Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter
In this work the possibilities of the use of the high-current discharges of Plasma Focus type for the investigation of
 the effect of plasma on the materials are discussed. From this point of view the properties of plasma streams and ion
 beams arising in the PF discharges are studie...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Datum: | 2002 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2002
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| Zitieren: | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter / L.I. Ivanov, A.I. Dedyurin, I.V. Borovitskaya, O.N. Krokhin, V.Ya. Nikulin, S.N. Polukhin, A.A. Tikhomirov, A.S. Fedotov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 5. — С. 83-85. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860072465856724992 |
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| author | Ivanov, L.I. Dedyurin, A.I. Borovitskaya, I.V. Krokhin, O.N. Nikulin, V.Ya. Polukhin, S.N. Tikhomirov, A.A. Fedotov, A.S. |
| author_facet | Ivanov, L.I. Dedyurin, A.I. Borovitskaya, I.V. Krokhin, O.N. Nikulin, V.Ya. Polukhin, S.N. Tikhomirov, A.A. Fedotov, A.S. |
| citation_txt | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter / L.I. Ivanov, A.I. Dedyurin, I.V. Borovitskaya, O.N. Krokhin, V.Ya. Nikulin, S.N. Polukhin, A.A. Tikhomirov, A.S. Fedotov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 5. — С. 83-85. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | In this work the possibilities of the use of the high-current discharges of Plasma Focus type for the investigation of
the effect of plasma on the materials are discussed. From this point of view the properties of plasma streams and ion
beams arising in the PF discharges are studied. Here, as an example of an application of the Plasma Focus device (PF),
we studied the influence on Vanadium (perspective material in nuclear power engineering) a cumulative streams
producing in the PF
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:11:13Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
PLASMA FOCUS INSTALLATION AS A TOOL FOR THE STUDY OF
THE INTERACTION OF HIGH POWER PLASMA STREAMS
WITH CONDENSED MATTER
L.I. Ivanov1, A.I. Dedyurin1, I.V. Borovitskaya1, O.N. Krokhin2,
V.Ya. Nikulin2, S.N. Polukhin2, A.A. Tikhomirov2, A.S. Fedotov3
1 A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy of Russian Academy of Sciences;
2P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences;
3 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
In this work the possibilities of the use of the high-current discharges of Plasma Focus type for the investigation of
the effect of plasma on the materials are discussed. From this point of view the properties of plasma streams and ion
beams arising in the PF discharges are studied. Here, as an example of an application of the Plasma Focus device (PF),
we studied the influence on Vanadium (perspective material in nuclear power engineering) a cumulative streams
producing in the PF.
PACS: 52.40.Hf; 52.58.Lq
THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
In the experiment high-temperature deuterium plasma
streams was created on the experimental Plasma Focus
Installation Tulip at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute.
Maximum energy of plasma focus pulse was 4.0 kJ, with a
current at 400 kA (Figures 1,2).
Fig. 1. The experimental setup
Speed of the axial deuterium plasma flow was 2-4·107
cm/s with plasma density at 1018 cm-3 (Figure 3). Time
duration of the deuterium plasma pulse did not exceed
100 ns, which corresponds with the experimental values
of the time period of plasma disruption in the
thermonuclear reactor with the magnetic plasma
confinement. Imitation research of changes in physical-
mechanical characteristics of Vanadium was done with 10
pulses of plasma. Time interval between pulses was 3
minutes. According to the calculations and direct
measurement method, the temperature on the reverse side
of samples did not exceed 600 oC.
The electropolished flat samples of pure Vanadium
were used in the experiment. The thickness of samples
varied from 0.29 to 0.55 mm. The samples were placed at
a specified distance away from the anode of the
installation Plasma Focus. Maximum power sent to the
sample in single pulse did not exceed 108 W/cm2.
Fig. 2. The scheme of the experiment
Fig. 3. MCP pictures of plasma focus in visible light
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The experiments show that central bend of the sample
surface with the plasma action to the samples, depending
on their thickness, is observed. For example, with the
thickness of Vanadium sample at 0.29 mm and the
diameter of the plasma pinch at 11 mm, the bend in the
Vanadium sample was 0.29 mm. The sample with the
thickness of 0.55 mm was bent by 0.18 mm. In both cases,
the samples were placed 10 mm away from the anode.
Figure 4 shows the surface of the Vanadium sample with
the width of 0.29 mm after it was irradiated. One can see
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2002. № 5. Series: Plasma Physics (8). P. 83-85 83
the formation of stretched crests, which form the so-called
periodic running waves of deformation. They are
especially clear in the peripheral part of the sample. The
crests are chaotic with their shapes changed in the central
part of the sample.
