On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator
Experiments were made to investigate the operation of the modulator in combination with the storage capacitor,
 using the nonlinear properties of the core material of the pulse transformer for the formation of long pulses. Studies
 were made on the parameters of voltage pulses at the...
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| Published in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Date: | 2006 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2006
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| Cite this: | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator / V.V. Zakutin, N.K. Reshetnyak, V.P. Romas’ko, I.A. Chertishchev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 120-122. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. —англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860160917698772992 |
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| author | Zakutin, V.V Reshetnyak, N.K. Romas’ko, V.P. Chertishchev, I.A. |
| author_facet | Zakutin, V.V Reshetnyak, N.K. Romas’ko, V.P. Chertishchev, I.A. |
| citation_txt | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator / V.V. Zakutin, N.K. Reshetnyak, V.P. Romas’ko, I.A. Chertishchev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 120-122. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. —англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Experiments were made to investigate the operation of the modulator in combination with the storage capacitor,
using the nonlinear properties of the core material of the pulse transformer for the formation of long pulses. Studies
were made on the parameters of voltage pulses at the secondary winding of the pulse step-up transformer. We have
considered the influence of the PT core demagnetization current and voltage on the shape of the output signal.
Проведены эксперименты по исследованию работы модулятора с накопительной емкостью, с целью использования нелинейных свойств материала сердечника импульсного трансформатора для формирования импульсов большой длительности. Изучались параметры импульсов напряжения на вторичной обмотке импульсного трансформатора. Рассмотрено влияние тока размагничивания сердечника импульсного трансформатора и напряжения на форму выходного сигнала.
Проведені експерименти по дослідженню роботи модулятора з накопичуваною ємністю, з метою
використовування нелінійних властивостей матеріалу осердя імпульсного трансформатора задля
формування імпульсів великої довжини. Вивчалися параметри імпульсів напруження на вторинній обмотці
імпульсного трансформатора. Розглянуто вплив струму розмагнічування та напруги на форму вихідного
імпульсу.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:54:34Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
ON LENGTHENING THE VOLTAGE PULSE DURATION OF A LIN-
EAR MODULATOR
V.V. Zakutin, N.K. Reshetnyak, V.P. Romas’ko, I.A. Chertishchev
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
Experiments were made to investigate the operation of the modulator in combination with the storage capacitor,
using the nonlinear properties of the core material of the pulse transformer for the formation of long pulses. Studies
were made on the parameters of voltage pulses at the secondary winding of the pulse step-up transformer. We have
considered the influence of the PT core demagnetization current and voltage on the shape of the output signal.
PACS: 41.75.Fr, 87.50.Mn
1. INTRODUCTION
Powerful electron beams present one of the effective
means for modifying the surface properties of materials.
This is currently central for strengthening reactor struc-
tural materials, improving their wear resistance, and in-
creasing the service life of reactor components. Being
exposed to the beam, the material surface is quickly
heated up to the transformation temperatures to a depth
of about the range of particles in the given material, and
then it is allowed to cool. It has been demonstrated in
refs. [2,3] that the optimum parameters of the electron
beam for modification of material surfaces are as fol-
lows: electron energy 100…400 keV, power density on
the material surface under treatment 1…5 MW/cm2,
pulse duration 5…50 µs.
In recent years, consideration has been given to
magnetron guns with cold secondary-emission cathodes
in crossed fields [3]. These guns have a number of ad-
vantages: they are simple in design, retain emission af-
ter letting to air, and their service life may attain
100,000 hours. They hold promise for their use as elec-
tron sources for modification of material surfaces. For
power supply of these guns, it is necessary to have a
pulse modulator with long pulse duration (up to 100 µs).
The generation of such pulses is a rather complicated
task. It appears reasonable to make use of the nonlinear
properties of the core material [4] of the pulse trans-
former for the formation of long pulses in the modulator
with the use of a storage capacitor and a pulse trans-
former. The present paper is concerned with the studies
into the possibility of creating the pulse modulator for
energizing the magnetron gun with a secondary-emis-
sion cathode.
2. THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND THE
RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
The experiments were performed at the setup
schematically presented in Fig.1. The figure gives the
circuit of the pulse modulator with the storage capacitor
C =1.5 µF (load resistance Rl = 880 Ω). At discharge of
the storage capacitor to measure the generator resis-
tance, additional resistors Radd = 12 Ω, 21Ω, 36 Ω were
connected in series with the storage capacitor. Studies
were made on the parameters of voltage pulses at the
secondary winding of the pulse step-up transformer
(PT) for the discharge of the storage capacitor through
the PT, at different currents of PT core demagnetization
(Idem = - 20A…+20A) and different output voltages. The
signals are taken from the secondary winding of the PT
via the potentiometer-type voltage divider and are sup-
plied to the attenuator unit, which makes it computer-as-
sisted measuring system [5].
