Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion
A wire explosion in a gaseous and condensed media extends possibilities of study of phase transitions of the wire material. We studied the influence of the external media (air, water and oil) on the explosion of Cu, Ni and W wires of diameter 10…50 µm. Wires were exploded by the current pulse with...
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| Cite this: | Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion / A.V. Agafonov, S.Yu. Gus’kov, G.V. Ivanenkov, A.R. Mingaleev, S.A. Pikuz, T.A. Shelkovenko, V.M. Romanova, A.E. Ter-Oganesyan, S.I. Tkachenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 49-51. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-787772025-02-10T00:06:57Z Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion Использование Х-пинча в рентгеновских радиографических исследованиях взрыва проволочек Використання Х-пінчу в рентгенівських радіографічних дослідженнях вибуху дротиків Agafonov, A.V. Gus’kov, S.Yu. Ivanenkov, G.V. Mingaleev, A.R. Pikuz, S.A. Shelkovenko, T.A. Romanova, V.M. Ter-Oganesyan, A.E. Tkachenko, S.I. Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц A wire explosion in a gaseous and condensed media extends possibilities of study of phase transitions of the wire material. We studied the influence of the external media (air, water and oil) on the explosion of Cu, Ni and W wires of diameter 10…50 µm. Wires were exploded by the current pulse with the rise time from 200 to 300 ns and the amplitude up to 10 kA. The pulse was produced by a generator based on a low-inductance capacitor, the discharge voltage being 20 kV. Experimental results are discussed on obtaining the wire explosion images in gaseous and liquid media with the help of hard X-ray radiation of an X-pinch in the BIN facility. Exploded wires were placed outside the BIN vacuum chamber and images were registered on the film without magnification. Spatial resolution was limited by film grain structure, and reached 20…30 µm. Spectral range of the imaging radiation (15… 30 keV) was determined by vacuum chamber window material, film sensitivity and thickness of the media where wire was exploded. Temporal resolution was about 10…20 ns and depended on X-pinch wire material and thickness. Исследование взрыва проволочек в газообразной и конденсированной среде позволяет получать информацию о фазовых переходах в материале проволочки. Мы исследовали влияние внешней среды (воздух, вода, масло) на взрыв проволочек диаметром 30…50 мкм из Cu, Ni и W. Взрыв проволочек осуществлялся импульсом тока с фронтом 200…300 нс и амплитудой до 10 кА, формируемым в накопителе на основе низкоиндуктивного конденсатора, заряжаемого до напряжения 20 кВ. Изображения проволочек в газообразной и жидкой средах регистрировались на пленке без увеличения по жесткому рентгеновскому излучению, генерируемому в X-пинче установки БИН. Пространственное разрешение изображений ограничивалось структурой пленки и составляло 20…30 мкм. Спектральный состав излучения (15…30 кэВ) зависел от параметров выводного окна, чувствительности пленки и толщины среды, внутри которой находилась проволочка. Временное разрешение составляло 10…20 нс и зависело от материала и толщины излучающей нагрузки X-пинча. Работа выполнена при частичной поддержке РФФИ по грантам 05-02-17533, 04-02-17292, МНТЦ по проекту 2151 и субконтракту с Корнельским университетом США по проекту DE-PC03-2NA 0057. Дослідження вибуху дротиків у газоподібному й конденсованому середовищі дозволяє одержувати інформацію про фазові переходи в матеріалі дротика. Ми досліджували вплив зовнішнього середовища (повітря, вода, масло) на вибух дротиків діаметром 30...50 мкм із Cu, Nі і W. Вибух дротиків здійснювався імпульсом струму із фронтом 200...300 нс і амплітудою до 10 кА, сформованим у накопичувачі на основі низькоіндуктивного конденсатора, що заряджається до напруги 20 кВ. Зображення дротиків у газоподібному і рідкому середовищах реєструвалися на плівці без збільшення по твердому рентгенівському випромінюванню, генеруємому в X-пінче