Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility
The paper presents measuring techniques and results of experiments performed within the PF-1000 PlasmaFocus facility in order to investigate the interaction of high-energy deuteron beams (of ED >100 keV) and deuterium plasma streams (of vstr ≥ 10⁷ cm/s) with carbon-based materials, designed for t...
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| Date: | 2005 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2005
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| Cite this: | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility / V.A. Gribkov, A.V. Dubrovsky, R. Miklaszewski, M. Paduch, K. Tomaszewski, M. Scholz, V.N. Pimenov, Yu.E. Ugaste, M.J. Sadowski, E. Skladnik-Sadowska, A. Szydlowski, K. Malinowski, A.V. Tsarenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 92-94. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859819457901232128 |
|---|---|
| author | Gribkov, V.A. Dubrovsky, A.V. Miklaszewski, R. Paduch, M. Tomaszewski, K. Scholz, M. Pimenov, V.N. Ugaste, Yu.E. Sadowski, M.J. Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Szydlowski, A. Malinowski, K. Tsarenko, A.V. |
| author_facet | Gribkov, V.A. Dubrovsky, A.V. Miklaszewski, R. Paduch, M. Tomaszewski, K. Scholz, M. Pimenov, V.N. Ugaste, Yu.E. Sadowski, M.J. Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Szydlowski, A. Malinowski, K. Tsarenko, A.V. |
| citation_txt | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility / V.A. Gribkov, A.V. Dubrovsky, R. Miklaszewski, M. Paduch, K. Tomaszewski, M. Scholz, V.N. Pimenov, Yu.E. Ugaste, M.J. Sadowski, E. Skladnik-Sadowska, A. Szydlowski, K. Malinowski, A.V. Tsarenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 92-94. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The paper presents measuring techniques and results of experiments performed within the PF-1000 PlasmaFocus facility in order to investigate the interaction of high-energy deuteron beams (of ED >100 keV) and deuterium plasma streams (of vstr ≥ 10⁷ cm/s) with carbon-based materials, designed for the first wall of a future thermonuclear reactor of the ICF or MCF type. Particular attention was paid to the verification of diagnostic techniques, which might be used for time- and space-resolved studies of the interaction of ion- and plasmastreams with the targets placed near the cathode outlet inside the experimental device.
У роботі описані вимірювальна техніка і результати експериментів, проведених на плазмовому фокусі PF-1000, спрямованих на вивчення взаємодії высокоенергетичних пучків дейтронів (ED >100 кэВ) і потоків водневої плазми (vstr ≥ 10⁷ см/с) з матеріалами на основі вуглецю, розробленими для використання в ролі першої стінки майбутнього термоядерного реактора на основі інерціального або магнітного утримання. Особлива увага була приділена перевірці працездатності діагностичного устаткування, використовуваного для дослідження з тимчасовим і просторовим дозволом взаємодії іонних і плазмових потоків з мішенями, розташованими поблизу торця катода експериментальної установки.
В работе описаны измерительная техника и результаты экспериментов, проведенных на плазменном фокусе PF- 1000, направленных на изучение взаимодействия высокоэнергетичных пучков дейтронов (ED >100 кэВ) и потоков водородной плазмы (vstr ≥ 10⁷ cм/с) с материалами на основе углерода, разработанными для использования в качестве первой стенки будущего термоядерного реактора, на основе инерциального или магнитного удержания. Особое внимание было уделено проверке работоспособности диагностического оборудования, используемого для исследования с временным и пространственным разрешением взаимодействия ионных и плазменных потоков с мишенями, расположенными вблизи торца катода экспериментальной установки.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:24:07Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE INTERACTION OF ION-
AND PLASMA-STREAMS WITH CARBON-BASED TARGETS
PLACED NEAR A CATHODE OF PLASMA-FOCUS FACILITY
V.A. Gribkov1-3), A.V. Dubrovsky2), R. Miklaszewski3), M. Paduch3), K. Tomaszewski3),
M. Scholz3), V.N. Pimenov1), Yu.E. Ugaste4), M.J. Sadowski3,5), E. Skladnik-Sadowska5),
A. Szydlowski5), K. Malinowski5), A.V. Tsarenko6)
1) The A.A. Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
2) NSC Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, 117218 Moscow, Russia;
3) Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
4) Tallin Pedagogical University, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia;
5) The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ), 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland;
6) Institute of Plasma Physics, KIPT, 310108 Kharkov, Ukraine;
gribkovv@yahoo.com
The paper presents measuring techniques and results of experiments performed within the PF-1000 Plasma-
Focus facility in order to investigate the interaction of high-energy deuteron beams (of ED >100 keV) and
deuterium plasma streams (of vstr ≥ 107 cm/s) with carbon-based materials, designed for the first wall of a future
thermonuclear reactor of the ICF or MCF type. Particular attention was paid to the verification of diagnostic
techniques, which might be used for time- and space-resolved studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-
streams with the targets placed near the cathode outlet inside the experimental device.
