
Harun Güngör – Mustafa Argunşah, Gagavuz Türkleri, Tarih-Dil-Folklor ve Halk Edebiyatı, Ankara 1991.
İlhan Başgöz, Türk Bilmeceleri I, II, Ankara 1993
24
. Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak.
25
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan,Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Tatar, Bulgaristan.
26
. Özbekistan, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak,.
27
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar,
Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan, Romanya.
28
. Türkiye, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Bulgaristan.
29
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kazakistan, Türkmenistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri,
Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan.
30
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Özbekistan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar,
Kırımçak, Batı Trakya, Bulgaristan.
31
. Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak, Bulgaristan.
32
. Gagavuz Yeri, Kırım Karay, Kırım Tatar, Kırımçak.
İrina Panamerova, Mariupolski Greki İstoriku – Etnografiçeskiy Abzor, Basılmamış Doktora tezi, Mariupol
2003.
İvan Cuha, Odissea Mariupolskiy Grekov, Vologda 1993.
K. A. Vernara, Sbornik Statiçeskih Svedeniye Po Tavriçeskih Gubernih, IX, Simferopol 1889.
Mehmet Fatsa, Giresun’da Kırsal’ın Sosyal Tarihi, Giresun 2002.
Özbek Tapışmaqları, Taşkent, 1991.
Saim Sakaoğlu-Ali Berat Alptekin – Esma Şimşek, Azerbaycan Tapmacaları / Bilmeceleri, Elazığ 1992.
Seraya Şapşal, Karaimı i Çufutkale v Krımu. Kratkiy Oçerk, Haz: Y. Palkanov. (?)
Şükrü Elçin, Halk Edebiyatına Giriş, Ankara 1991.
Türkçe Sözlük, TDK C.II, Ankara 1998
Zarema trasimova- Şevket Asanov – Ablaziz Veliyev, Tapmacalar, Taşkent, 1988.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-76327 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-0808 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:23:28Z |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publisher | Кримський науковий центр НАН України і МОН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Dr. Erdogan Altinnkaynak 2015-02-09T18:53:47Z 2015-02-09T18:53:47Z 2003 Urums and their riddles / Dr. Erdogan Altinnkaynak // Культура народов Причерноморья. — 2003. — № 46. — С. 202-205. — Бібліогр.: 32 назв. — англ. 1562-0808 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/76327 Нужно заметить, что наблюдается очень много сходств в фольклоре Урумов, которые в 1780 году, покинув территорию Крыма, заселили Приазовье, с фольклором тюркских народов Крыма, России, Анатолии и других народов всего тюркского мира. Цель этой статьи – показать, на сколько схожи, а может быть и одинаковы, загадки Урумов и тюрков. В статье даны примеры загадок на урумском языке и ссылка, где указаны варианты этих же загадок, используемых другими тюркскими народами. en Кримський науковий центр НАН України і МОН України Культура народов Причерноморья Публикации иностранных авторов Urums and their riddles Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Urums and their riddles Dr. Erdogan Altinnkaynak Публикации иностранных авторов |
| title | Urums and their riddles |
| title_full | Urums and their riddles |
| title_fullStr | Urums and their riddles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urums and their riddles |
| title_short | Urums and their riddles |
| title_sort | urums and their riddles |
| topic | Публикации иностранных авторов |
| topic_facet | Публикации иностранных авторов |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/76327 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT drerdoganaltinnkaynak urumsandtheirriddles |