Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum
This research investigates the problem of adapting engineering military installations to the conditions of their use for certain utilitarian function in modern society. An analysis and shows the importance and influence of functioning of the engineering military installations of the museum demons...
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| Дата: | 2014 |
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Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і Українського товариства охорони пам’яток історії та культури
2014
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| Назва видання: | Питання історії науки і техніки |
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| Цитувати: | Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum / V.V. Mashtalir // Питання історії науки і техніки. — 2014. — № 1. — С. 48-53. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-780282025-02-09T22:05:31Z Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum Инженерные военные объекты в развитии военно-исторических музеев Mashtalir, V.V. Пам’ятки історії та культури This research investigates the problem of adapting engineering military installations to the conditions of their use for certain utilitarian function in modern society. An analysis and shows the importance and influence of functioning of the engineering military installations of the museum demonstration at the military historical museums. В роботі досліджено проблему пристосування інженерних військових об’єктів до умов використання їх для певних утилітарних функцій в сучасному суспільстві. Проведено аналіз та показано велике значення і вплив функціонування інженерних військових споруд музейного показу на роботу військово-історичних музеїв. В работе исследована проблема приспособления инженерных военных объектов к условиям использования их для определенных утилитарных функций в современном обществе. Проведен анализ и показано большое значение и влияние функционирования инженерных военных сооружений музейного показа на работу военно-исторических музеев. 2014 Article Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum / V.V. Mashtalir // Питання історії науки і техніки. — 2014. — № 1. — С. 48-53. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 2077-9496 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78028 069.5(477.64)«654»:902.034 en Питання історії науки і техніки application/pdf Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і Українського товариства охорони пам’яток історії та культури |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Пам’ятки історії та культури Пам’ятки історії та культури |
| spellingShingle |
Пам’ятки історії та культури Пам’ятки історії та культури Mashtalir, V.V. Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum Питання історії науки і техніки |
| description |
This research investigates the problem of adapting engineering military
installations to the conditions of their use for certain utilitarian function in modern society. An
analysis and shows the importance and influence of functioning of the engineering military installations
of the museum demonstration at the military historical museums. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Mashtalir, V.V. |
| author_facet |
Mashtalir, V.V. |
| author_sort |
Mashtalir, V.V. |
| title |
Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum |
| title_short |
Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum |
| title_full |
Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum |
| title_fullStr |
Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum |
| title_sort |
engineers military objects in the development of military-historical museum |
| publisher |
Центр пам’яткознавства НАН України і Українського товариства охорони пам’яток історії та культури |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| topic_facet |
Пам’ятки історії та культури |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78028 |
| citation_txt |
Engineers military objects in the Development of military-historical museum / V.V. Mashtalir // Питання історії науки і техніки. — 2014. — № 1. — С. 48-53. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Питання історії науки і техніки |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT mashtalirvv engineersmilitaryobjectsinthedevelopmentofmilitaryhistoricalmuseum AT mashtalirvv inženernyevoennyeobʺektyvrazvitiivoennoistoričeskihmuzeev |
| first_indexed |
2025-12-01T08:00:13Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-12-01T08:00:13Z |
| _version_ |
1850292059997470720 |
| fulltext |
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 1 48
УДК 069.5(477.64)«654»:902.034
ENGINEERS MILITARY OBJECTS
IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY-HISTORICAL MUSEUM
Mashtalir V.V.
(General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine)
В роботі досліджено проблему пристосування інженерних військових об’єктів до
умов використання їх для певних утилітарних функцій в сучасному суспільстві. Прове-
дено аналіз та показано велике значення і вплив функціонування інженерних військових
споруд музейного показу на роботу військово-історичних музеїв.
Ключові слова: фортифікаційні споруди, військово-історичні музеї, пам’ятки во-
єнної історії, функціональне пристосування пам’яток, музеєфікація
A special role in enhancing the effec-
tiveness of military – historical museums
play using military engineering structures,
which are themselves military and histori-
cal sites. This formed the historical image
of the military structure, based on cogni-
tion of form, material and
structure of the military under-
stood the spiritual sense of the
past, which is able to provide
wide access to historical sites,
the possibility of visual contact
with him and his promotion.
Engineered military in-
stallations, including engineer-
ing structures such as castles
and forts, have become im-
portant destinations for tour-
ism in Ukraine. They wrap their visitors a
romantic haze of bygone times, make a
lasting impression – beckon to him like
an old, forgotten tale. Their special social
role has attracted attention of users and
researchers.
However, the problem of preserva-
tion of military and historical monuments
today in Ukraine still remains poorly de-
veloped and covered in the scientific lit-
erature. During 1920th, the museums con-
sidered the centers of science and educa-
tion of folk the masses, in the 1930s be-
came the dominant propaganda of
achievements of the new government. In
postwar times, the main activities of muse-
ums considered basic on culture-education,
political education and propaganda lines.
