Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode
In this paper the investigations of Penning discharge with the sectioned hollow cathode in hydrogen environment were carried out. As constructional elements of the hollow cathode the Zr50V50 alloy, which is able to absorb hydrogen reversibly was used. Using metal-hydride cathode was shown to allow t...
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| Zitieren: | Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode / V.N. Borisko, Ye.V. Klochko, I.N. Sereda, A.F. Tseluyko, D.V. Zinov'ev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 95-97. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-788852025-02-05T20:30:18Z Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode Дослідження відбивного розряду з секціованим металогидрідним порожнистим катодом Исследование отражательного разряда с секционированным металлогидридным полым катодом Borisko, V.N. Klochko, Ye.V. Sereda, I.N. Tseluyko, A.F. Zinov'ev, D.V. Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction In this paper the investigations of Penning discharge with the sectioned hollow cathode in hydrogen environment were carried out. As constructional elements of the hollow cathode the Zr50V50 alloy, which is able to absorb hydrogen reversibly was used. Using metal-hydride cathode was shown to allow to reduce the voltage of hollow cathode mode exciting. The possibility of hollow cathode mode operating by means of variation of potentials on its sections was investigated. У роботі проведені дослідження розряду Пенінга в середовищі водню із секціонованим порожнистим катодом. Як конструкційні елементи порожнистого катода використовувався сплав Zr50V50, здатний до оборотного поглинання водню. Показано, що застосування металогидрідного порожнистого катода дозволяє зменшити напругу збудження ефекту порожнистого катода. Досліджено можливість керування режимом порожнистого катода шляхом варіювання потенціалами на його секціях. В работе проведены исследования разряда Пеннинга в среде водорода с секционированным полым катодом. В качестве конструкционных элементов полого катода использовался сплав Zr50V50, способный к обратимому поглощению водорода. Показано, что применение металлогидридного полого катода позволяет уменьшить напряжение возбуждения эффекта полого катода. Исследована возможность управления режимом полого катода путем варьирования потенциалами на его секциях. 2005 Article Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode / V.N. Borisko, Ye.V. Klochko, I.N. Sereda, A.F. Tseluyko, D.V. Zinov'ev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 95-97. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.40.Hf https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78885 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
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Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Borisko, V.N. Klochko, Ye.V. Sereda, I.N. Tseluyko, A.F. Zinov'ev, D.V. Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
In this paper the investigations of Penning discharge with the sectioned hollow cathode in hydrogen environment were carried out. As constructional elements of the hollow cathode the Zr50V50 alloy, which is able to absorb hydrogen reversibly was used. Using metal-hydride cathode was shown to allow to reduce the voltage of hollow cathode mode exciting. The possibility of hollow cathode mode operating by means of variation of potentials on its sections was investigated. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Borisko, V.N. Klochko, Ye.V. Sereda, I.N. Tseluyko, A.F. Zinov'ev, D.V. |
| author_facet |
Borisko, V.N. Klochko, Ye.V. Sereda, I.N. Tseluyko, A.F. Zinov'ev, D.V. |
| author_sort |
Borisko, V.N. |
| title |
Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode |
| title_short |
Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode |
| title_full |
Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode |
| title_fullStr |
Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode |
| title_sort |
investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2005 |
| topic_facet |
Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/78885 |
| citation_txt |
Investigation of reflecting discharge with the sectioned metal-hydride hollow cathode / V.N. Borisko, Ye.V. Klochko, I.N. Sereda, A.F. Tseluyko, D.V. Zinov'ev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 95-97. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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2025-11-25T09:35:20Z |
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2025-11-25T09:35:20Z |
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| fulltext |
INVESTIGATION OF REFLECTING DISCHARGE WITH THE
SECTIONED METAL-HYDRIDE HOLLOW CATHODE
V.N. Borisko, Ye.V. Klochko*, I.N. Sereda, A.F. Tseluyko, D.V. Zinov'ev
Kharkov National University, Kurchatov av. 31, 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine,
e-mail: borisko@htuni.kharkov.ua;
*Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
61046, Kharkov, Ukraine
In this paper the investigations of Penning discharge with the sectioned hollow cathode in hydrogen environment
were carried out. As constructional elements of the hollow cathode the Zr50V50 alloy, which is able to absorb
hydrogen reversibly was used. Using metal-hydride cathode was shown to allow to reduce the voltage of hollow
cathode mode exciting. The possibility of hollow cathode mode operating by means of variation of potentials on its
sections was investigated.