Such distribution in the visible surface disturbances
show that the intensity of plasma streams in the Plasma
Focus installation is irregular. It is greater in the center
[1]. Due to the spread of the periodic waves of
deformation, the thickening of the edges of the sample has
occurred. The Vanadium sample with the original
thickness of 0.29 mm originated the thickening of 0.09
mm. This shows, that parts of the material in the sample
shifted from the center to the periphery under the action of
deformation waves.
Physical model of appearance and distribution of
periodic running waves of deformation and dissipation of
these waves with real crystal-like structure are discussed
in works [2] and [3]. Deformation of Vanadium by the
running deformation waves leads to significant changes in
the structure of the outer layers: bands of slips appear in
grains of poly-crystallized Vanadium and grain-
boundaries have a stair-case structure (Figure 5). Also,
deep extended cracks also appear (Figure 6), which are
not characteristic to the non-deformed materials.
Multitude of small-size extractions and large individual
circular particles are also seen on the sample surface.
Besides, according to the scanner tunnel microscopy,
on the surface of grains the directed wave-like structures
are also formed. In which, the extraction of sphere
particles, the size of some of these particles does not
exceed 200 Å, are observed (Figure 7). In accordance
with a diagram of the state of Vanadium-Deuterium [4],
deuterium with up to 40 at.% creates interstitial solid
solutions with Vanadium, in which δ-phase of Vanadium
deuteride is present. With the increase of deuterium
concentration in solid solution the concentration of δ-
phase increases. Based on this data, one can conclude that
the observed extractions belong to hydride formations of
Vanadium.
It is interesting to evaluate the depth of diffusive
penetration of deuterium into Vanadium in typical
isothermal conditions with a temperature at 900 Kº during
one pulse of 100 ns. Diffusion coefficient of deuterium
under the chosen temperature is taken from work [5] and
equals 1.5·10-4 cm2/s. From this, the depth of deuterium
penetration Dtx = during one pulse will not exceed
0.1 µm. Point defects (vacancies and interstitial atoms)
appear and the dislocation structure of the material is
changed. This takes effect under multiple irradiation of
the sample (10 impulses with 3 minute interval), because
of the dissipation of shock waves that pass through poly-
crystallized structure. This can considerably effect the
value of the depth of deuterium penetration into samples
[6, 7]. One can make such decisions based on the values
of micro-hardness of the irradiation and non-irradiated
samples of vanadium (load P=50g). Thus, micro-hardness
of Vanadium samples with thickness of 0.29 mm under
the impulse irradiation at a distance of 10 mm from the
anode, on the irradiated and non-irradiated side, equals
219 and 210 kg/mm2 accordingly; micro-hardness of the
original Vanadium sample was 105 kg/mm2. These
changes in micro-hardness, depending on the original
thickness of samples correlates with the observed bending
of samples. The bend of a “thick” sample was 1.6 times
smaller that that of a “thin” one.
From this one can conclude, shock waves that appear
due to the impulse action of deuterium plasma on the
surface on Vanadium lead to plastic deformation of the
samples and stimulate the extra-deep in comparison with
penetration of deuterium into the samples in comparison
with that of the thermal diffusion. As a result of this,
Vanadium becomes fragile, fractures (cracks) appear on
the surface layers, and hardness is significantly increased.
Fig. 4. The structure of the surface of sample of
Vanadium after the influence by pulse of deuterium
plasma. The thickness of the sample is 0.29 mm. The size
of the influence area is 11 x 7 mm
(a)
(b)
Fig. 5. a -The center of the Vanadium sample with
thickness of 0.55 mm. The irradiation by plasma at the
distance 10 mm from the anode of Plasma Focus. b –
The center of the Vanadium sample with thickness of 0.55
mm. The irradiation by plasma at the distance 32 mm
from the anode of Plasma Focus. The cracks appearance
is seen
84
Fig. 6. The scanning tunnel microscopy of the center of
Vanadium sample with thickness 0.29 mm. The
irradiation of the sample was done by pulse of deuterium
plasma at the distance 10 mm from anode of Plasma
Focus. Size of the area 1.2 x 1.2 µm
Fig. 7. The structure of the opposite side of Vanadium
sample with thickness 0.32 mm after the influence of 10
pulses of deuterium plasma. The sample was placed at
32 mm from the anode. Magnification is 440
This conclusion is supported by the work [8] in which
found that the saturation of Vanadium with hydrogen in
the isothermal conditions with concentration up to 33 at.%
cause an increase of hardness up to 240 kg/mm2. It worth
to point, that the work [7] experimentally shows that
structural defects created by shock waves have irregular
volume distribution. This could lead to a significant
concentrated irregularity in distribution of deuterium in
Vanadium. As a result, Vanadium deuteride will be
distributed irregularly in the studied samples.
