The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models
Influence of the pulse tubular relativistic electron beam on the structure of near-surface layer of steel 45 has been studied. It is shown that in the range of contact between the tubular beams and target the convexity and junction zones are arise. The convexity is characterized by the structure w...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2004
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| Cite this: | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models / V.F. Klepikov, V.F. Kivshyk, S.V. Berezovsky, V.V. Lytvynenko, V.V. Bryukhovetsky, N.I. Bazaleev, V.V. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 1. — С. 215-217. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859695715550232576 |
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| author | Klepikov, V.F. Kivshyk, V.F. Berezovsky, S.V. Lytvynenko, V.V. Bryukhovetsky, V.V. Bazaleev, N.I. Uvarov, V.V. |
| author_facet | Klepikov, V.F. Kivshyk, V.F. Berezovsky, S.V. Lytvynenko, V.V. Bryukhovetsky, V.V. Bazaleev, N.I. Uvarov, V.V. |
| citation_txt | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models / V.F. Klepikov, V.F. Kivshyk, S.V. Berezovsky, V.V. Lytvynenko, V.V. Bryukhovetsky, N.I. Bazaleev, V.V. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 1. — С. 215-217. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Influence of the pulse tubular relativistic electron beam on the structure of near-surface layer of steel 45 has
been studied. It is shown that in the range of contact between the tubular beams and target the convexity and
junction zones are arise. The convexity is characterized by the structure with microporosity and the junction zone
has a high porosity. The thermodynamic model is proposed to describe the modulated structures appearing in the
irradiated objects.
Вивчено вплив дії імпульсного трубчатого пучка релятивістських електронів на структурний стан
приповерхневого шару сталі 45. Показано, що у місці контакту стінки трубчатого пучка з мішенню виникає
випукле утворення, яке характеризується дрібнопористою структурою, а також перехідна зона з
підвищеною пористістю. Запропоновано термодинамічну модель опису модульованих структур, які
виникають у опромінюваних об’єктах.
Изучено влияние воздействия импульсного трубчатого пучка релятивистских электронов на структурное
состояние приповерхностного слоя стали 45. Показано, что в области контакта стенки трубчатого пучка с
мишенью возникает выпуклое образование, характеризующееся мелкопористой структурой, а также
переходная зона с повышенной пористостью. Предложена термодинамическая модель описания
модулированных структур, возникающих в облучаемых объектах.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-01T00:58:56Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNDERSURFACE LAYER OF ALLOYS IN
THE REGION OF INFLUENCE OF THE RELATIVISTIC TUBE-LIKE
ELECTRON BEAM AND THERMODYNAMIC MODELS
V.F. Klepikov1), V.F. Kivshyk1), S.V. Berezovsky, V.V. Lytvynenko1), V.V. Bryukhovetsky1),
N.I. Bazaleev1), V.V. Uvarov2)
1)Scientific and Technological Center of Electrophysics, NAS of Ukraine;
28, Chernyshevsky Str., P.O.BOX 8812, UA-61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
tel.: (0572) 404720, fax: (0572) 475261;
e-mail: ntcefo@yahoo.com;
2) National Science Center "Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology",
1, Akademicheskaya st., UA-61108, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Influence of the pulse tubular relativistic electron beam on the structure of near-surface layer of steel 45 has
been studied. It is shown that in the range of contact between the tubular beams and target the convexity and
junction zones are arise. The convexity is characterized by the structure with microporosity and the junction zone
has a high porosity. The thermodynamic model is proposed to describe the modulated structures appearing in the
irradiated objects.
PACS: 29.17.+w
1.INTRODUCTION
One of the prospective ways of modifying the
properties of materials is the electrophysical treatment
[1]. The treatment with the pulse beam of relativistic
electrons leads to the alteration of physical and chemical
undersurface layer of materials that is often used to
obtain durable and protective coatings. At present, the
investigations are conducted to develop technologies for
the treatment of materials with powerful energy fluxes
having the predefined form provided by the
configuration of a cathode of an emitter. Due to the
heterogeneous distribution of energy through the cross
section of the beam the values of the modifiable
parameters, e.g. microhardness, are different on the
surface and in the volume of the irradiation object. It is
emphasized in paper [2] that under the influence of
powerful microsecond beams the pressure oscillations
are created in the solid target being displayed as wave-
like alterations of the microhardness along the irradiated
zone. Therefore, it is interesting to study that the
structure features of the undersurface layer modified by
the tube-like beam of electrons, and to develop the
technique of describing the modulated structures and
soliton-like states which appear in the irradiated object.
2.EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND
DISSCUSION
The initial plates of the steel 45 of thickness 3 mm
were irradiated with the high-current impulse beam of
relativistic electron having the density of energy 910
2W / sm (the beam energy bE 0.5MeV≈ , the
current bI 4kA≈ , the pulse width sb
6105 −⋅≈τ ).
