Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator
A nuclear method for determination of energy and intensity of a proton beam is proposed to use for investigation of collective ion acceleration by space charge waves arisen in an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) at its temporal and spatial modulation. It is proposed to register the proton...
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Dikiy, N.P. Medvedev, D.V. Onishchenko, I.N. Pushkarev, S.S. 2015-03-20T20:18:02Z 2015-03-20T20:18:02Z 2006 Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator / N.P. Dikiy, D.V. Medvedev, I.N. Onishchenko, S.S. Pushkarev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 46-48. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.27.-a, 29.40.Wk https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78775 A nuclear method for determination of energy and intensity of a proton beam is proposed to use for investigation of collective ion acceleration by space charge waves arisen in an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) at its temporal and spatial modulation. It is proposed to register the proton beam by using nuclear reactions 11В(р,α) 8Ве, 9Вe(р,α) 6Li at the proton beam assistance to produce alpha particles, which should be detected with solid state detectors. Предложено использовать ядерно-физический метод определения энергии и интенсивности протонного пучка при исследовании коллективного ускорении ионов волнами плотности пространственного заряда, возникающих в интенсивном релятивистском электронном пучке при его модуляции во времени и в пространстве. Протонный пучок предполагается регистрировать с использованием ядерных реакций 11В(р,α) 8Ве, 9Вe(р,α) 6Li при наличии протонного пучка для получения альфа-частиц, которые должны фиксироваться твердотельными детекторами. Запропоновано використати ядерно-фізичний метод визначення енергії та інтенсивності протонного пучка при дослідженні колективного прискорення іонів хвилями густини просторового заряду, які виникають в інтенсивному релятивістському електронному пучку при його модуляції в часі та у просторі. Протонний пучок припускається реєструвати з використанням ядерних реакцій 11В(р,α) 8Ве, 9Вe(р,α) 6Li при наявності протонного пучка для отримання альфа-часток, які повинні фіксуватися твердотільними детекторами. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator Использование ядерных реакций для регистрации импульсных пучков заряженных частиц Використання ядерних реакцій для реєстрації імпульсних пучків заряджених часток Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator |
| spellingShingle |
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator Dikiy, N.P. Medvedev, D.V. Onishchenko, I.N. Pushkarev, S.S. Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| title_short |
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator |
| title_full |
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator |
| title_fullStr |
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator |
| title_sort |
development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator |
| author |
Dikiy, N.P. Medvedev, D.V. Onishchenko, I.N. Pushkarev, S.S. |
| author_facet |
Dikiy, N.P. Medvedev, D.V. Onishchenko, I.N. Pushkarev, S.S. |
| topic |
Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| topic_facet |
Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| publishDate |
2006 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Использование ядерных реакций для регистрации импульсных пучков заряженных частиц Використання ядерних реакцій для реєстрації імпульсних пучків заряджених часток |
| description |
A nuclear method for determination of energy and intensity of a proton beam is proposed to use for investigation
of collective ion acceleration by space charge waves arisen in an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) at its temporal
and spatial modulation. It is proposed to register the proton beam by using nuclear reactions 11В(р,α)
8Ве,
9Вe(р,α)
6Li at the proton beam assistance to produce alpha particles, which should be detected with solid state detectors.
Предложено использовать ядерно-физический метод определения энергии и интенсивности протонного пучка при исследовании коллективного ускорении ионов волнами плотности пространственного заряда, возникающих в интенсивном релятивистском электронном пучке при его модуляции во времени и в пространстве. Протонный пучок предполагается регистрировать с использованием ядерных реакций 11В(р,α) 8Ве, 9Вe(р,α) 6Li при наличии протонного пучка для получения альфа-частиц, которые должны фиксироваться твердотельными детекторами.
Запропоновано використати ядерно-фізичний метод визначення енергії та інтенсивності протонного
пучка при дослідженні колективного прискорення іонів хвилями густини просторового заряду, які
виникають в інтенсивному релятивістському електронному пучку при його модуляції в часі та у просторі.