Fig.1. Measurement circuit
The pulses were registered by means of a possible to
match the signal amplitudes for their further transforma-
tion and processing in the ADC and PC. The signals are
registered in the digital form in steps of 200 ns. The
measuring error ranges within 1 to 2%.
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DIS-
CUSSION
The output voltage pulse is substantially influenced
by the current of PT core demagnetization. By varying
the demagnetization current Idem it is possible to vary the
working point position on the hysteresis loop with its
shift into the nonlinear region of the loop, where the
magnetizing inductance of the PT decreases, and hence,
the pulse shape changes.
The effect of demagnetization current, and corre-
spondingly, of the PT working point position on the pa-
rameters of the pulse was investigated for the modulator
with the storage capacitor. We have considered the influ-
ence of the PT core demagnetization current on the shape
of the output signal at a constant output voltage (Fig.2). It
can be seen from the figure with a decrease in the current
Id the voltage pulse duration in the secondary winding of
the PT also decreases. For example, at Id = + 20 A the
pulse duration makes 14 µs, while at Id = - 20A the pulse
lasts 4.5 µs.
Fig.3 shows the pulse duration in the secondary
winding of the PT as a function of the output voltage at
a demagnetization current of + 20A (the demagnetiza-
tion current value was chosen from the consideration of
the PT operation in the linear part of the hysteresis
loop). At low voltage amplitude values the voltage pulse
falls off practically linearly. At high voltage values, two
stages may be distinguished in the voltage drop: at the
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.120-122.120
first stage the voltage drops slowly, while at the second
stage it drops quickly. In the first case, this is due to the
operation in the linear part of the hysteresis loop, and in
the second case the working point is shifted to the non-
linear part of the hysteresis loop, and the sag of the
pulse becomes more abrupt.
Fig.2. Output signal shape versus demagnetization cur-
rent. 1 – Id = + 20A; 2 – Id = + 5A; 3 – Id = 0;
5 – Id = - 20A
Fig.3. Pulse length as a function of output voltage am-
plitude
The wave resistance of the discharge circuit of the
modulator with the storage capacitor (measured with the
use additional resistor Radd) has been determined to be
~ 1.5 Ω. This result is necessary for calculating the pa-
rameters of the modulator.
Fig.4. Normalized output voltage pulses of amplitudes:
1 – 120 kV; 2 – 107 kV; 3 – 100 kV; 4 – 85 kV;
5 - 75 kV. The demagnetization current is 20 A
Figure 4 shows the voltage pulses of different ampli-
tudes at the PT secondary winding, which were normal-
ized to their maximum value. It is seen that up to a cer-
tain moment of time (for 9 µs) all the pulses drop by the
same law; the sag of the pulse for 9 microseconds
makes 17%.
The sag of the pulse can be reduced by connecting
an additional inductor Ladd, in series with the storage ca-
pacitor [6]. Calculations were made to find the depen-
dence of the pulse shape on different values of addition-
al inductance. Results of calculations ousted in the Ta-
ble, which gives the following pulse parameters: the
maximum amplitude U/U0, front time τ, duration at a
20% sag of a pulse τ0.8. It is clear from the table that
with a series connection of the additional inductor the
pulse duration increases, and the sag of the pulse gets
reduced. But in this case the pulse amplitude also de-
creases, while the pulse rise time increases.
The pulse parameters
Ladd ,µH t, µs τ0.8 ,µs U/U0
0 0.7 9 0.77
40 2.7 11.4 0.67
60 4 12.1 0.65
100 6 13.6 0.61
4. CONCLUSION
The present measurements and calculations have
demonstrated that nonlinear properties of the pulse
transformer core material may be used for the formation
of long pulses in a modulator. This leads to a decrease
in the pulse decay time. By introducing an additional in-
ductor it appears possible to form the shape of the pulse
peak so as to obtain nearly a rectangular voltage pulse.
REFERENCES
1. G. Mueller, H. Bluhm, V. Engelko, D. Yatsenko.
Pulsed electron beams facilities (GESA) for sur-
face treatment of materials // Vacuum. 2001, v.62,
h.211.
2. G. Mutller, A. Heinzel, J. Konys et al. Results of
steel corrosion test in flowing liquid Pb/Be at
420-600°C after 2000h // Journal of Nuclear Ma-
terials. 2002, v.301(1), p.40.