The cylindrical cathodes were used as the electron
emitter, which generated the tube-like electron flux [3].
The rate of cooling of the melted part of the target was
of the order 610 K / s .
Fig. shows the microstructure of the undersurface
layer of steel 45 in the region of the most intensive
influence of the pulse tube-like electron beam (the
region of influence of the beam edge). The etching of
the grinded samples did not show the existence of the
crystal structure of the steel 45 plates. This could
witness that the condensation of the melted part of the
target leads to the amorphyzation of the undersurface
layer.
The wave of compression and decompression
formed under the beam influence is able to cause both
the wavy alteration of microhardness and the
heterogeneous distribution of cavitation.
The later is the characteristic feature of the
undersurface layer modified by this way. It is possible
to distinguish three characteristic zones of the region of
influence being considered (fig.). The melted zone has
microdispersed cavitation. Then the region with highly
pronounced oriented cavitation follows where the size
of caves substantially exceeds that size in the preceding
zone. The zone of thermal influence is again
characterized by the microcaves.
3.THERMODYNAMICAL MODEL
The spatially modulated states with the order
parameter (x)ϕ , arising in alloys under the beam
influence are described with the minimum of the
thermodynamic potential pf the form:
.)()(∫
++′−′′+Φ=Φ 4222
0 2
ϕϕϕγϕ
pqdx (1)
pq,,γ are the material parameters.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 1.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (42), p.215-217.
215
mailto:ntcefo@yahoo.com
____ 15 µm
The microstructure of the undersurface layer of the
steel 45 in the region of the most intensive influence of
the pulse tube-like electron beam
Such one-component and one-dimensional models
are not only the convenient objects for investigating the
general aspects of theory but also reflect the concrete
situations in different physical systems (modulated
structures in ferroelectrics and magnetics [4], spinodal
decomposition etc). The analysis of such models could
be important for investigating the phase transition of the
first and the second order in systems with d > 1
because of the special role the (quasi)low-dimensional
structures can play in these cases.
Expression (1) differs from that one used in earlier
papers devoted to the theory of modulated structures of
one-component OP
The power terms in formula (1) describe the
formation of the homogeneous OP states, meaning the
conventional expansion of thermodynamical potential in
the Landau model. The gradient terms in formula (1)
provide the appearance of the space inhomogeneous
phase described by the expression
...,)](cos[
)](cos[)(
+−
+−=
01
00
3 xxba
xxbaxϕ
ii aa < <+ 1 , (2) (4)
which is the solution of the linearized VDE for the
functional (1) 0=Φ δ ϕδ . The consideration of 4ϕ
(and 6ϕ ) terms, in fact, does not change the linear
character of solution (1). This circumstance gave rise to
some doubts in the capability of model (1) to describe
the succession of phase transitions: normal phase →
modulated phase → commensurate phase. This
succession of phase transitions is successfully described
in the theory of the systems characterized by the two-
component OP and which have the symmetry admitting
the existence of Lifshits’ invariants.
In the theory the states of soliton lattice type are
known to be the consequence of competition and
compromise between the Lifshits' invariants transfering
the system into modulated state and the Dzyaloshinsky's
invariants )cos( φρ mw m
a +1 characterizing the high-
order anisotropy and describing the energy of
commensurability. From the physical point of view this
means that the consideration of the Dzyaloshinsky's
invariants open the channel of the energy redistribution
among different states by means of, for instance, the
transfer processes.
The presented consideration has the character of
useful analogy that helps us in finding the partial
solutions of equation (2) and in understanding the
properties of g -term. But we should keep in mind that
the appearance of the modulated structure type solutions
are usually connected with the existence of the long-
range interactions in the system. Expelling the terms
describing the contribution of long-range fields we get
the non-local terms depending only on OP. If we do not
take into account the concrete mechanism of realisation
of long-range interaction, non-linear terms acquire the
form.
4. CONCLUSION
It is found that due to the influence of pulse tube,-
like relativistic one, the zone subjected to melting and
forthcoming condensation has the amorphous structure
with the cavitations of different dispersion. The zone of
transition to the melted part of the target is characterized
with large oriented caves. The analysis of the soliton
solutions with allowance for the derivatives of higher
orders is the promising apparatus for description of the
modulated structures.
REFERENCES
1. N.I.Bazaleev V.F.Klepikov, V.V.Lytvynenko
Electrophysical radiation technology (in Russian).
Kharkiv: “Аcta”, 1998, p. 206.
2. Yu.E.Kolyada. Formation of a layered structure of
a metal strengthening zone under irradiation with
the pulsed high-current electron beam // Problems
of atomic science and technology. Series: “Nuclear
Physics Investigations” (38). 2001, № 3, p. 184-
186.
3. V.F.Кlepikov, А.G.Ponomarev, G.V. Skachek //
Visnyk Kharkivs’kogo Universytety. 2000, № 469,
v. 1(9), p. 56.
