New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage
The paper describes new electric circuits of multi-cascade generators based on stepped lines. The distinction of the presented circuits consists in initial storage of energy in electric and magnetic fields simultaneously. The circuit of each generator, relations of impedances, values of initial curr...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Дата: | 2001 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2001
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| Цитувати: | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage / V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 36-38. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859938073852248064 |
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| author | Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. |
| author_facet | Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. |
| citation_txt | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage / V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 36-38. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The paper describes new electric circuits of multi-cascade generators based on stepped lines. The distinction of the presented circuits consists in initial storage of energy in electric and magnetic fields simultaneously. The circuit of each generator, relations of impedances, values of initial current and charge voltages are selected in such a manner that the whole of initially stored energy is concentrated at the generator output as a result of transient wave processes. In ideal case the energy is transferred with 100% efficiency to the resistive load where a rectangular voltage pulse is formed, whose duration is equals to the double electrical length of the individual cascade. At the same time there is realized a several time increase of output voltage as compared to the charge voltage of the generator. The use of the circuits proposed makes it possible to ensure a several time increase (as compared to the selection of the number of cascades) of the generator energy storage, pulse current and output electric power.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:10:07Z |
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NEW CIRCUITS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSE GENERATORS
WITH INDUCTIVE-CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE
V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov
Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russia Scientific Research
Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF)
607188, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod region, Mira Prospekt 37, Russia
E-mail: gordeev@expd.vniief.ru
The paper describes new electric circuits of multi-cascade generators based on stepped lines. The distinction of the
presented circuits consists in initial storage of energy in electric and magnetic fields simultaneously. The circuit of
each generator, relations of impedances, values of initial current and charge voltages are selected in such a manner
that the whole of initially stored energy is concentrated at the generator output as a result of transient wave process-
es. In ideal case the energy is transferred with 100% efficiency to the resistive load where a rectangular voltage
pulse is formed, whose duration is equals to the double electrical length of the individual cascade. At the same time
there is realized a several time increase of output voltage as compared to the charge voltage of the generator. The
use of the circuits proposed makes it possible to ensure a several time increase (as compared to the selection of the
number of cascades) of the generator energy storage, pulse current and output electric power.
PACS numbers: 84.30.Ng; 84.70.+p
1 INTRODUCTION
Development of high-current linear induction accel-
erators at VNIIEF promotes a search for new circuits for
systems of high-voltage pulse formation. As a result
there were developed multi-cascade generators on step-
ped lines possessing 100% efficiency in ideal case [1,
2]. As well as all generators based on transmission lines
they can be subdivided in two types - generators with
capacitive and inductive energy storage depending on
the fact whether an initial electromagnet energy is sto-
red only in the electric field or the magnetic one. Below
presented are circuits of new type [2-9]. Due to the fact
that the energy in them is stored simultaneously in both
the electric and magnetic fields, such devices are called
generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage or
inductive-capacitive generators. They are made of ho-
mogeneous line sections (cascades) of the same electri-
cal length T0 as a stepped line. A stepped line cased with
a current interrupter placed at the output form an induc-
tive storage. A matched load is connected to generator
output in parallel with the current interrupter. In the in-
ternal space of stepped line there is placed a high-volt-
age electrode forming together with stepped line case a
capacitive storage in the form of homogeneous line sec-
tions (n≥2) of the same electrical length T0.
Generators operate in the following way. In the clo-
sed circuit formed by the stepped line case and current
interrupter under the action of the external source there
appears the current I0 and the magnetic energy is stored
in the whole volume of stepped lines. Simultaneously a
high-voltage electrode is charged up to U0 voltage from
another external source, and the electric energy is stored
in several cascades. At the moment when the energy
storage process is finished a switch S1 is turned on clos-
ing a gap between a high-voltage electrode and the
stepped line case. As a result, electromagnet waves ap-
pear in the stepped line. A generator circuit, relations of
cascade impedances as well as I0 and U0 values are se-
lected in such a way that as a result of transient wave
processes the whole energy is concentrated at the gener-
ator output. At the moment when the first wave arrives
to it there occurs current interrupter S2 disconnection,
and energy is supplied to the load where a squared pulse
is formed with 2T0 duration.
2 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OF GENERATORS
Fig. 1 shows three circuits of generators with induc-
tive-capacitive energy storage [2-6] that differ in confi-
guration of capacitive storage. Capacitive storages in the
first and second circuits consist of two cascades, and in
the third circuit the number of charged cascades grows
up to 4. Note that only those circuits have been found
that raise the voltage.
a
b
c
Fig. 1. Circuits of generators with inductive-capaci-
tive energy storage.
In order to get 100% efficiency in ideal case,
impedances as well as U0 and I0 should be selected ac-
cording to the formulas given below.
For the first variant (Fig. 1a):
),2(...,,2,1,)])(1/[()1(1 −=+−++= niiiZZ i λλλλ
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №5.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 36-38.