PACS: 52.40 Hf; 52.59 Hq; 52.70 Kz; 52.70 La
1. INTRODUCTION
In order to test different materials, which might
be used for the construction of a future thermonuclear
reactor, it is necessary to study behavior of these
materials during the interaction of high-energy
deuteron beams and energetic plasma streams. The
main aim of the recent studies at the IPPLM in
Warsaw, Poland, was to verify applicability of
different measuring techniques and to investigate
some selected targets, e.g. those of the (Cu + C) type.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
In the experiments to be described the use was
made of the PF-1000 facility [1-2]. Energy stored in
the condenser bank was varied from 600 kJ to 800 kJ.
The peak discharge current amounted to 2.3 MA. The
working gas was pure deuterium under the initial
pressure changed from 400 to 600 Pa.
Fig. 1. Internal view of the PF-1000 experimental
chamber, which shows a semicircle support with a
rotating shield
The investigated targets were placed upon a
semicircle support, which was placed inside the main
experimental chamber and had an electrical contact
with walls, as shown in Fig. 1. A distance between the
anode and investigated targets was equal to 15 cm.
The plasma-ion flux density upon the target reached
1010 W/cm2 and the interaction period was 0.1-1.0 µs.
3. STUDY OF DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
The first measuring technique was based on the
recording of the plasma visible radiation (VR)
observed through a slit perpendicular to the discharge
axis, which was placed at a distance of 3 cm from the
anode outlet. That method enabled the “quality” of
successive discharges to be determined as regards the
plasma stream velocity, its compression and
symmetry. It made possible to discern “good shots”
(i.e. fast, symmetrical and high-compression
discharges) from “weak shots” (i.e. slow,
unsymmetrical and low-compression ones), as it is
shown in Fig. 2.
92 Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2005. № 1. Series: Plasma Physics (10). P. 92-94
AA
A↑
BA
↑
mailto:gribkovv@yahoo.com
Fig. 2. Streak-camera pictures of the collapsing
plasma sheath: A - a “weak shot”, B - a “good shot”
The spatial- and temporal-analysis of such smear
pictures made it possible to determine the radial
implosion velocity of the plasma-current sheath
(PCS). It appeared that during the final stage of the
plasma collapse near the axis the PCS velocity was
ca. 107 cm/s for “weak shots” and 3-5Ч107 cm/s for
good ones.
The second measuring technique applied a four-
frame high-speed camera, which was used for the
observation of the VR from the PF-pinch column as
well as that from plasma produced between the pinch
and the investigated target. It made possible:
1) to determine geometry and velocity of the plasma
collapse process, as well as velocity of plasma
streams (jets) emitted along the discharge axis
and shock waves formed in front of the pinch,
2) in some cases to observe the structure of fast ion
beams emitted from the PF-facility and to
estimate their speed,
3) to evaluate a velocity of the expansion of a
secondary plasma produced by fast ions and
plasma jets at the surface of the irradiated target.
An example of a sequence of four pictures, which
was taken for a single shot during the plasma collapse
phase, is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The sequence of four VR frames taken during a
single shot, which demonstrate the formation of the
pinch column. The arrow shows the anode end-plane
Taking into consideration the spatial- and
temporal- calibration of the picture it was found that
for the considered shot the collapse speed was of the
order of 5Ч107 cm/s, what coincided with the previous
measurements performed with the streak-camera.
