The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration
The experimental installation and diagnostic equipment with motivation to use for various researches of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration both in plasma and in dielectric structure has been described. The main parameters of a sequence of short relativistic electron bunch and value...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2006
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| Zitieren: | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration / V.A. Kiselev, A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov, V.V. Uskov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 76-78. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859836638492884992 |
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| author | Kiselev, V.A. Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Sotnikov, G.V. Uskov, V.V. |
| author_facet | Kiselev, V.A. Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Sotnikov, G.V. Uskov, V.V. |
| citation_txt | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration / V.A. Kiselev, A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov, V.V. Uskov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 76-78. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The experimental installation and diagnostic equipment with motivation to use for various researches of wakefield
method of charged particles acceleration both in plasma and in dielectric structure has been described. The
main parameters of a sequence of short relativistic electron bunch and values of physical characteristics of slowdown
structures have been presented.
Приведено описание экспериментальной установки и диагностического оборудования с мотивацией использования при различного рода исследований кильватерного метода ускорения заряженных частиц как в плазме, так и в диэлектрических структурах. Представлены основные параметры последовательности коротких релятивистских электронных сгустков и величины физических характеристик замедляющих структур.
Приведено опис експериментальної установки та діагностичного приладдя з мотивацією використання
при різного роду дослідженнях кільватерного методу прискорення заряджених часток як у плазмі, так і в
діелектричних структурах. Представлені основні параметри послідовності коротких релятивістських
електронних згустків і величини фізичних характеристик уповільнюючих структур.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:34:54Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
THE EXPERIMENTAL STAND FOR RESEARCH OF WAKEFIELD
METHOD OF CHARGED PARTICLES ACCELERATION
V.A. Kiselev, A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov, V.V. Uskov
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: onish@kipt.kharkov.ua
The experimental installation and diagnostic equipment with motivation to use for various researches of wake-
field method of charged particles acceleration both in plasma and in dielectric structure has been described. The
main parameters of a sequence of short relativistic electron bunch and values of physical characteristics of slow-
down structures have been presented.
PACS: 41.75.Lx, 41.85.Ja, 41.60.Bq
1. INTRODUCTION
Experimental installation «Almaz-2» is intended for
research of excitation of wakefield by a sequence of
short bunches of relativistic electrons in plasma created
by an external source [1] or by bunch sequence at its in-
jection into neutral gas and/or dielectric structure [2]. In
particular, while studying a dielectric structure of round
cross-section the consideration of important problems of
wakefield excitation for the cases of semi-infinite
waveguide, as well as a resonator concept is supposed.
As follows from a theory, for semi-infinite waveguide a
number of bunches, whose wakefields are composed co-
herently, occurs to be restricted by carrying out excited
wakefields from the system with group velocity [3]. For
an increase in the number of coherent bunches it is pro-
posed to use the resonator instead of semi-infinite
waveguide. In this approach the excited wakefield is
composed by all bunches at fulfillment of two condi-
tions: (i) a multimode operation should be realized, i.e.
the length of the resonator should be a multiple of half-
integer wave lengths of the resonant fundamental mode,
(ii) a coherent composing of wakefields from injected
bunches should be provided, i.e. the coincidence of the
frequency of the fundamental mode and the frequency
of bunch repetition should be fulfilled.
2. EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION
The scheme of the experimental stand is shown in
Fig.1.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.76-78.76
Fig.1. Schematic of experimental installation: 1-linac; 2 - magnetic analyzer; 3 - aperture; 4 - dielectric; 5 - copper
tube; 6 - teflon plate; 7 - HF probes; 8 - movable metal screen; 9 - calorimeter; 10 - Faraday cup
An electron beam (a sequence of short bunches) was
produced by the linear resonant electron accelerator (1)
with the following parameters: energy – 4.5 МeV, cur-
rent in an impulse – 0.5 A, duration of an impulse – 2 µs,
frequency of modulation of E-beam (bunch repetition) –
2808 MHz. E-beam represents itself as a sequence of
N =6⋅103 bunches each of duration 60 ps and a time in-
terval between them 300 ps. Bunch diameter at the exit
of the accelerator was determined from darkening of
glass plate and was equal 1 cm.