36
)]1)(2/[()1(11 −+−++=− nnZZ n λλλλ , ⋅= λ1ZZ n
)1/()1( −++ nλλ , ( )( ) )]1(/[1/ 100 +−+= λλλ nZUI .
For the second variant (Fig. 1b):
3,...,2,1)],)(1/[()1(1 −=+−++= niiiZZ i λλλλ ,
=− 2nZ ( ) ( ) ( ) ,]5223/[112 −+−++=− nnZZ n λλλλ
( ) )]522)(2/[(111 −+−++=− nnZZ n λλλλ , 1ZZ n =
( ) ( )2/1 −++ nλλλ , ( )( ) /522/ 100 −+= nZUI λ
( )]1[ +λλ .
For the third variant (Fig. 1c):
( ) ( ) ( ) 4,...,2,1],1/[11 −=+−++= niiiZZ i λλλλ ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ,]432/[113 −+⋅−++=− nnZZ n λλλλ =− 2nZ
,3−nZ ( ) ( ) ,]32/[111 −++=− nZZ n λλλ 1−= nn ZZ ,
( ) ( ) ( )]1/[32/ 100 +−+= λλλ nZUI
Factor λ equals to the relation between electric and
magnetic energies stored in the generator. The voltage
on the matched load for the first, second and third vari-
ants exceeds U0 by (λ+n-1)/2λ, (2λ+2n-5)/2λ and
(λ+n-3)/λ times, respectively. Addition of every supple-
mentary cascade to the generator raises the voltage on
the load by for the first variant and by U0/λ for the sec-
ond and third variants.
As an example, Fig. 2 presents relations between im-
pedances for generators with total electrical length of
stepped lines equaling 3T0 for the case when in the elec-
tric and magnetic fields the equal energy is stored (λ=1).
In the first and second variants the generator consists of
four cascades, and in the fourth variant – of five cas-
cades. The voltage on the matched load exceeds U0 by
2, 2.5 and 3 times, respectively. Connection of each
supplementary cascade raises the voltage for the first
circuit by 0.5U0 and for the second and third one - by
U0.
a
b
c
Fig. 2. Circuits of generators (see Fig.1) for the
case when the total electrical length of stepped lines
is 3T0 and λ=1.
In Fig. 3 presented are circuits similar to those
shown in Fig. 1 but with connection of switch S1 to the
high-voltage electrode of capacitive storage through ad-
ditionally charged (up to the voltage U0) transmission
line with impedance Z0 [7-9]. In such devices, for exam-
ple, those with a supplementary line in the form of high-
voltage cable lines connected in parallel, switches of
multi-channel commutator S1 will be removed from the
stepped line volume that will facilitate their mainte-
nance and substitution.
For the circuits presented in Fig. 3 the relations of
parameters have been obtained, provided they are ad-
hered to, they possess 100% efficiency in the ideal case.
For the first variant (Fig. 3a):
( ) ( ) ( ) ,1,...,2,1,]1/[11 −=+−++= niiiZZ i λλλλ
( ) ( )322/121 −++= nZZ n λλλ , ( ) /1210 += λλZZ
( ) 2322 −+ nλ , ( )( ) ( )]1/[322/ 100 +−+= λλλnZUI .
For the second variant (Fig. 3b):
( ) ( ) ( ) 3,...,2,1,]1/[11 −=+−⋅++= niiiZZ i λλλλ ,
( ) ( ) ( )]3733/[1212 −+−++=− λλλλ nnZZ n , =− 1nZ
( ) ( ) ( )]2733/[11 −+−++ λλλλ nnZ , ( ) /11 += λλZZ n
( )2−+ λn , ( ) ( ) 2
10 733/12 −++= λλλ nZZ , =0I
( )( ) ( )]1/[733/ 10 +−+ λλλnZU .
For the third variant (Fig. 3c):
( ) ( ) ( ) ,4,...,2,1,]1/[11 −=−+++= niiiZZ i λλλλ
( ) ( )( )]433/[112 −+−++=− λλλλ nnZZ n , =− 3nZ
22 −nZ , ( ) ( )]33/[111 −++=− λλλ nZZ n , 12 −= nn ZZ ,
( ) ( ) ]39/[12 2
10 −++= λλλ nZZ , ( ) ⋅= 100 / ZUI
( ) ( )]1/[33 +−+ λλλn .
a
b
c
Fig. 3. Circuits similar to those presented in Fig. 1
but with connection of switch S1 to a high-voltage
electrode of the capacitive storage through a sup-
plement transmission line.
The output voltage for the first, second and third
variants exceeds U0 by (2n+2λ–3)/2λ, ( ) λλ 2/733 −+ n
and 3(n+ λ –3)/2λ times, respectively. Addition of every
supplementary cascade to the generator raises the volt-
age by U0/λ for the first variant and by 3U0/2λ for the
second and third variants.