Протонний пучок припускається реєструвати з використанням ядерних реакцій
11В(р,α)
8Ве,
9Вe(р,α)
6Li при
наявності протонного пучка для отримання альфа-часток, які повинні фіксуватися твердотільними
детекторами.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78775 |
| citation_txt |
Development of a nuclear diagnosing proton beam for a collective ion accelerator / N.P. Dikiy, D.V. Medvedev, I.N. Onishchenko, S.S. Pushkarev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 46-48. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| first_indexed |
2025-11-25T21:01:16Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-25T21:01:16Z |
| _version_ |
1850545101769539584 |
| fulltext |
DEVELOPMENT OF A NUCLEAR DIAGNOSING PROTON BEAM
FOR A COLLECTIVE ION ACCELERATOR
N.P. Dikiy, D.V. Medvedev, I.N. Onishchenko, S.S. Pushkarev
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: ndikiy@kipt.kharkov.ua
A nuclear method for determination of energy and intensity of a proton beam is proposed to use for investigation
of collective ion acceleration by space charge waves arisen in an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) at its tem-
poral and spatial modulation. It is proposed to register the proton beam by using nuclear reactions 11В(р,α)8Ве,
9Вe(р,α)6Li at the proton beam assistance to produce alpha particles, which should be detected with solid state de-
tectors.
PACS: 29.27.-a, 29.40.Wk
INTRODUCTION
Conventional electrothechnical measurements of pa-
rameters of accelerated ions in a collective ion accelera-
tor [1-3] based on temporal and spatial modulation of a
pulsed intense relativistic electron beam, are impeded
because of a high level of electromagnetic background
noise. Besides, standard methods for diagnostics of pro-
tons (magnetic analyzer, track detectors, flight-time
method) applied in [1] did not allow registering acceler-
ated protons within obtained MeV energy range. Nu-
clear physics methods are expedient in such circum-
stances. We have considered several schemes for nucle-
ar reactions usage, which occur at a chosen target bom-
bardment by a proton beam, as well as some realizable
methods for nuclear reaction products registration. The
conclusion is made regarding which one of these meth-
ods is appropriate for registration of a proton beam ob-
tained and for measurement of its parameters.
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND METHODS
In Fig.1 the scheme of an experimental prototype of
collective ion accelerator based on a plasma virtual
cathode for REB temporal modulation and an external
periodic magnetic field for REB spatial modulation is
shown. The accelerator consists of the following main
systems: a Marx generator (MG), a magnetically-insu-
lated diode (1), a power supply and control system of
MG's parameters, a vacuum system, a system of exter-
nal magnetic field formation (EMFF) by an air-cored
solenoid (2), MG's and EMFF's starting system with
synchronizing devices and a monitoring system of the
accelerator (ASCS is the accelerator starting and control
system).
7
II-stage I-stage
VC
PG
2
1
5
5 3
4
5
MG
6
ASCS EMFF
Fig.1. Schematic of collective ion accelerator
A fundamental part of the collective ion accelerator
studied is a high-current REB accelerator "Agate",
which is capable to produce an intense electron beam
with energy 280 keV and current 4.4 kA of pulse dura-
tion 0.8 µs. Such acceleration allows obtaining speed-
ups bunches with energy of protons up to 800 keV.
Therefore, it is necessary to use nuclear-physical meth-
ods for registration of the protons of such energy at a
high level of electromagnetic background noise.
The registration of protons with energy
E>160 keV was realized by means of 11В(р,α)8Ве re-
action. In this case, the proton beam arrives to a B4C
target, which is capable of maintaining high thermal
loads. A solid-state detector of α-particles made of cellu-
lose nitrate in a form of truncated cone was placed at an
angle (θ≈135о) and a subtended angle of 2 radians.
1 4
2
5
3
Fig.2. Registration unit: 1 – cellulose; 2 – solenoid;
3 – Al-Fe rings; 4 – target B4C; 5 – magnetic sensor
current
After a certain number of "shots" had been per-
formed, the cellulose was extracted from the vacuum
and underwent an etching in 10% solution of sodium
hydroxide at a temperature of 60°С during 2 minutes.
A number of registered particles was determined by
a microscope – “MBB-1”.