установки БІН. Просторове розділення зображень обмежувалось структурою плівки і становило 20...30 мкм. Спектральний склад випромінювання (15...30 кеВ) залежав від параметрів вивідного вікна, чутливості плівки і товщини середовища, усередині якого перебував дротик. Часове розділення становило 10...20 нс і залежало від матеріалу і товщини випромінюючого навантаження X-пінча. Робота виконана при частковій підтримці РФФІ по грантах 05-02-17533, 04-02-17292, МНТЦ по проекту 2151 і субконтракту з Корнельським університетом США по проекту DE-PC03-2NA 0057. This study was supported in part by the International Science and Technology Center (grant no. 2151), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 04-02-17292, 05-02-17533), and Cornell University (subcontract under project no. DE-PC03-2NA 0057). 2006 Article Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion / A.V. Agafonov, S.Yu. Gus’kov, G.V. Ivanenkov, A.R. Mingaleev, S.A. Pikuz, T.A. Shelkovenko, V.M. Romanova, A.E. Ter-Oganesyan, S.I. Tkachenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 49-51. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.80.Qj https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78777 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| spellingShingle |
Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц Agafonov, A.V. Gus’kov, S.Yu. Ivanenkov, G.V. Mingaleev, A.R. Pikuz, S.A. Shelkovenko, T.A. Romanova, V.M. Ter-Oganesyan, A.E. Tkachenko, S.I. Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
A wire explosion in a gaseous and condensed media extends possibilities of study of phase transitions of the
wire material. We studied the influence of the external media (air, water and oil) on the explosion of Cu, Ni and W
wires of diameter 10…50 µm. Wires were exploded by the current pulse with the rise time from 200 to 300 ns and
the amplitude up to 10 kA. The pulse was produced by a generator based on a low-inductance capacitor, the discharge
voltage being 20 kV. Experimental results are discussed on obtaining the wire explosion images in gaseous
and liquid media with the help of hard X-ray radiation of an X-pinch in the BIN facility. Exploded wires were
placed outside the BIN vacuum chamber and images were registered on the film without magnification. Spatial resolution
was limited by film grain structure, and reached 20…30 µm. Spectral range of the imaging radiation (15…
30 keV) was determined by vacuum chamber window material, film sensitivity and thickness of the media where
wire was exploded. Temporal resolution was about 10…20 ns and depended on X-pinch wire material and thickness. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Agafonov, A.V. Gus’kov, S.Yu. Ivanenkov, G.V. Mingaleev, A.R. Pikuz, S.A. Shelkovenko, T.A. Romanova, V.M. Ter-Oganesyan, A.E. Tkachenko, S.I. |
| author_facet |
Agafonov, A.V. Gus’kov, S.Yu. Ivanenkov, G.V. Mingaleev, A.R. Pikuz, S.A. Shelkovenko, T.A. Romanova, V.M. Ter-Oganesyan, A.E. Tkachenko, S.I. |
| author_sort |
Agafonov, A.V. |
| title |
Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion |
| title_short |
Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion |
| title_full |
Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion |
| title_fullStr |
Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion |
| title_sort |
using of x-pinch as a source in x-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2006 |
| topic_facet |
Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78777 |
| citation_txt |
Using of X-pinch as a source in X-ray radiography studying of initial stage of wire explosion / A.V. Agafonov, S.Yu. Gus’kov, G.V. Ivanenkov, A.R. Mingaleev, S.A. Pikuz,
T.A. Shelkovenko, V.M. Romanova, A.E. Ter-Oganesyan, S.I. Tkachenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 49-51. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| fulltext |
USING OF X-PINCH AS A SOURCE IN X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY STUDY-
ING OF INITIAL STAGE OF WIRE EXPLOSION
A.V. Agafonov, S.Yu. Gus’kov, G.V. Ivanenkov, A.R. Mingaleev, S.A. Pikuz,