As an example, Fig. 4 shows optimal relations of
impedances for generators with a total electrical length
of stepped lines of 3T0, for the case λ=1. The voltage on
the matched load exceeds U0 by 3.5, and 4.5 times, re-
spectively. Connection of each supplementary cascade
raises the voltage for the first circuit by U0 and for the
second and third circuits - by 1.5U0.
In order to raise the voltage on the load, in all cir-
cuits under consideration it is necessary to increase the
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №5.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 37-38.
37
number of cascades and/or diminish the parameter λ.
Addition of supplementary cascades is accompanied by
the growth of relation between maximal and minimal
impedances of stepped line that for coaxial lines does
not exceed 20, as a rule, provided one type dielectric is
used in the whole generator.
a
b
c
Fig. 4. Circuits of generators (see Fig. 3) for a par-
ticular case that the total electrical length of stepped
lines is 3T0 and λ=1.
In order to disconnect the current interrupter, one
can use the circumstance that at the moment when the
first wave arrives to the current interrupter the current
grows for all circuits discussed by (λ+1) times. This can
simplify realization of synchronous operation of several
generators as a part of the multi-module facility. To reli-
ably disconnect the current interrupter, it is expedient to
increase the parameter λ, i.e., to grow the electric ener-
gy fraction in the total energy storage. The analysis
shows that the circuits proposed should possess a high
efficiency at varying both cascade impedances and the
parameter λ in rather a wide range.
3 COMPARISON OF CIRCUITS WITH IN-
DUCTIVE-CAPACITIVE AND CAPACI-
TIVE ENERGY STORAGE
To determine the field of possible application of the
circuits proposed, let us compare characteristics of cir-
cuits with inductive-capacitive energy storage and those
with capacitive energy storage. As the first one let us se-
lect a circuit of five-cascade inductive-capacitive gener-
ator (Fig. 5a) presented in Fig. 2c, and as the second one
- a circuit of a similar five-cascade capacitive generator
(Fig. 5b) [2]. The last circuit was used when developing
accelerators STRAUS and STRAUS-2 [10].
In the ideal case both circuits possess 100% efficien-
cy and form a squared pulse of voltage of 2T0 duration.
To perform comparison, let us commit the values U0, Z,
T0. In the first circuit the electric energy is stored 3U0
2T0/2Z as well as magnetic energy that is equal to it.
That is, the total energy storage is 3U0
2T0/Z. The output
voltage, current and electrical power in the matched
mode are U=3U0, I=U0/2Z, P=3U0
2/2Z. In the second
circuit, in the course of charging the forming line, the
electric energy 6U0
2T0/5Z is stored. The output voltage,
current and electrical power are U=3U0, I=U0/5Z,
P=3U0
2/5Z in the matched mode.
a
b
Fig. 5. Circuits of generators with inductive-capaci-
tive (a) and capacitive (b) energy storage.
Thus, the inductive-capacitive generator provides
the same voltage rise in the maximal efficiency mode as
the capacitive generator. However, in the first case the
energy storage, current and output power increase by
2.5 times.
From the comparison performed one can make a
conclusion that generators with inductive-capacitive en-
ergy storage possess significant advantages. Along with
a rather high factor of voltage increase they provide in-
crease of energy storage, current and power by several
times. An additional advantage of such devices (as com-
pared to the capacitive generator discussed above (Fig.
5b) whose operating pulse is a second voltage one), is
the absence of the pre-pulse voltage on the load. The
last circumstance can be determinative for powerful
generators with low-impedance loads.
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38
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ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №5.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 39-38.
39
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-78409 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:10:07Z |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. 2015-03-16T18:04:49Z 2015-03-16T18:04:49Z 2001 New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage / V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 5. — С. 36-38. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS numbers: 84.30.Ng; 84.70.+p https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78409 The paper describes new electric circuits of multi-cascade generators based on stepped lines. The distinction of the presented circuits consists in initial storage of energy in electric and magnetic fields simultaneously. The circuit of each generator, relations of impedances, values of initial current and charge voltages are selected in such a manner that the whole of initially stored energy is concentrated at the generator output as a result of transient wave processes. In ideal case the energy is transferred with 100% efficiency to the resistive load where a rectangular voltage pulse is formed, whose duration is equals to the double electrical length of the individual cascade. At the same time there is realized a several time increase of output voltage as compared to the charge voltage of the generator. The use of the circuits proposed makes it possible to ensure a several time increase (as compared to the selection of the number of cascades) of the generator energy storage, pulse current and output electric power. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage Новые схемы высоковольтных импульсных генераторов с индуктивно-емкостным накоплением энергии Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. |
| title | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage |
| title_alt | Новые схемы высоковольтных импульсных генераторов с индуктивно-емкостным накоплением энергии |
| title_full | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage |
| title_fullStr | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage |
| title_short | New circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage |
| title_sort | new circuits of high-voltage pulse generators with inductive-capacitive energy storage |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78409 |
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