For determination of dependence of amplitude of ex-
cited wakefield upon number of bunches, the duration
of impulse of E-beam current was changed by time de-
lay of the HF-impulse of the master oscillator of the
klystron feeding the linac, with respect to the high volt-
age pulse applied to the klystron. Thus, it is possible to
obtain E-beam with duration of impulse from 2.0 µs up
to 0.2 µs, i.e. the number of bunches was changed with-
in the limits from 6 102 up to 6⋅103.
Such sequence of bunches is injected into the dielec-
tric structure (4), which is made from teflon F-
4 (ε = 2.1; tg δ=1.5⋅10-4 at repetition frequency frep = 3⋅
109 Hz). The maximal length of dielectric structure 70
cm, external diameter – 8.6 cm, diameter of an internal
aperture for bunch passage – 2.2 cm. The dielectric was
placed in a copper pipe of length 100 cm (5). Before the
dielectric there was a copper diaphragm of thickness 5
mm with an aperture 2 cm (3).
For research of dependence of amplitude of excited
wakefield upon length of dielectric the dielectric structure
was composed from pieces to have length from 5 cm up
to 70 cm. The dielectric structure consisted from separate
teflon cylinders each in length from 5 to 10 cm.
3. DIAGNOSTIC EQUIMENT
For studies into the excited microwave wakefields
topography, the microwaves were output through the
teflon plate (6) by thickness of 8 mm, which separated a
vacuum volume with the dielectric structure from atmo-
sphere. Preliminary experiments have shown that losses
of the HF-power of wavelength of λ=10.7 cm after pas-
sage of such teflon plate make no more than 2%.
For creation of an external resonator an additional
pipe of the same diameter, as the main one, but located
on other side of teflon plate, was used. In this pipe there
were available a longitudinal slit, in which the HF-probe
(7) could move along a pipe, and the metal blind flange
(8) by which moving it was possible to change the
length of the resonator. In the center of the blind flange
there was a HF-probe for measuring Еz component of
the excited wakefield. For measurement of amplitude of
the fundamental harmonic of excited wakefield, a signal
from the probes proceeded along a coaxial cable (the
probe was a continuation of the central thread of this ca-
ble) to an adjustable attenuator and the resonator which
has been adjusted at the frequency of the fundamental
harmonic. The signal from the resonator by means of a
detector unit with the diode DK-I2М proceeded to oscil-
lograph. Preliminary calibration of the detector has
shown, that in a working range of the rectified current
(0.04…3 mА) volt-ampere characteristics has linear de-
pendence on strength of HF-wakefield.
In the dielectric structure of similar type waves of
type Еon are excited, wavelength of which is less than
critical for the given waveguide. The knowledge of am-
plitudes of various harmonics and determination of
types of waves is important both from the point of view
of studying the dielectric structure operation and as a
method of diagnostics of the longitudinal sizes of excit-
ing electron bunches [4].
For an experimental research of multimode regime of
dielectric structure excitation it is possible to use waveg-
uides in cut-off regime [5]. At the experimental stand two
additional round waveguides with radii 2.7 cm and 1.55
cm which are append to the main waveguide by means of
conical transition (Fig.2) are used.
Fig.2. The scheme of conical transition: a – to waveg-
uide with R=2.7 cm; b – to waveguide with R=1.55 cm
In Table 1 critical lengths of waves for waves of
type Е01 – Е05 in these waveguides are presented.
The knowledge of the critical wavelength allows cal-
culating types of waves which can propagate in waveg-
uides at various frequencies. In Table 2 types of waves
which can exist in waveguides for the first five types of
waves are presented. Lengths of waves of various har-
monics are calculated theoretically.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.76-78.76
Table 1. Critical wavelength (λcr, cm)
Type of waves R = 4.33 cm
with dielectric
R = 4.33 cm R = 2.7 cm R = 1.55 cm
Е01
Е02
Е03
Е04
Е05
16.45
7.16
4.56
3.35
2.56
11.34
4.94
3.1
2.3
1.77
7.07
3.08
1.94
1.44
1.1
4.06
1.77
1.12
0.82
0.63
Table 2. Types of excited waves
Frequency (GHz)
R waveguide (cm) 2.82 6.57 10.64 14.85 19.1
4.33
with dielectric
Е01 Е01; Е02 Е01; Е02; Е03;Е04 Е01;Е02;Е03;
Е04; Е05
Е01;Е02;Е03;
Е04; Е05; Е06
4.33 Е01 Е01; Е02 Е01; Е02; Е03 Е01;Е02;Е03;
Е04
Е01;Е02;Е03;
Е04; Е05
2.7 - Е01 Е01; Е02 Е01; Е02 Е01; Е02; Е03
1.55 - - Е01 Е01 Е01; Е02
Energy losses of an electron bunch at its interaction
with a structure are measured by the magnetic analyzers
(2) located at the accelerator exit and behind the dielec-
tric structure. The diaphragm with a slit before an en-
trance to the second analyzer formed a resonant system,
so for realizing semi-infinite waveguide approach the
diaphragm was covered by an absorber of microwave
radiation. Besides, the energy spectra of electron bunch
and its transversal size can be investigated when obtain-
ing darkening trace of the bunch on a glass plate after its
declining in a constant magnetic field and passage
through the copper pipe wall of thickness 1mm. The
transversal size of the bunch and transversal distribution
of electron density can be investigated by a movable
sectioned cylinder.