The more thoroughly the basics of Museol-
ogy have begun to develop since
the late 1970s - mid - 1980s,
when the museum also appears in
the lexicon, the term
«preservation» [1, p. 102-105].
Be distinguished preserva-
tion of attractions from its adap-
tation under a museum: in this
case, primarily the object of cul-
tural heritage becomes important
exhibit and preservation build-
ing usually placed only collec-
tion related to the subject of this volume '
object inheritance [2, p. 16].
The process of converting former
military facility for museum display object
is complex enough for any political sys-
tem. However, the problem is of particular
relevance preservation as one of the areas
of conservation of Monuments acquired
by the independent Ukraine. Because ur-
ban development of settlements, artistic
and aesthetic education of society, and
knowledge of their history is not possible
without the inclusion of military and his-
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 1 49
torical heritage to contemporary cultural
space of the Ukrainian, people and pro-
mote a comprehensive acquaintance with
her maximum number of visitors. Engi-
neered military facilities built for specific
military functions, but as they continue the
tradition of monuments Enlightenment
perpetuate the glorious military traditions
and respect for the past of his people.
It is important to note that at one
time in the construction of military facili-
ties – now monuments of history and cul-
ture – its purpose to perform military func-
tions (defense, strike, etc.) were formative
factor. Therefore, the appropriate use of
contemporary attractions is an important
prerequisite for the preservation and iden-
tification of its historical and cultural rich-
ness of content.
Functional adaptation of premises
monuments of history and culture, as op-
posed to the restoration should not change
its material essence, only be derived from
it, and have mostly corrective in nature.
Ably functional adaptations of military fa-
cilities not only provide him popularity
among wide public, but also is the key to
its future preservation of long-term.
Regarding the utilitarian accessories
always believed that the best is when the
monument used for its intended purpose.
However, it is clear that over time the for-
tification monuments of military history
largely lost its basic utilitarian function
and categorized as kind items. But given
the nature of their historical past, the mon-
uments of military history to ensure they
function as a museum space, objects of
museum display, exhibits a certain extent
should continue to perform a specific
function in the present conditions. Al-
though, of course, in substantially modi-
fied form as crucial to the sights of mili-
tary history remains socio-spiritual, mili-
tary, patriotic, and cognitive function
evaluation. It is clear that this function
contributes most to use these objects dur-
ing military history exhibition. As a result,
form, spiritual and historical monuments
functions dialectically interrelated and
create historical and cultural integrity of
the image of the military facility. So,
preservation objects of historical military
past provides maintenance of architectural
form and helps reveal the spiritual sense of
military and historical objects.
Considering the problem of using
modern attractions that have lost their
original function or cannot used as in-
tended, it is necessary to notice that its de-
cision should be based on the same con-
clusion about the use of the premises or
the area in general, for historical and cul-
tural development of society. But if the
current form or premises of a historic
building in the past for military use, de-
signed with creative thinking purely for
military functions and was due to the his-
torical society belligerent demands a cer-
tain day, when solving the problem of
modern functional use of historical and
cultural adaptation process will be reversi-
ble – evaluation of historic buildings or
buildings material structure to determine
the cultural and historical military and pa-
triotic functions. This methodology is the
basis for determining the process of
preservation attractions, background,
gained monument protection activities sci-
ence.
The primary condition for the use of
military and historical heritage should be
to ensure full safety of military monu-
ments, its financial structure, form and
space. That modern function should not
cause any destruction of historic buildings
or adversely affect its strength and static
stability [3, p. 97-121].
Once again it should be noted that
the process of determining the current use
of military facilities as historical and cul-
tural monuments, its preservation or func-
tional adaptation to modern conditions –
very important measure of its conserva-
tion, which based on knowledge of the
form, structure and physical realization of
spiritual content, designed to ensure full
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСИОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 1 50
disclosure of military and historical im-
ages of ancient buildings.
After analyzing the situation that ex-
ists at this stage in the protection and use
of military sites, we can confidently assert
that, despite scientific advances in the
field of restoration, some progress in the
adaptation, the problem of inclusion in
modern life is not yet fully resolved.
Overall, implementation of major tasks
preservation monuments of military his-
tory should have serious legal and practi-
cal framework in the form of appropriate
regulations and constant targeted invest-
ment from the government and interested
organizations and agencies. New items of
preservation calculated for a wide range of
visitor attractions including intensive mu-
seum space of Ukraine and cultural life of
the region [4, p. 103-171]. Thus, the prop-
er use of cultural heritage is an important
part of their protection and preservation.