Other frame pictures, which show the characteristic
cases mentioned above, are presented in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Selected VR frames showing different phases
Fig.4A presents the formation of the shock wave
by the emitted cumulative plasma jet, Fig.4B shows
the emission of fast ion streams from the pinch
column, and Fig.4C visualizes the formation of the
secondary plasma in front of the irradiated target.
Taking into account time intervals between the
recorded frames (usually 10 ns), it was possible to
determine the shock wave velocity (and consequently
the cumulative jet speed of the order of 6-10Ч107
cm/s), to visualize structure and to estimate velocity
of the fast ion streams (above 3Ч108 cm/s), and to
measure the speed of secondary plasma emitted from
the irradiated target (about 107 cm/s). The both
techniques were used to estimate the duration of the
interaction of each stream (plasma and fast ion beam)
on the target surface, their power flux density and a
sequence of their interaction with the samples.
The third measuring technique, which was used in
the reported studies, applied a four-frame camera
recording soft X-rays (SXR). It appeared to be useful
especially for determination of the spatial- and
temporal-localization of the hottest parts of studied
plasma. Some examples are shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The first set (A) presents SXR frames showing
the evolution of the hottest parts of the pinch, and the
second set (B) - the formation of secondary plasma at
the irradiated target
It should be noted that all the above described
techniques have temporal resolution of the order of 1
ns. Their spatial resolution, as determined by lenses
and geometry in cases of VR observations and by an
input diameter of the pinhole camera in the case of
SXR measurements, was about 100 micrometers.
The fourth measuring technique was based on the
use of solid-state nuclear track detectors [3]. That
technique delivered information about fast ion (proton
and/or deuteron) beams emitted from the PF-1000
facility. Since the nuclear track detectors were placed
upon the semicircular support, and the rotating shield
was removed during the investigated shots (Fig. 1),
the obtained ion track images (after their etching)
delivered information about the angular distribution of
the fast ions from chosen shots and their energy
spectrum. The obtained results have supported optical
pictures recorded by means of the 4-frame VR camera
(Fig. 4b). It has been found that the emitted fast
deuteron stream has a conical-like structure with the
93
↑
4
A
B
↑anode surface
2
3
4A B4
↑target surface
1
2
3
1
A
⇑ ⇑
Pinch Shock wave
⇑ ⇑
Pinch Ion beams
⇑ ⇑
Pinch Secondary plasma
B
C
divergence angle (measured to the pinch axis) equal to
about 200. The measured ion-energy distribution,
together with information about the beam configuration and
pulse duration (taken also from four-frame pictures), made it
possible to estimate the ion power flux density.
The fifth diagnostic technique was based on the
application of the optical spectroscopy. It enabled a density
and temperature of plasma produced from the irradiated
targets to be estimated. The recording equipment consisted of
a collimator and quartz light-pipe coupled to the MECHELLE
900 spectrometer, which enabled the optical spectra to be
recorded with the exposition time variable from 100 ns to 200
ms. The applied system had the spatial resolution equal to
about 10 mm. An example of the recorded spectrum is shown
in Fig.6.
Fig. 6. Optical spectrum with the identified lines of C-
ions, as obtained from the PF-1000 experiment
For estimates of the plasma density in the near target
region the use was made of the known Inglis-Teller
formula, which determines a shift of boundary serial and
gives the minimum Ne values [4]:
lg Ne = 23.26 – 7.5 × lg nmax
where nmax is the general quantum number for the last
Balmer line, which is observed as an isolated one (e.g. if
Dβ - n = 4, if Dα - n = 3, etc.).
Qualitative information about the temporal behavior
of the plasma density might be obtained from the
continuum intensity, taking into account that is
proportional to N2. An example is presented in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Temporal evolution of the continuum and
electron concentration in PF-1000 experiment
Temporal changes in the continuum intensity (in
arbitrary units), as presented in Fig.6, were measured
(taking into account the exposition time) at the region λ ~
700 nm. It should be noted that the region λ ~ 400 nm
showed a similar temporal dependence.