Finally, we would like to note an interesting fact that
was observed during the our experiment: exit of shock
waves of compression on the non-irradiated surface of
vanadium and the occurrence of unloading waves lead to
the exposure of structure of non-irradiated surface (Figure
5), i.e. the effect of cumulated etching of the surface is
observed.
CONCLUSIONS
The effect of extra-deep penetration of deuterium is
observed when the pulse action of deuterium plasma with
energy level of up to 4 kJ and the pulse duration of 100
ns. As a result, Vanadium becomes considerably more
fragile.
Surface morphology of Vanadium, with the pulse
action of deuterium plasma, is formed by the propagation
from the center of the action to the periphery of periodic
running deformation waves, which cause the displacement
of the material.
The formation of a microwave-oriented structure is
observed on the surface of grains of the poly-crystallized
Vanadium under the pulse action of deuterium plasma.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful for the support of the work to Ministry of
Industry, Science and Technology (contract #
40.006.1.1.1129), Center of Integration (project # Б0049).
REFERENCES
1. Gurei A.E., Krokhin O.N., Nikulin V.Ya.,
Polukhin S.N., Tikhomirov A.A.,. Safronova
T.V, and Volobuev I.V., “Investigation of
cumulative flows in plasma focus” in “Plasma
2001”, Conference Proceedings. of the Int.
Symp., Warsaw, Poland, 19-21 Sept., 2001.
2. Mirzoev F., Shelepin L., Nonlinear Deformation
Waves and Density of Defects in Metallic Plates
with the Outer Flows of Energy Action. Journal
of Theoretical Physics. Issue 7. P. 1-9. 2001.
3. Ivanov L.I., Litvinova N.A., Yanushevich V.A.,
Problems of strengh 6, pp. 99-101, 1978.
4. Diagrams of state of double metallic systems,
Publisher, Mashinostroenie, v.2, p. 1023, 1991.
5. Volkl J., Alefeld G., Applied Physics 28. P. 321.
Springer. Berline. 1978
6. Yanushevich V.A., Physics and Chemistry of
material treatment 2, pp. 47-51, 1979.
7. Ivanov L.I., Litvinova N.A., Yanushevich V.A.,
Physics and Chemistry of material treatment 2,
pp. 3-6, 1976.
8. Antonova M.M., Properties of Hydrides of
Metals. Reference book, Publisher, Naukova
dumka, Kiev, p.93, 1975.
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2002. № 5. Series: Plasma Physics (8). P. 83-85 85
The experimental setup
Results and discussions
Conclusions
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful for the support of the work to Ministry of Industry, Science and Technology (contract # 40.006.1.1.1129), Center of Integration (project # Б0049).
References
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-77889 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:11:13Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Ivanov, L.I. Dedyurin, A.I. Borovitskaya, I.V. Krokhin, O.N. Nikulin, V.Ya. Polukhin, S.N. Tikhomirov, A.A. Fedotov, A.S. 2015-03-08T21:19:56Z 2015-03-08T21:19:56Z 2002 Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter / L.I. Ivanov, A.I. Dedyurin, I.V. Borovitskaya, O.N. Krokhin, V.Ya. Nikulin, S.N. Polukhin, A.A. Tikhomirov, A.S. Fedotov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 5. — С. 83-85. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.40.Hf; 52.58.Lq https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/77889 In this work the possibilities of the use of the high-current discharges of Plasma Focus type for the investigation of
 the effect of plasma on the materials are discussed. From this point of view the properties of plasma streams and ion
 beams arising in the PF discharges are studied. Here, as an example of an application of the Plasma Focus device (PF),
 we studied the influence on Vanadium (perspective material in nuclear power engineering) a cumulative streams
 producing in the PF We are grateful for the support of the work to Ministry of
 Industry, Science and Technology (contract #
 40.006.1.1.1129), Center of Integration (project # Б0049). en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter Ivanov, L.I. Dedyurin, A.I. Borovitskaya, I.V. Krokhin, O.N. Nikulin, V.Ya. Polukhin, S.N. Tikhomirov, A.A. Fedotov, A.S. Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction |
| title | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter |
| title_full | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter |
| title_fullStr | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter |
| title_short | Plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter |
| title_sort | plasma focus installation as a tool for the study of the interaction of high power plasma streams with condensed matter |
| topic | Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction |
| topic_facet | Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/77889 |
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