4. S.V.Berezovsky, V.F.Klepikov, V.Yu.Korda. Phase
analysis of modulated structures of order parameter.
// Ukrains’kyj Fizychnyj Zhutnal. 1997, v. 42,
p. 889-893.
216
СТРУКТУРА ПРИПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО СЛОЯ СПЛАВОВ В ОБЛАСТИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ
РЕЛЯТИВИСТСКОГО ТРУБЧАТОГО ПУЧКА ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ
И ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ
В.Ф. Клепиков, В.Ф. Кившик, С.В. Березовский, В.В. Литвиненко, В.В. Брюховецкий, Н.И. Базалеев,
В.В. Уваров
Изучено влияние воздействия импульсного трубчатого пучка релятивистских электронов на структурное
состояние приповерхностного слоя стали 45. Показано, что в области контакта стенки трубчатого пучка с
мишенью возникает выпуклое образование, характеризующееся мелкопористой структурой, а также
переходная зона с повышенной пористостью. Предложена термодинамическая модель описания
модулированных структур, возникающих в облучаемых объектах.
СТРУКТУРА ПРИПОВЕРХНЕВОГО ШАРУ СПЛАВІВ У МІСЦІ ДІЇ РЕЛЯТИВІСТСЬКОГО
ТРУБЧАТОГО ПУЧКА ЕЛЕКТРОНІВ ТА ТЕРМОДИНАМІЧНІ МОДЕЛІ
В.Ф. Клепіков, В.Ф. Ківшик, С.В. Березовський, В.В. Литвиненко, В.В. Брюховецький, М.І. Базалєєв,
В.В. Уваров
Вивчено вплив дії імпульсного трубчатого пучка релятивістських електронів на структурний стан
приповерхневого шару сталі 45. Показано, що у місці контакту стінки трубчатого пучка з мішенню виникає
випукле утворення, яке характеризується дрібнопористою структурою, а також перехідна зона з
підвищеною пористістю. Запропоновано термодинамічну модель опису модульованих структур, які
виникають у опромінюваних об’єктах.
REFERENCES
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79078 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-01T00:58:56Z |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Klepikov, V.F. Kivshyk, V.F. Berezovsky, S.V. Lytvynenko, V.V. Bryukhovetsky, V.V. Bazaleev, N.I. Uvarov, V.V. 2015-03-25T20:45:46Z 2015-03-25T20:45:46Z 2004 The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models / V.F. Klepikov, V.F. Kivshyk, S.V. Berezovsky, V.V. Lytvynenko, V.V. Bryukhovetsky, N.I. Bazaleev, V.V. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 1. — С. 215-217. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79078 Influence of the pulse tubular relativistic electron beam on the structure of near-surface layer of steel 45 has been studied. It is shown that in the range of contact between the tubular beams and target the convexity and junction zones are arise. The convexity is characterized by the structure with microporosity and the junction zone has a high porosity. The thermodynamic model is proposed to describe the modulated structures appearing in the irradiated objects. Вивчено вплив дії імпульсного трубчатого пучка релятивістських електронів на структурний стан приповерхневого шару сталі 45. Показано, що у місці контакту стінки трубчатого пучка з мішенню виникає випукле утворення, яке характеризується дрібнопористою структурою, а також перехідна зона з підвищеною пористістю. Запропоновано термодинамічну модель опису модульованих структур, які виникають у опромінюваних об’єктах. Изучено влияние воздействия импульсного трубчатого пучка релятивистских электронов на структурное состояние приповерхностного слоя стали 45. Показано, что в области контакта стенки трубчатого пучка с мишенью возникает выпуклое образование, характеризующееся мелкопористой структурой, а также переходная зона с повышенной пористостью. Предложена термодинамическая модель описания модулированных структур, возникающих в облучаемых объектах. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Применение ускоренных пучков The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models Структура приповерхневого шару сплавів у місці дії релятивістського трубчатого пучка електронів та термодинамічні моделі Структура приповерхностного слоя сплавов в области воздействия релятивистского трубчатого пучка электронов и термодинамические модели Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models Klepikov, V.F. Kivshyk, V.F. Berezovsky, S.V. Lytvynenko, V.V. Bryukhovetsky, V.V. Bazaleev, N.I. Uvarov, V.V. Применение ускоренных пучков |
| title | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models |
| title_alt | Структура приповерхневого шару сплавів у місці дії релятивістського трубчатого пучка електронів та термодинамічні моделі Структура приповерхностного слоя сплавов в области воздействия релятивистского трубчатого пучка электронов и термодинамические модели |
| title_full | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models |
| title_fullStr | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models |
| title_full_unstemmed | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models |
| title_short | The structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models |
| title_sort | structure of the undersurface layer of alloys in the region of influence of the relativistic tube-like electron beam and thermodynamic models |
| topic | Применение ускоренных пучков |
| topic_facet | Применение ускоренных пучков |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79078 |
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