The electron temperature (Te) values were also
estimated and analyzed. The Te estimates were performed
using the ratio of intensities of the CIV spectral lines
(doublet 580.1 nm, 581.1 nm) and CIII line (multiplet 465.1
nm), assuming the LTE conditions (due to high Ne values).
Using all these data and the Saha formula, it was possible to
reconstruct “the ionization distribution” for carbon ions.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Scholz, R. Miklaszewski, V.A. Gribkov, F. Mezzetti, PF-1000
device.// Nukleonika (45). 2000, p. 155-158.
[2] M.J. Sadowski, M. Scholz, Recent results of large-scale plasma-
focus experiments.// Proc. 30th EPS Conf. CFPP/ ECA Vol. 27A
2003, P-1.207.
[3] M.J. Sadowski M, E.M. Al-Mashhadani, A. Szydlowski, et al.,
Investigation on the response of CR-39 and PM-355 track
detectors to fast protons in the energy range 0.2-4.5 MeV// Nucl.
Inst Meth. B 86. 1994, p.311-316.
[4] Plasma diagnostics/ edited by W. Lochte-Holtgreven. Amsterdam,
1968.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ИОННЫХ И ПЛАЗМЕННЫХ ПОТОКОВ С
УГЛЕРОДНЫМИ МИШЕНЯМИ, РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫМИ ВБЛИЗИ КАТОДА УСТАНОВКИ ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ
ФОКУС
В.А. Грибков, А.В. Дубровский, Р. Миклашевский, М. Падуш, К. Томашевский, М. Шольц, В.Н. Пименов,
Ю.Е. Угастэ, М. Садовский, Э. Складник-Садовская, А. Жидловский, К. Малиновский, А.В. Царенко
В работе описаны измерительная техника и результаты экспериментов, проведенных на плазменном фокусе PF-
1000, направленных на изучение взаимодействия высокоэнергетичных пучков дейтронов (ED >100 кэВ) и
потоков водородной плазмы (vstr ≥ 107 cм/с) с материалами на основе углерода, разработанными для
использования в качестве первой стенки будущего термоядерного реактора, на основе инерциального или
магнитного удержания. Особое внимание было уделено проверке работоспособности диагностического
оборудования, используемого для исследования с временным и пространственным разрешением
взаимодействия ионных и плазменных потоков с мишенями, расположенными вблизи торца катода
экспериментальной установки.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ІОННИХ І ПЛАЗМОВИХ ПОТОКІВ З ВУГЛЕЦЕВИМИ
МІШЕНЯМИ, РОЗТАШОВАНИМИ ПОБЛИЗУ КАТОДА УСТАНОВКИ ПЛАЗМОВИЙ ФОКУС
В.А. Грибков, А.В. Дубровський, Р. Миклашевський, М. Падуш, К. Томашевський, М. Шольц, В.Н. Пименов,
Ю.Є. Угасте, М. Садовський, Е. Складнік-Садовська, А. Жидловський, К. Маліновський, О.В. Царенко
94
400 440 480 520 560 600
1515
22
29
36
44
51
58
6565
CII
Cu II
Cu II
Cu II
Cu II
CIVCIII
CIII
CIIICII
CII
CIICII
In
te
ns
ity
[a
.u
]
Wavelength [nm]
PF-1000
target Cu + C
φ 5cm, z=15cm
U0 = 26 kV, p0=3Tr D2
shot 4242
The electron density ~1019 cm-3,
from the Quadratic Stark broadening of carbon ion lines.
The electron temperature ~4-5 eV,
from the ratio intensities of carbon lines.)
x103
0 20 40 60 80 100
10
100
1000
PF-1000
P=3 Tr D2, Uc=28 kV
Te
Icont ~ N 2
Te [eV]
Co
nt
in
um
In
te
ns
ity
[a
.u
.]
τ [µ s]
0
2
4
6
8
У роботі описані вимірювальна техніка і результати експериментів, проведених на плазмовому фокусі PF-1000,
спрямованих на вивчення взаємодії высокоенергетичних пучків дейтронів (ED >100 кэВ) і потоків водневої
плазми (vstr ≥ 107 см/с) з матеріалами на основі вуглецю, розробленими для використання в ролі першої стінки
майбутнього термоядерного реактора на основі інерціального або магнітного утримання. Особлива увага була
приділена перевірці працездатності діагностичного устаткування, використовуваного для дослідження з
тимчасовим і просторовим дозволом взаємодії іонних і плазмових потоків з мішенями, розташованими поблизу
торця катода експериментальної установки.