T.A. Shelkovenko, V.M. Romanova, A.E. Ter-Oganesyan, S.I. Tkachenko*
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Leninsky Prosp. 53, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia
E-mail: agafonov@sci.lebedev.ru
*Institute for High Energy Densities, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Izhorskaya Str. 13/19, Moscow, 125412, Russia
A wire explosion in a gaseous and condensed media extends possibilities of study of phase transitions of the
wire material. We studied the influence of the external media (air, water and oil) on the explosion of Cu, Ni and W
wires of diameter 10…50 µm. Wires were exploded by the current pulse with the rise time from 200 to 300 ns and
the amplitude up to 10 kA. The pulse was produced by a generator based on a low-inductance capacitor, the dis-
charge voltage being 20 kV. Experimental results are discussed on obtaining the wire explosion images in gaseous
and liquid media with the help of hard X-ray radiation of an X-pinch in the BIN facility. Exploded wires were
placed outside the BIN vacuum chamber and images were registered on the film without magnification. Spatial res-
olution was limited by film grain structure, and reached 20…30 µm. Spectral range of the imaging radiation (15…
30 keV) was determined by vacuum chamber window material, film sensitivity and thickness of the media where
wire was exploded. Temporal resolution was about 10…20 ns and depended on X-pinch wire material and thick-
ness.
PACS: 52.80.Qj
Fast explosion (dI/dt ~ 50 A/ns) of thin conductors
was carried out in a setup based on a capacitor with a
storage capacitance of: C = 0.1 µF, Lс = 10 nH,
Umax = 35 kV. The working voltage was 20 kV. Total
inductivity of the discharge circle is L = 340 nH; the
length of discharge gap is 12 mm. For the radiography
of the exploding wire in media, we used hard radiation
from an electron beam generated in an X-pinch minid-
iode of BIN generator with peak current of 270 kA and
of 150 ns FWHM.
An X-pinch plasma is generated using two (or more)
fine wires arranged so that they cross and touch at a sin-
gle point, forming an "X" shape, as the load of a high
current pulsed power generator (pulser). In the crossing
area, a micropinch develops that emits in a wavelength
range of 1…10 keV, which depends on the material and
diameter of the wire, as well as on the parameters of the
current pulse [1]. In specific cases, the X pinch provides
a very small size (~1 µm), short duration (<100 ps),
bright X-ray burst of thermal radiation (~1 keV). The
high brightness of the radiation from a tiny volume and
a predictable location offer the possibility of using the
X-pinch micropinches as sources of X-ray radiation for
different applications, — above all as an X-ray back-
lighter for point-projection radiography (Fig.1).
Such scheme does not need any optical elements; its
space and temporal resolution depend on a size and du-
ration of radiation flash. In this connection an optimiza-
tion of the hot spot parameters plays an important part,
i.e. the increasing of the energy input at minimal size of
the source, as well as developing of schemata of multi-
frame radiography [2–4]. At present, X-pinch is suc-
cessfully applied for the radiography of multiwire loads
in the experiments on the high-current facilities such as
MAGPIE [5] and Angara [6].
Immediately after the X-ray burst, the plasma neck
in the X-pinch breaks [2], which is accompanied by the
generation of high-energy (10…100 keV) electrons. The
size of this electron source is 0.1…1 mm [7]. The long
components of the harder x-ray radiation began 5…
20 ns after the short component and had a 20…40 ns
pulse durations. Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radi-
ation caused by the electron beam can also be used for
the radiography of dense plasma objects, − particularly
for contact radiography of the objects with sizes more
than 50 µm and opaque for the softer radiation [8].
Since this radiation is rather rough, it can be used out-
side the vacuum chamber and take images in condensed
media.