PACS: 52.40.Hf
1. INTRODUCTION
Last time the great interest is excited by using gas
discharges with hollow cathodes in different fields of
science and technology. It is caused by a number of
advantages of using this form of cathode in gas
discharge devices of different functions. In this case
electron kinetic energy emitted from cathode and
accelerated in dark cathode layer is efficiently used for
gas ionization. Moreover, almost all ions left plasma of
negative glow come upon the cathode and take part in
process of electron emission from the cathode. At the
same time the drastic increasing of discharge current at
the constant discharge voltage drop or reducing of
discharge voltage at constant current is observed [1-5].
However the differences in physical conditions of
discharges having been used by other authors and, as a
rule, narrowness of investigated pressure ranges do not
allow to establish the basic regularities of physical
processes took part in such discharges. Furthermore,
nonuniform current distribution along the surface of the
hollow cathode, which leads to nonuniform sputtering
of the cathode material and reducing of it’s lifetime,
have been noticed by a number of authors [4,6].
In this work it is offered to use getter
hydrideforming material on base of Zr-V alloy as a
material of hollow cathode. Application of such
reversible sorbents of hydrogen allows significantly
reduce erosion of cathode material at cost of forming
shielding gas target near the surface of the cathode with
following dissipation of particles energy which bombard
such cathode. Moreover, desorption of hydrogen from
such materials leads to significant reduction of thermal
loading as well [7].
At room temperatures, such intermetallic
compounds exhibit the equilibrium pressure not
exceeding 1–10 Pa, the dynamics of sorption-desorption
and hydrogen capacity being improved. The
decomposition of the hydride phases of the above
materials allows to provide for filling hydrogen isotopes
in the range of working temperatures 400–900 K, and
the gas itself releases uniformly. Therefore using such
metal-hydrides allows to realize working gas filling
directly into hollow of the cathode and thereby to
simplify the system of gas feeding.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Investigations of the reflecting discharge in
hydrogen environment with the sectioned metal-hydride
hollow cathode were carried out on the device which
scheme is presented on fig.1. The total length of the cell
was 70 mm. The anode (7) was made from stainless
steel and represented itself hollow cylinder 32 mm in
diameter and 15 mm length. The sectioned hollow
cathode was made from five-disk electrodes 5 mm thick
and 20 mm in diameter with a hollow in the center 6 mm
in diameter. The electrodes of the hollow cathode were
made from getter powder Zr50V50 alloy saturated with
hydrogen and pressed with copper binder. The initial
hydrogen saturation was 230 g/cm3 of the alloy at
standard condition. These electrodes were electrically
insulated from each other through the ceramic insertion
1 mm thick. In the comparative experiments hollow
cathode from copper with the same construction and
dimension was used. The initial working pressure was
established at the expense of external hydrogen supply
in gas discharge gap or directly through the hollow of
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2005. № 1. Series: Plasma Physics (10). P. 95-97 95
Fig. 1. Installation diagram
1 – vacuum chamber; 2 – magnetic system; 3 – ionizing
manometric transformer; 4 – thermocouple manometric
transformer; 5 – ionizing - thermocouple vacuum gage;
6 – anticathode; 7 – anode; 8 – set of cathodes;
9 – pumping; 10 – gas supply; 11 – power supply
the cathode. The change of working pressure was
realized at cost of hydrogen desorption from metal-
hydride hollow cathode under the influence of ion
bombardment. Current-voltage characteristics of the
discharge and change of working pressure was
measured by two-coordinate self-recording devices
PDA-1.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In process of carrying out of the experiments the
current-voltage characteristics of discharge in the
pressure range of (2-8)*10-4 Torr were investigated. At
higher pressures of working gas ion current which
bombards the cathode significantly increased that led to
higher hydrogen emission from metal-hydride at cost of
ion-stimulated desorption. As a result the local increase
of pressure in the hollow of the cathode took place
which led to the transforming of discharge to arc form.