95
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-78884 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:24:07Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Gribkov, V.A. Dubrovsky, A.V. Miklaszewski, R. Paduch, M. Tomaszewski, K. Scholz, M. Pimenov, V.N. Ugaste, Yu.E. Sadowski, M.J. Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Szydlowski, A. Malinowski, K. Tsarenko, A.V. 2015-03-22T10:03:18Z 2015-03-22T10:03:18Z 2005 Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility / V.A. Gribkov, A.V. Dubrovsky, R. Miklaszewski, M. Paduch, K. Tomaszewski, M. Scholz, V.N. Pimenov, Yu.E. Ugaste, M.J. Sadowski, E. Skladnik-Sadowska, A. Szydlowski, K. Malinowski, A.V. Tsarenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 92-94. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.40 Hf; 52.59 Hq; 52.70 Kz; 52.70 La https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78884 The paper presents measuring techniques and results of experiments performed within the PF-1000 PlasmaFocus facility in order to investigate the interaction of high-energy deuteron beams (of ED >100 keV) and deuterium plasma streams (of vstr ≥ 10⁷ cm/s) with carbon-based materials, designed for the first wall of a future thermonuclear reactor of the ICF or MCF type. Particular attention was paid to the verification of diagnostic techniques, which might be used for time- and space-resolved studies of the interaction of ion- and plasmastreams with the targets placed near the cathode outlet inside the experimental device. У роботі описані вимірювальна техніка і результати експериментів, проведених на плазмовому фокусі PF-1000, спрямованих на вивчення взаємодії высокоенергетичних пучків дейтронів (ED >100 кэВ) і потоків водневої плазми (vstr ≥ 10⁷ см/с) з матеріалами на основі вуглецю, розробленими для використання в ролі першої стінки майбутнього термоядерного реактора на основі інерціального або магнітного утримання. Особлива увага була приділена перевірці працездатності діагностичного устаткування, використовуваного для дослідження з тимчасовим і просторовим дозволом взаємодії іонних і плазмових потоків з мішенями, розташованими поблизу торця катода експериментальної установки. В работе описаны измерительная техника и результаты экспериментов, проведенных на плазменном фокусе PF- 1000, направленных на изучение взаимодействия высокоэнергетичных пучков дейтронов (ED >100 кэВ) и потоков водородной плазмы (vstr ≥ 10⁷ cм/с) с материалами на основе углерода, разработанными для использования в качестве первой стенки будущего термоядерного реактора, на основе инерциального или магнитного удержания. Особое внимание было уделено проверке работоспособности диагностического оборудования, используемого для исследования с временным и пространственным разрешением взаимодействия ионных и плазменных потоков с мишенями, расположенными вблизи торца катода экспериментальной установки. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility Експериментальні дослідження взаємодії іонних і плазмових потоків з вуглецевими мішенями, розташованими поблизу катода установки плазмовий фокус Экспериментальные исследования взаимодействия ионных и плазменных потоков с углеродными мишенями, расположенными вблизи катода установки плазменный Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility Gribkov, V.A. Dubrovsky, A.V. Miklaszewski, R. Paduch, M. Tomaszewski, K. Scholz, M. Pimenov, V.N. Ugaste, Yu.E. Sadowski, M.J. Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Szydlowski, A. Malinowski, K. Tsarenko, A.V. Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| title | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility |
| title_alt | Експериментальні дослідження взаємодії іонних і плазмових потоків з вуглецевими мішенями, розташованими поблизу катода установки плазмовий фокус Экспериментальные исследования взаимодействия ионных и плазменных потоков с углеродными мишенями, расположенными вблизи катода установки плазменный |
| title_full | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility |
| title_fullStr | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility |
| title_short | Experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility |
| title_sort | experimental studies of the interaction of ion- and plasma-streams with carbon-based targets placed near a cathode of plasma-focus facility |
| topic | Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| topic_facet | Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78884 |
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