In our experiments, a relatively large object was
placed at a distance of 30…150 cm from the radiation
source and its image was recorded on an X-ray film
without magnification (the so-called contact image). We
used a lucite filter with a thickness of 10…12 mm and
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.49-51. 49
Fig.1. (a) Schematic diagram of point-projection
imaging. (b) X pinch configurations used in the exper-
iments when the two (b) or multiwire (c) X pinches
were placed between the output electrodes of the high
current diode alone (b, c) or with two in parallel (d)
or in series (e)
cutoff energy of 10 keV. At a large distance from the ra-
diation source, the spatial resolution of the method was
limited only by the resolution of the photofilm. A
schematic of the radiography diagnostics beyond the
vacuum chamber of the BIN generator is shown in
Fig.2.
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of X-ray radiography of the
wire exploding outside the vacuum chamber using an
auxiliary generator
Figs.3,a and 3,b illustrate the explosion of a 50-µm
tungsten wire in water and air, respectively. The water
chamber in which the wire was exploded was placed at
a distance of 120 cm from the X-pinch. Since X-pinch
radiation passed through a 10-mm lucite window of the
vacuum chamber, 1-m air gap, 1-mm plastic wall of the
water chamber, and 10 mm of water with the total cutoff
energy about 12 keV, we used four-wire tungsten or
molybdenum X-pinches emitting at the photon energy
range of higher than 12 keV. X-ray images of both un-
exploded and exploded wires are shown in Figs.3,c and
3,e as an illustration of the spatial resolution and sensi-
tivity of the diagnostics. In Fig.3,e, one can see a wire
core (expanded up to 2.3 mm) with a well resolved
structure. The density distributions inferred from the
densitograms of the cores shown in Figs.3,a and 3,b are
presented in Figs.3,d and 3,f, respectively. It can be seen
from these density distributions that the core of a wire
exploding in water is tubular in structure. The mean ex-
pansion velocity of the tungsten wire core is about
0.9×105 cm/s in water and 2.8×105 cm/s in air. The low-
er expansion velocity of the core in water (as compared
to that in air) can be related to the higher specific densi-
ty of water: the higher the density, the higher is the re-
sistance to expansion. It is also seen from the X-ray im-
ages that, in air, the outer boundary of the core begins to
lose its cylindrical symmetry, whereas in water, it is still
cylindrically symmetric. From rough estimates of the
density of the tungsten wire core shown in Fig.3,e (as-
suming the distribution of the matter to be uniform), it
follows that the sensitivity of the method is better than
2.3×10–4 g/cm2 (or 1018 cm–2).
This study was supported in part by the International
Science and Technology Center (grant no. 2151), the
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no.
04-02-17292, 05-02-17533), and Cornell University
(subcontract under project no. DE-PC03-2NA 0057).
REFERENCE
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ma Physics. 2001, v.8, p.216.
2. T.A. Shelkovenko, D.B. Sinars, S.A. Pikuz,
K.M. Chandler and D.A. Hammer. Point-projection
x-ray radiography using an X pinch as the radiation
source // Rev. Sci. Instr. 2001, v.72, p.667-670.
3. T.A. Shelkovenko, S.A. Pikuz, D.B. Sinars et al.
Proc. of SPIE. 2001, v.4501, p.180.
4. T.A. Shelkovenko, S.A. Pikuz, D.B. Sinars et al. //
IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 2002, v.30, p.567.
5. S.V. Lebedev, S.N. Bland, F.N. Beg et al.// Rev.
Sci. Instr. 2001, v.72, p.671.
6. V.V. Aleksandrov, M.V. Fedulov, I.N. Frolov et al.
AIP Conf. Proc. 2001, v.651, p.87.
7. T.A. Shelkovenko, S.A. Pikuz, V.M. Romanova et
al. Proc. of SPIE. 2004, v.5156. p.36.
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40
b.
c. d.
µ m
1 mm
5 mm 5 mm
e. f.
a.
100 µ m
t=970 ns t=850 ns
b.
c. d.
µ m
1 mm
5 mm 5 mm
e. f.
a.
100 µ m
b.
c. d.
µ m
1 mm
5 mm 5 mm
e. f.
a.