However, in some cases, for example, in
respect of such a complex and multifaceted
object as Arsenal Kyiv, this approach is un-
likely to give a positive result. In terms of its
characteristics, Kyiv Arsenal should consider
the unique cultural and historical sites. How-
ever, it is his uniqueness and enormity forced
to find original solutions associated with its
use. Therefore, in this case, exceptionally, it
decided to create on its basis the great artistic,
cultural and historical complex. The results
are adapting historic premises under a variety
of exposure and other activities, given the
dominant role in determining social and spiri-
tual function of art and aesthetic, scientific
and historical aspects of historical and cultural
monuments of the content by introducing it
into a modern cultural context.
But above all military installations –
monuments of history and culture – is part
of the means of education personnel in
military and patriotic consciousness of pa-
triotism as the most important spiritual
and social values, the formation of profes-
sionally significant qualities, skills and
willingness to actively manifest itself in
various areas of society, especially in the
military training. A primary goal of educa-
tion of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and
other military formations and law en-
forcement, and civilian youth is the devel-
opment of skills, values and qualities that
implement social and public interests of
the Motherland.
Under the present conditions in the
Armed Forces of Ukraine is becoming
an increasingly important social and cul-
tural activity.
This is because the process of forma-
tion of values among the citizens of
Ukraine, who are planning or undergoing
military service for contract, occurs on a
background of conflicting political, eco-
nomic and socio- cultural environment
prevailing in the country in the last dec-
ade. This situation objectively defines the
active character design of the system of
social and cultural activities in the Armed
Forces of Ukraine, part of which is the
military museum, military museum objects
such as rooms of military glory, and their
cultural and educational activities.
Today, it contributes to the relevant
laws. In the national press, January 26,
2005 was published adopted by the Par-
liament and signed by the President of
Ukraine Law of Ukraine «On Amend-
ments to the change of Ukraine «On Pro-
tection of Cultural Heritage» [5]. It spe-
cifically defines the terms: «cultural heri-
tage», «object of cultural heritage», «real
estate asset cultural heritage», «moving
items related immovable objects of cul-
tural heritage», «monument» «cultural
Heritage», «object of cultural heritage»
and transcribed notions: of historical set-
tlements of research, conservation, preser-
vation, rehabilitation, repair, restoration,
and other concepts that relate to the field
of cultural heritage.
Anyone who is engaged in the identi-
fication, preservation, research populariza-
tion of scientific and technical monuments
heritage, primarily attracted Article 2,
«Classification of Cultural Heritage», es-
pecially the second point for the division
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСТОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 1 51
of cultural heritage objects by type for dif-
ferent category. For the first years of exis-
tence of the Ukrainian SSR and sovereign
Ukraine at this point made «objects of sci-
ence and technology – unique industrial,
commercial, scientific, industrial, engi-
neering, engineering vehicles, mining fa-
cilities, which determine the level of sci-
ence and technology of a certain age, spe-
cific research areas or industries» [5].
Sights of Science and Technology finally
got a legitimate legal status, they are in-
cluding the appointment of military ob-
jects recognized component of the national
cultural heritage and they will now attract
more attention than the public, scientists,
ethnographers, museologists and civil ser-
vants of all ranks [6, p. 49-53].
With regard to such important terms
as «preservation», his interpretation is giv-
en in Article 1 «Definitions» of the Law of
Ukraine «On Protection of Cultural Heri-
tage», namely preservation – a set of evi-
dence-based measures to bring cultural her-
itage sites in the state, suitable for sightsee-
ing visits [5]. The process of preservation
of fortification monuments differs from a
simple adaptation of the museum so that
preservation building usually placed collec-
tions, which are related to the subject of the
heritage sites, in addition, the object be-
comes important exhibit [7, p.15].
For this fixed which for many years was
in operation, subject to the process of valori-
zation, it set of specific actions related to the
transformations that are designed to return the
object of his inheritance value (value as archi-
tectural and artistic and operational).
Exactly preservation – is the most
common technique on valorization of cul-
tural heritage, including monuments of
science and technology.
The latter can occur in three main ar-
eas, namely:
- an object changes its heritage in the
museum original function without changing
the subject of protection – a museum pre-
serving the defining technological or scien-
tific and technical component of the facility;
- the object inheritance modifies its
original function to change the subject of
the museum guard – a museum associated
with the other sections of exposition;
- the object inheritance itself be-
comes a museum piece in the general ex-
posure of a certain landmark or historical
and cultural landscape [8, p. 330-331].
In our case, the valorization of former
military installations for the purpose preserva-
tion occurs mainly on the first and third lines.
The primary task of preservation is
considering proposals to develop the con-
ceptual preservation – identifying key ar-
eas of adjustment facility during the expo-
sition function under the relevant articles
of the Law of Ukraine «On Museums and
Museum Affairs».