The first resonance of the reaction 11В(р,α)8Ве is real-
ized at an energy 162.8 keV with a width of 5.3 keV, the
second resonance of this reaction occurs at 675 keV with
the width of 150 keV [4].
In this connection, an α-particle energy spectrum
(and the spectrum for protons as well) can be measured
with a sufficiently large error (~30%).
For registering the accelerated protons with a spe-
cific energy a nuclear reaction 14N(р,γ)15O was used.
__________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.46-48.46
The first resonance of this reaction occurs at 277 keV
with the half-width of 1.6 keV, while the second reso-
nance – at 1064 keV with the width 4.8 keV. So, there
exists a resonance at 700 keV with the width of
100 keV. Note that the period of 15O half-life is
2.03 min.
Therefore, an exposure time of a TiN target was usu-
ally 4…5 min. Having been irradiated, the target TiN
was placed into a low-background installation for mea-
surements of its activity. An emission was detected with
energy 511 keV and also positrons were registered with
maximum energy 1.683 MeV.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
There were used nuclear reactions with α-particle
yields which were registered by the solid-state detec-
tors.
M1
M4
M2
M3
E4
E1
φ
θ
E3
Fig.3. Diagram of the nuclear reaction: M1, E1 − mass
and energy of the impinging particle; M2 − the rest
mass particle; M3, E3 − mass and energy of the depart-
ing particle; M4, E4 − mass and energy of residual nu-
cleus
An energy of a particle M3 (in our case, α-particles)
is equal to (see Fig.3):
E3
1/2=A±(A2+B)1/2, (1)
where
A=[((M1M3E1))1/2/((M3+M4))]*cos(θ); (2)
B=((M4*Q)+E1(M4-M1))/(M3+M4); (3)
Q is the reaction energy.
In our case, the reaction energy for 11В(р,α)8Ве,
9Вe(р,α)6Li and 19Fe(р,αγ)16O reaction is equal to
8.586, 2.12, and 8.114 MeV, respectively. The maxi-
mum reaction cross-section of 11В(р,α)8Ве reaction is
realized for an α1−group. In this case, the reaction ener-
gy is equal to 5.686 MeV. This fact was used for energy
calculation of the α-particles recorded. For the reaction
19Fe(р,αγ)16O the maximum output is also realized for
the α1−group, but the reaction energy is equal to
1.974 MeV.
This method made it possible to measure the intensi-
ty of protons with an energy up to 600 keV at a level
of 106 protons in 20 minutes of irradiation for the re-
action 11В(р,α)8Ве and 108 protons in 5 minutes of irra-
diation for the reaction 14N(р,γ)15O (Fig.2). There exist
other possible reactions: a target CaF2 19Fe(р, αγ)16O
resonance at 340 keV with the width 3 keV, an isotopic
target Ti l5N resonance at 429 keV with the width
0.9 keV (the limit of registration being 107 protons
in 20 minutes of irradiation). In this case, the protons
with the known resonance energy are detected.
For registration of the protons within an energy
range 200…400 keV it is possible to use a nuclear re-
action 9Вe(р,α)6Li [5]. The reaction cross-section for
11В(р,α)8Ве reaction at 162,8 keV is 10 mbn, while that
one for the 9Вe(р,α)6Li reaction at 350 keV is
300 mbn. This fact allows obtaining a significant im-
provement in conditions for accelerated protons detec-
tion.
Let us underline that with the use of this reaction,
acceptable conditions for spectral measurement of pro-
tons at energy of α-particle registered by a solid-state
detector are realized (Fig.4).
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
10
E
α
M
eV
Ep MeV
11B(p,α )8Be
9Be(p,α )6Li
Fig.4. Dependence of α-particles energy on proton
energy
The usage of the 11В(р,α)8Ве reaction results in
more substantial change of a departing α-particle ener-
gy and, consequently, its path through cellulose is also
changed (Fig.5).