100 µ m
t=970 ns t=850 ns
Fig.3. Radiographs of a 50-µm tungsten wire exploding in (a) water (at t = 960 ns) and (b) air (at t = 850 ns). The ra-
diographs were obtained using an X-pinch radiation source with a photon energy of higher than 12 keV. (c, e) Densi-
tograms of the exploding wires and (d, f) reconstructed density profiles (in arbitrary units). In plot (c), a densitogram of
a segment of the wire before its explosion is also shown to illustrate spatial resolution
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ Х-ПИНЧА В РЕНТГЕНОВСКИХ РАДИОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
ВЗРЫВА ПРОВОЛОЧЕК
А.В. Агафонов, С.Ю. Гуськов, Г.В. Иваненков, А.Р. Мингалеев, С.А. Пикуз, Т.А. Шелковенко, В.М. Рома-
нова, А.Е. Тер-Оганесян, С.И. Ткаченко
Исследование взрыва проволочек в газообразной и конденсированной среде позволяет получать инфор-
мацию о фазовых переходах в материале проволочки. Мы исследовали влияние внешней среды (воздух,
вода, масло) на взрыв проволочек диаметром 30…50 мкм из Cu, Ni и W. Взрыв проволочек осуществлялся
импульсом тока с фронтом 200…300 нс и амплитудой до 10 кА, формируемым в накопителе на основе низ-
коиндуктивного конденсатора, заряжаемого до напряжения 20 кВ. Изображения проволочек в газообразной
и жидкой средах регистрировались на пленке без увеличения по жесткому рентгеновскому излучению, гене-
рируемому в X-пинче установки БИН. Пространственное разрешение изображений ограничивалось структу-
рой пленки и составляло 20…30 мкм. Спектральный состав излучения (15…30 кэВ) зависел от параметров
выводного окна, чувствительности пленки и толщины среды, внутри которой находилась проволочка. Вре-
менное разрешение составляло 10…20 нс и зависело от материала и толщины излучающей нагрузки X-пин-
ча.
Работа выполнена при частичной поддержке РФФИ по грантам 05-02-17533, 04-02-17292, МНТЦ по
проекту 2151 и субконтракту с Корнельским университетом США по проекту DE-PC03-2NA 0057.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ Х-ПіНЧУ В РЕНТГЕНІВСЬКИХ РАДІОГРАФІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ
ВИБУХУ ДРОТИКІВ
А.В. Агафонов, С.Ю. Гуськов, Г.В. Іваненков, А.Р. Мінгалєєв, С.А. Пікуз, Т.А. Шелковенко,
В.М. Романова, А.Е. Тер-Оганесян, С.І. Ткаченко
Дослідження вибуху дротиків у газоподібному й конденсованому середовищі дозволяє одержувати
інформацію про фазові переходи в матеріалі дротика. Ми досліджували вплив зовнішнього середовища
(повітря, вода, масло) на вибух дротиків діаметром 30...50 мкм із Cu, Nі і W. Вибух дротиків здійснювався
імпульсом струму із фронтом 200...300 нс і амплітудою до 10 кА, сформованим у накопичувачі на основі
низькоіндуктивного конденсатора, що заряджається до напруги 20 кВ. Зображення дротиків у
газоподібному і рідкому середовищах реєструвалися на плівці без збільшення по твердому рентгенівському
випромінюванню, генеруємому в X-пінче установки БІН. Просторове розділення зображень обмежувалось
структурою плівки і становило 20...30 мкм. Спектральний склад випромінювання (15...30 кеВ) залежав від
параметрів вивідного вікна, чутливості плівки і товщини середовища, усередині якого перебував дротик.
Часове розділення становило 10...20 нс і залежало від матеріалу і товщини випромінюючого навантаження
X-пінча.
Робота виконана при частковій підтримці РФФІ по грантах 05-02-17533, 04-02-17292, МНТЦ по проекту
2151 і субконтракту з Корнельським університетом США по проекту DE-PC03-2NA 0057.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.49-51. 49
REFERENCE
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