The most typical current-voltage characteristics of
the discharge are present on fig. 2 and 3 (solid curves).
One can see that when using reversible sorbents of
hydrogen as constructive material of the cathode the
effect of hollow cathode is observed at lesser voltage
drop on the discharge in comparison with copper
cathode. This fact caused by hydrogen desorption from
metal-hydride in vibrationally-exited state, that leads to
reduction of ionization potential on 0,5 eV [8]. This
assumption is confirmed by increasing of working
pressure along with increasing discharge current (fig.2
and 3 dash curves). In case of using metal-hydride
hollow cathode the changing of working pressure is
significant and it conditioned by hydrogen desorption
96
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
4
3
2
1
Pr
es
su
re
, *
10
-4
T
or
r
I d, m
A
U
d
, V
4
3
2
1
Fig. 2 Current-voltage characteristics of the
discharge with cupper hollow cathode (solid curves)
and pressure dependencies on discharge voltage.
H=600 Oe,
1. P=2*10 Torr, 2. P=4*10 Torr,� �
3. P=6*10 Torr, 4. P=8*10 Torr.� �
0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 0 0 0
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
0
2
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
4
3
2
1
3
4
P
re
s
s
u
re
*
1
0
-4
T
o
rr
I d
,
m
A
U
d
, V
2
1
Fig. 3 Current-voltage characteristics of the
discharge with metal-hydride hollow cathode
(solid curves) and pressure dependencies on
discharge voltage. H=600 Oe
1. P=2*10� Torr, 2. P=4*10� Torr,
3. P=6*10� Torr, 4. P=8*10� Torr.
from metal-hydride as a result of decomposition of
hydride phases. Whereas the working pressure for
cupper cathode do not practically change. Hydrogen
filling directly into the hollow of the cathode led to
significant biasing of excitation potential of hollow
cathode mode in lesser values of discharge voltage
direction (fig.4). Such behavior was observed for all
pressure values and magnetic fields having been used in
the experiments.
For the purpose of investigating of possibility to
operate of hollow cathode mode exciting the feeding of
different potentials on the sections of the hollow
cathode was realized. In case of the same negative
potential on the all sections of metal-hydride hollow
cathode the reduction of voltage of hollow cathode
mode exciting was observed. At small potentials (up to
–0,5 kV) the shift on the size of order of applied
negative potential was observed. While at higher
potentials (up to –2 kV) the reduction of voltage did not
exceed 1 kV.
The behavior of discharge in case of positive
potential feeding in the range of 0,5–2 kV on the middle
section of the hollow cathode (the rest were under
ground potential) was investigated. At such potentials
feeding on sections of the cathode the case of modified
hollow cathode is realized, where complementary anode
inside of the hollow is formed. The magnitude of
discharge current at that distinctly reduced and biasing
of excitation potential of hollow cathode mode in higher
values of discharge voltage direction was observed.
Such behavior was typical for the whole range of
investigated pressures of working gas and was more
pronounced at hydrogen filling into the hollow of the
cathode (fig.5). In such modified hollow cathode the ion
confinement worse in comparison with conventional
hollow cathode and therefore higher voltage drop on
discharge is realized [9]. This, on the other hand, gives
possibility to operate of hole dimension and charge
losing in such modified hollow cathode.
4. CONCLUSION
Thus, as a result of carried out experimental
investigations of reflecting discharge with sectioned
hollow cathode it was shown that using metal-hydride
as constructive elements of hollow cathode allows
reduce hollow cathode excitation voltage. Hydrogen
filling into the hollow of metal-hydride cathode leads to
the more significant reduction of hollow cathode
excitation potential as well. The possibility of operating
of hollow cathode excitation mode by potentials
applying on it’s sections was shown. Additional
negative potential (up to –0,5 kV) applying leads to the
biasing of hollow cathode excitation voltage on the size
of order applied negative potential. Applying of positive
potential on the middle section of the cathode leads to
decreasing of discharge current and biasing of excitation
potential of hollow cathode mode in higher values of
discharge voltage direction. At that the possibility to
operate of hole dimension and charge losing in it
appears.
REFERENCES
1. A. Güntershultze. Climmentlaudug an
hohlkatoden// Z. für techn. Phys., 1930, Bd 11, S
49 – 59.