Measurements of the overall energy of excited
wakefields can be carried out by means of a calorimeter
(9) which design is shown in Fig.3. The measured ener-
gy of excited wakefields is within the range of 0.05J…
6 кJ, the coefficient of absorption of energy of excited
wakefields is not below 0.9 within the frequency range
3...60 GHz. The main peculiarity of the given calorime-
ter is a ferroceramic sensor for measuring an increase in
working liquid volume.
Fig.3. Scheme of a sensitive calorimeter. 1 - absorbing
section; 2 − reflecting cone; 3 − connecting pipe from a
stainless steel; 4 − Faraday cap; 5 − ebonite flange; 6 −
glass branch tubes; 7 − ferroceramic tube; 8 - piston
for regulation of water level; 9 − copper conductor; 10
− connecting dielectric tube; 11 − copper tube; 12 − to
device for capacity measuring
As the relation between the absorbed energy W, the
increase of temperature ΔТ and the increase in working
liquid volume ΔV is linear, ΔV does not depend on the
initial volume of working liquid and distribution of en-
ergy over its volume [6]. The volume change of a work-
ing liquid at small W is of value ΔV=α0W/ρ0С0, where α0
– the coefficient of linear expansion, ρ0 – the density,
and С0 – the thermal capacity of liquid at initial temper-
ature.
The determination of increase in the liquid volume
was done by a sensor which basic element is a ferroce-
ramic tube with an internal diameter 1.8 mm and work-
ing length 11mm. The increase in volume is trans-
formed into the increase in length of working liquid col-
umn. The tube was taken from ferroceramic condenser
KT-1. Conducting covering on its internal surface was
carefully etched.
The liquid column length (distilled water with ad-
mixture NaCl) was determined by a value of the capaci-
ty formed by the liquid column and conducting covering
on the external surface of tube. As ferroceramic has a
great value of dielectric permeability (e.g. ε=3100), the
change of capacity, determined by ΔС=2πεε0Δl/ln(b/a)
where Δl=ΔV/πа2 – change of length of liquid column in
tube, b – the external diameter of tube, and the capaci-
tive sensitivity of the sensor makes significant value
ΔС/ Δl ≈ 620 pF/mm.
The energy sensitivity of the sensor is
ΔС/ΔW≈14.6 pF/J. Minimal registered energy is deter-
mined by minimal measured change of capacity. At rel-
ative error of capacity measurement 0.5 pF (for some in-
dustrial measuring instruments) the minimal registered
energy makes Wmin<0.05 J. Having used the bridge
scheme for capacity measurement, the minimal regis-
tered energy can be easily lowered up to value less than
0.01J.
REFERENCES
1. Ya.B. Fainberg, V.A. Balakirev, I.N. Onishchenko,
et al. Wakefield excitation in plasma by a sequence
of bunches of relativistic electrons // Fizika Plasmy.
1994, v.20, №7-8, p.674-681 (in Russian).
2. I. Onishchenko, A. Berezin, V. Kiselev et al. The
wake-field excitation in plasma-dielectric structure
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2005. № 8.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (45), p.66-68.
68
by sequence of short bunches of relativistic elec-
trons. Proc. of the 1995 Particle Accelerator Conf.
p.782-783.
3. A.K. Berezin, V.A. Kiselev, A.F. Linnik et al. Ex-
perimental researches of wakefield excitation in
plasma by periodic sequence of bunches of rela-
tivistic particles. Preprint KIPT-91-45, 1991.