1 2 3 4 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
10
R
,
m
ic
ro
m
et
er
s
Eα MeV
Fig.5. Dependence of run α-particles in cellulose on
energy
__________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.46-48.46
E3
Therefore, the path and track diameter measure-
ments make it possible to determine a proton spec-
trum at a collective ion accelerator. For obtaining the
data about accelerated particle distribution in the col-
lective accelerator it is also possible to use films of dif-
ferent thickness for decreasing the proton energy at
the В4С target with subsequent calculation of the
spectrum of protons by a method of regularization.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The use of solid-state detectors on a basis of cellu-
lose for α-particles registration obtained in nuclear reac-
tions, which are excited by protons, makes it possible to
detect an energy and intensity of accelerated protons in
collective ion accelerator.
2. The methods for energy measurements of acceler-
ated protons in a collective ion accelerator are devel-
oped on a basis of α-particle diameter track measure-
ments with the use of resonance nuclear reactions.
3. For an increase in a "signal/noise" ratio the use of
the nuclear reaction 9Be(p, α)6Li is more preferable due
to a high speed of α-particle track etching with the ener-
gy of 1…2 MeV.
4. The nuclear reaction 9Be(p, α)6Li is preferable for
increasing of ratio "signal/noise".
REFERENCES
1. P.T. Chupikov, D.V. Medvedev, I.N. Onishenko
et al. Experimental investigations on interaction
of supercritical electron beams with plasma //
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Se-
ries: Plasma Physics. 2002, №4(7), p.132-134
(in Russian).
2. A.G. Lymar', N.A. Khizhnyak, V.V. Belikov.
Collective acceleration of ions by modulated
high perveance an electronic flow // Problems of
Atomic Science and Technology. Series: A high-
energy physics. 1973, №3(5), p.78 (in Russian).
3. V.A. Balakirev, A.M. Gorban', I.I. Magda et al
Collective acceleration of ions by modulated
high-current REB // Plasma Physics. 1997, v.23,
p.350-354 (in Russian).
4. A. Armiliato, G.G. Bentini, G. Ruffini et al.
Analysis of boron predeposited silicon water by
combined ion beam techniques and X-ray micro-
analysis // Nucl. Insrt. and Methods. 1978, v.149,
p.653-658.
5. P.P. Pronko, P.R. Okamoto, H. Wiedersich. Low
energy p-Be nuclear reaction for depth-profiling
Be in alloys // Nucl. Instr. and Methods. 1978,
v.149, p.77.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЯДЕРНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ ДЛЯ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ ИМПУЛЬСНЫХ ПУЧКОВ ЗАРЯ-
ЖЕННЫХ ЧАСТИЦ
Н.П. Дикий, Д.В. Медведев, И.Н. Онищенко, С.С. Пушкарев
Предложено использовать ядерно-физический метод определения энергии и интенсивности протонного
пучка при исследовании коллективного ускорении ионов волнами плотности пространственного заряда, воз-
никающих в интенсивном релятивистском электронном пучке при его модуляции во времени и в про-
странстве. Протонный пучок предполагается регистрировать с использованием ядерных реакций 11В(р,α)8Ве,
9Вe(р,α)6Li при наличии протонного пучка для получения альфа-частиц, которые должны фиксироваться
твердотельными детекторами.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЯДЕРНИХ РЕАКЦІЙ ДЛЯ РЕЄСТРАЦІЇ ІМПУЛЬСНИХ ПУЧКІВ
ЗАРЯДЖЕНИХ ЧАСТОК
М.П. Дикий, Д.В. Медведєв, І.М. Оніщенко, С.С. Пушкарьов
Запропоновано використати ядерно-фізичний метод визначення енергії та інтенсивності протонного
пучка при дослідженні колективного прискорення іонів хвилями густини просторового заряду, які
виникають в інтенсивному релятивістському електронному пучку при його модуляції в часі та у просторі.
Протонний пучок припускається реєструвати з використанням ядерних реакцій 11В(р,α)8Ве, 9Вe(р,α)6Li при
наявності протонного пучка для отримання альфа-часток, які повинні фіксуватися твердотільними
детекторами.
38
N.P. Dikiy, D.V. Medvedev, I.N. Onishchenko, S.S. Pushkarev
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Conclusions
REFERENCES
Н.П. Дикий, Д.В. Медведев, И.Н. Онищенко, С.С. Пушкарев
М.П. Дикий, Д.В. Медведєв, І.М. Оніщенко, С.С. Пушкарьов
|