2. S.N. Hvoroctovsky. About balance of charged
particles in gas discharge plasma with hollow
cathode // J. Tech. Phys. (50), 1980, №9,
p. 1876 – 1885.
3. V.N. Glazunov, A.S. Metel. About losing
mechanism of fast electrons in glow discharge with
oscillating electrons // J. Tech. Phys. (8), 1982, №5,
p. 1099 – 1104.
4. Jian-Jun Lai, Qing-Ming Chen and Jun-Lin Qiu.
The effect of various magnetic field configurations
on a hollow-cathode discharge//J. Phys. D: Appl.
Phys. (33), 2000, p. 1785 – 1793.
5. D.J. Sturges and H.J. Oskam // Physica (37), 1967,
p. 457.
6. G.V. Grekova , Е.I. Lapshin, G.V. Ohmatovsky,
V.E. Slukin. Discharge current density distribution
along the length of hollow cathode closed form and
width of cathode voltage drop layer // J. Tech.
Phys. (50), 1980, №10, p.2232 – 2234.
7. V.N. Borisko, I.A. Rudaya, I.N. Sereda.
Peculiarities of applying reversible hydrogen
getters as materials for cathodes in gas discharges
devices // Probl. of Atomic Sci. and Tech. Series:
“Plasma Physics” (1), 2000, p. 82 – 85.
8. Yu.F. Shmal’ko, Ye.V. Klochko, N.V. Lototsky.
Influence of isotopic effect on the shift of the
97
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
H = 6 0 0 O e
1. P = 4 * 1 0 - 4 Torr
2. P = 6 * 1 0 - 4 Torr
3. P = 8 * 1 0 - 4 Torr
3
2
1
I d, m
A
Ud, k V
Fig. 4 Current-voltage characteristics of the
reflecting discharge with metal-hydride hollow
cathode in case of hydrogen filling into the hollow
of the cathode
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3
2
1
I d, m
A
U
d
, kV
P=6*10-4 Torr
H=600 Oe
1. U
3t
= ground potential
2. U
3t
=+0,5 kV
3. U
3t
=+2 kV
Fig. 5. Current-voltage characteristics of the
reflecting discharge with metal-hydride hollow cathode
in case of positive potential feeding into middle section
of the cathode
ionization potential of hydrogen desorbed from
metal hydride surface // Int. I. Hydrogen energy,
(21), 1996, p. 1057 – 1059.
9. R.R. Arslanbekov, A.A. Kudryavtsev and R.C.
Tobin. On the hollow-cathode effect: conventional
and modified geometry // Plasma Sources Sci.
Tech.(7), 1998, p. 310 – 322.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОТРАЖАТЕЛЬНОГО РАЗРЯДА С СЕКЦИОНИРОВАННЫМ
МЕТАЛЛОГИДРИДНЫМ ПОЛЫМ КАТОДОМ
В.Н. Бориско, Е.В. Клочко, И.Н. Середа, А.Ф. Целуйко, Д.В. Зиновьев
В работе проведены исследования разряда Пеннинга в среде водорода с секционированным полым катодом.
В качестве конструкционных элементов полого катода использовался сплав Zr50V50, способный к
обратимому поглощению водорода. Показано, что применение металлогидридного полого катода позволяет
уменьшить напряжение возбуждения эффекта полого катода. Исследована возможность управления
режимом полого катода путем варьирования потенциалами на его секциях.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВІДБИВНОГО РОЗРЯДУ З СЕКЦІОВАНИМ МЕТАЛОГИДРІДНИМ
ПОРОЖНИСТИМ КАТОДОМ
В.М. Бориско, Є.В. Клочко, І.М. Середа, О.Ф. Целуйко, Д.В. Зінов’єв
У роботі проведені дослідження розряду Пенінга в середовищі водню із секціонованим порожнистим
катодом. Як конструкційні елементи порожнистого катода використовувався сплав Zr50V50, здатний до
оборотного поглинання водню. Показано, що застосування металогидрідного порожнистого катода дозволяє
зменшити напругу збудження ефекту порожнистого катода. Досліджено можливість керування режимом
порожнистого катода шляхом варіювання потенціалами на його секціях.
98
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