4. N.I. Onishchenko, D.Yu. Sidorenko, G.V. Sot-
nikov. Acceleration of electrons by wake-field of a
regular train of bunches in a dielectricwaveguide of
finite length // Ukr.Fiz. Zh. 2003. v.48, №1, p.17-
25.
5. T.B. Zhang, T.C. Marshall, J.L. Hirshfield. A
Cerencov Source of High-Power Pulsed Microwave
// IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 1998,
v.26. №3, p. 787-793.
6. I.V. Lebedev, Technika i Pribory SHF. М.: Higher
School, 1985, p.246-248.
7. V.A. Kiselev, A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko,
V.V. Uskov. Calorimeter with capacitive sensor for
measurement of HF-radiation // Instruments and
Experimental Techniques. 2005, №2, p.103-106.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ СТЕНД ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КИЛЬВАТЕРНОГО МЕТОДА УСКО-
РЕНИЯ ЗАРЯЖЕННЫХ ЧАСТИЦ
В.А. Киселев, А.Ф. Линник, И.Н. Онищенко, Н.И. Онищенко, Г.В. Сотников, В.В. Усков
Приведено описание экспериментальной установки и диагностического оборудования с мотивацией ис-
пользования при различного рода исследований кильватерного метода ускорения заряженных частиц как в
плазме, так и в диэлектрических структурах. Представлены основные параметры последовательности ко-
ротких релятивистских электронных сгустков и величины физических характеристик замедляющих струк-
тур.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИЙ СТЕНД ДЛЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КІЛЬВАТЕРНОГО МЕТОДУ
ПРИСКОРЕННЯ ЗАРЯДЖЕНИХ ЧАСТОК
В.О. Кисельов, А.Ф. Лінник, І.М. Оніщенко, М.І. Оніщенко, Г.В. Сотніков, В.В. Усков
Приведено опис експериментальної установки та діагностичного приладдя з мотивацією використання
при різного роду дослідженнях кільватерного методу прискорення заряджених часток як у плазмі, так і в
діелектричних структурах. Представлені основні параметри послідовності коротких релятивістських
електронних згустків і величини фізичних характеристик уповільнюючих структур.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.76-78.76
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ СТЕНД ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КИЛЬВАТЕРНОГО МЕТОДА УСКОРЕНИЯ ЗАРЯЖЕННЫХ ЧАСТИЦ
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИЙ СТЕНД ДЛЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КІЛЬВАТЕРНОГО МЕТОДУ ПРИсКОРЕННЯ ЗАРЯдЖЕНИХ ЧАСТОК
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-78771 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:34:54Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Kiselev, V.A. Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Sotnikov, G.V. Uskov, V.V. 2015-03-20T20:14:41Z 2015-03-20T20:14:41Z 2006 The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration / V.A. Kiselev, A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Onishchenko, G.V. Sotnikov, V.V. Uskov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 76-78. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 41.75.Lx, 41.85.Ja, 41.60.Bq https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78771 The experimental installation and diagnostic equipment with motivation to use for various researches of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration both in plasma and in dielectric structure has been described. The main parameters of a sequence of short relativistic electron bunch and values of physical characteristics of slowdown structures have been presented. Приведено описание экспериментальной установки и диагностического оборудования с мотивацией использования при различного рода исследований кильватерного метода ускорения заряженных частиц как в плазме, так и в диэлектрических структурах. Представлены основные параметры последовательности коротких релятивистских электронных сгустков и величины физических характеристик замедляющих структур. Приведено опис експериментальної установки та діагностичного приладдя з мотивацією використання при різного роду дослідженнях кільватерного методу прискорення заряджених часток як у плазмі, так і в діелектричних структурах. Представлені основні параметри послідовності коротких релятивістських електронних згустків і величини фізичних характеристик уповільнюючих структур. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration Экспериментальный стенд для исследования кильватерного метода ускорения заряженных частиц Експериментальний стенд для дослідження кільватерного методу прискорення заряджених часток Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration Kiselev, V.A. Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Onishchenko, N.I. Sotnikov, G.V. Uskov, V.V. Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| title | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration |
| title_alt | Экспериментальный стенд для исследования кильватерного метода ускорения заряженных частиц Експериментальний стенд для дослідження кільватерного методу прискорення заряджених часток |
| title_full | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration |
| title_fullStr | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration |
| title_short | The experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration |
| title_sort | experimental stand for research of wakefield method of charged particles acceleration |
| topic | Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| topic_facet | Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78771 |
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