Implementation of cultural functions
military museum by using exposure and
exhibition work to spread and popularize
the knowledge of the military history of
our country and its armed forces, military
facilities as monuments of history and cul-
ture as well as education of patriotism and
the formation of historical consciousness.
The process of creating a multi-faceted ex-
posure. It has a certain consistency and prin-
ciples. Methodically correctly and meaning-
fully organized display of military museum
has a great emotional impact on visitors.
And preservation military facilities as the
main carriers of the military history of
Ukraine, to play a leading role in shaping
historical consciousness of the people, the
patriotic education of the youth of our coun-
try in general and soldiers in particular.
It is known that any movable or im-
movable thing, even if it is vividly demon-
strates the development of scientific
knowledge and technological advances,
not immediately become a monument or
museum piece. Overall, the preservation
of fixed sights should take steps similar to
preservation movable monuments, namely
the identification, study, preservation, ex-
hibition museum interpretation and further
use as a museum displaying objects.
ПАМ’ЯТКИ ІСИОРІІ ТА КУЛЬТУРИ
ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІІ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ 2014 № 1 52
Methods of studying the exhibits are
attribution, classification, interpretation
and description.
In the process of attribution is made
general description of the object – mate-
rial, technique, style, time and author of
creation. Thus, the fixed decrypted and
signs tags, stamps, labels and more. Dur-
ing the classification and systematization
of the comparative analysis of the charac-
teristic features of other similar origin,
time and purpose of the object. So too
common and distinctive features specific
to this object, its unique features.
Interpretation of the object – a review
of it as a source of knowledge, information
and emotions – is to restore the history of its
existence. It allows you to understand the
museum and cultural value of monuments.
Just like any exhibits, interesting fortifica-
tions, in terms of Museology, has several
meanings – cultural, historical, memorial.
Displaying all of these parties will largely
determine the profile of the museum, which
in turn will affect the actualization of prop-
erty monuments [8, p. 331-332].
Among the numerous challenges, one
of the most important for an independent
Ukraine in the field of humanitarian policy
is to accede to international regulations,
including those relating to the protection
of cultural and natural heritage. Recogniz-
ing the commonality of human values
embodied in works of architecture and
built heritage, Ukraine seeks to integrate
efforts to preserve them for future genera-
tions. In our country remained excellent
examples of national creative genius.
There is a strong national school of spe-
cialists in the field of protection of monu-
ments, renovation, architectural history
and art history [9, p. 37-41].
Now Ukraine, with a strong potential,
takes its rightful place among the interna-
tional community and feels great responsi-
bility for the preservation of cultural heri-
tage. Leading role in the global monument
protection activity plays in the structure of
the UNESCO International Council for the
Protection of Monuments and places of in-
terest – ICOMOS, which brings together
more than 90 countries, including Ukraine.
The work of the International Coun-
cil based on the principles laid down by
the International Charter for the Protection
and Restoration of Monuments and Sites
(the Venice Charter 1964), which focused
on work in the conservation and protection
of cultural heritage and helps to improve
standards and research methods for each
type of cultural heritage objects: buildings,
historic cities, cultural landscape and ar-
chaeological sites [10, p. 69-71].
Thus, use of fortified sites, analysis of
military history museums Armed Forces of
Ukraine indicate the growing influence of
the military engineering museum objects
and related entities to improve the moral
and psychological climate of military col-
lectives, military training, the younger gen-
eration of young martial traditions of
Ukrainian troops, as well as augmenting
and maintaining national military and patri-
otic heritage. The most important role of
the military museums, like all military and
historical sites, is that they are contributing
to the glorious traditions of the military
forces, patriotic education of citizens, espe-
cially young people, to increase cultural
and educational level of the military as well
as other categories of Ukraine.
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Машталир В.В. Инженерные военные объекты в развитии военно-
исторических музеев. В работе исследована проблема приспособления инженерных
военных объектов к условиям использования их для определенных утилитарных функ-
ций в современном обществе. Проведен анализ и показано большое значение и влияние
функционирования инженерных военных сооружений музейного показа на работу воен-
но-исторических музеев.
Ключевые слова: фортификационные сооружения, военно-исторические музеи, па-
мятники военной истории, функциональное приспособление памятников, музеефикация
Mashtalir V.V. Engineering military objectives are in development of military-
historical museums. This research investigates the problem of adapting engineering military
installations to the conditions of their use for certain utilitarian function in modern society. An
analysis and shows the importance and influence of functioning of the engineering military in-
stallations of the museum demonstration at the military historical museums.
Keywords: fortifications, military-historical museums, monuments of military history,
monuments functional device, museumification
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