3. Yu.Ya. Volkolupov, A.N. Dovbnya, V.V. Zakutin
et al. Electron beam generation in the magnetron
diode with a metallic secondary-emission cathode
// ZhTF. 2001, v.71, №7. p.98-104. (in Russian)
4. Pulsed magnetic generators / Ed.
L.A. Meyerovich. M.: “Sov. Radio”, 1968 (in
Russian).
5. V.N. Boriskin, N.I. Ayzatsky, V.A.Gurin et al.
Multichannel system for research of secondary-
emission pulse electron beam generation // Prob-
lems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series:
Nuclear Physics Investigations. 2004, №1, p.118-
119.
6. G.A. Mesyats. Generation of powerful nanosec-
ond pulse. M.: “Sov. Radio”, 1974 (in Russian).
112
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ УВЕЛИЧЕНИИ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ИМПУЛЬСА НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ ЛИНЕЙНОГО
МОДУЛЯТОРА
В.В. Закутин, Н.Г. Решетняк, В.П. Ромасько, И.А. Чертищев
Проведены эксперименты по исследованию работы модулятора с накопительной емкостью, с целью ис-
пользования нелинейных свойств материала сердечника импульсного трансформатора для формирования
импульсов большой длительности. Изучались параметры импульсов напряжения на вторичной обмотке им-
пульсного трансформатора. Рассмотрено влияние тока размагничивания сердечника импульсного трансфор-
матора и напряжения на форму выходного сигнала.
ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ ТРИВАЛОСТІ ІМПУЛЬСУ НАПРУГИ ЛІНІЙНОГО
МОДУЛЯТОРА
В.В. Закутін, М.Г. Решетняк, В.П. Ромасько, І.А. Чертіщев
Проведені експерименти по дослідженню роботи модулятора з накопичуваною ємністю, з метою
використовування нелінійних властивостей матеріалу осердя імпульсного трансформатора задля
формування імпульсів великої довжини. Вивчалися параметри імпульсів напруження на вторинній обмотці
імпульсного трансформатора. Розглянуто вплив струму розмагнічування та напруги на форму вихідного
імпульсу.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (46), p.120-122.120
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
К вопросу об увеличении длительности импульса напряжения линейного модулятора
До питання про збільшення тривалості імпульсу напруги лінійного модулятора
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-78871 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:54:34Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Zakutin, V.V Reshetnyak, N.K. Romas’ko, V.P. Chertishchev, I.A. 2015-03-22T09:01:45Z 2015-03-22T09:01:45Z 2006 On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator / V.V. Zakutin, N.K. Reshetnyak, V.P. Romas’ko, I.A. Chertishchev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 2. — С. 120-122. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. —англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 41.75.Fr, 87.50.Mn https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78871 Experiments were made to investigate the operation of the modulator in combination with the storage capacitor,
 using the nonlinear properties of the core material of the pulse transformer for the formation of long pulses. Studies
 were made on the parameters of voltage pulses at the secondary winding of the pulse step-up transformer. We have
 considered the influence of the PT core demagnetization current and voltage on the shape of the output signal. Проведены эксперименты по исследованию работы модулятора с накопительной емкостью, с целью использования нелинейных свойств материала сердечника импульсного трансформатора для формирования импульсов большой длительности. Изучались параметры импульсов напряжения на вторичной обмотке импульсного трансформатора. Рассмотрено влияние тока размагничивания сердечника импульсного трансформатора и напряжения на форму выходного сигнала. Проведені експерименти по дослідженню роботи модулятора з накопичуваною ємністю, з метою
 використовування нелінійних властивостей матеріалу осердя імпульсного трансформатора задля
 формування імпульсів великої довжини. Вивчалися параметри імпульсів напруження на вторинній обмотці
 імпульсного трансформатора. Розглянуто вплив струму розмагнічування та напруги на форму вихідного
 імпульсу. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator К вопросу об увеличении длительности импульса напряжения линейного модулятора До питання про збільшення тривалості імпульсу напруги лінійного модулятора Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator Zakutin, V.V Reshetnyak, N.K. Romas’ko, V.P. Chertishchev, I.A. Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| title | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator |
| title_alt | К вопросу об увеличении длительности импульса напряжения линейного модулятора До питання про збільшення тривалості імпульсу напруги лінійного модулятора |
| title_full | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator |
| title_fullStr | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator |
| title_full_unstemmed | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator |
| title_short | On lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator |
| title_sort | on lengthening the voltage pulse duration of a linear modulator |
| topic | Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| topic_facet | Линейные ускорители заряженных частиц |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78871 |
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