Design of STRAUS-R accelerator
The paper presents a design of the direct-operation high-current electron accelerator STRAUS-R that is a modification of STRAUS-2 now in force. The accelerator is aimed at generating single bremsstrahlung pulses in the mode of electron beam focusing on the target. According to the calculations it sh...
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-792342025-02-09T17:08:13Z Design of STRAUS-R accelerator Проект ускорителя СТРАУС-Р Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. Mikhailov, E.S. Laptev, D.V. The paper presents a design of the direct-operation high-current electron accelerator STRAUS-R that is a modification of STRAUS-2 now in force. The accelerator is aimed at generating single bremsstrahlung pulses in the mode of electron beam focusing on the target. According to the calculations it should provide for getting the dose (Si) of 0.2÷0.25 Gy at a 1 meter distance from the target, the electron beam current being equal to 50÷60 kA, boundary energy of electrons – to 2.7÷3.0 MeV, bremsstrahlung pulse duration – to ≤ 50 ns and beam diameter on the target – to ≤ 5 mm. The description and results of numerical simulation of physics processes taking place in the accelerator are given. 2001 Article Design of STRAUS-R accelerator / V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov, E.S. Mikhailov, D.V. Laptev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 56-58. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS numbers: 29.17.+w https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79234 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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The paper presents a design of the direct-operation high-current electron accelerator STRAUS-R that is a modification of STRAUS-2 now in force. The accelerator is aimed at generating single bremsstrahlung pulses in the mode of electron beam focusing on the target. According to the calculations it should provide for getting the dose (Si) of 0.2÷0.25 Gy at a 1 meter distance from the target, the electron beam current being equal to 50÷60 kA, boundary energy of electrons – to 2.7÷3.0 MeV, bremsstrahlung pulse duration – to ≤ 50 ns and beam diameter on the target – to ≤ 5 mm. The description and results of numerical simulation of physics processes taking place in the accelerator are given. |
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Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. Mikhailov, E.S. Laptev, D.V. |
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Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. Mikhailov, E.S. Laptev, D.V. Design of STRAUS-R accelerator Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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Gordeev, V.S. Myskov, G.A. Mikhailov, E.S. Laptev, D.V. |
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Gordeev, V.S. |
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Design of STRAUS-R accelerator |
| title_short |
Design of STRAUS-R accelerator |
| title_full |
Design of STRAUS-R accelerator |
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Design of STRAUS-R accelerator |
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Design of STRAUS-R accelerator |
| title_sort |
design of straus-r accelerator |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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2001 |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79234 |
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Design of STRAUS-R accelerator / V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov, E.S. Mikhailov, D.V. Laptev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 56-58. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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2025-11-28T10:36:31Z |
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| fulltext |
DESIGN OF STRAUS-R ACCELERATOR
V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov, E.S. Mikhailov, D.V. Laptev
Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russia Scientific Research
Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF)
607188, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod region, Russia
E-mail: gordeev@expd.vniief.ru
The paper presents a design of the direct-operation high-current electron accelerator STRAUS-R that is a modifica-
tion of STRAUS-2 now in force. The accelerator is aimed at generating single bremsstrahlung pulses in the mode of
electron beam focusing on the target. According to the calculations it should provide for getting the dose (Si) of
0.2÷0.25 Gy at a 1 meter distance from the target, the electron beam current being equal to 50÷60 kA, boundary en-
ergy of electrons – to 2.7÷3.0 MeV, bremsstrahlung pulse duration – to ≤ 50 ns and beam diameter on the target – to
≤ 5 mm. The description and results of numerical simulation of physics processes taking place in the accelerator are
given.
PACS numbers: 29.17.+w
The experiments on electron beam focusing on the
STRAUS-2 accelerator [1] have shown the possibility
of using the facilities of this type as “point” sources of
high-power single bremsstrahlung pulses with the dura-
tion of several tens of nanoseconds. Such sources are of
interest for a set of applications, in particular, for pulsed
X-rays radiography of high-speed processes. In this con-
nection there occurred the necessity of developing and
creating the facility with a relatively “soft” spectrum of
bremsstrahlung (Eboundary ≤ 3 MeV), ~50-ns pulse dura-
tion and ~0.2 Gy (Si) dose at 1-meter distance from the
target. On the basis of a well-developed in VNIIEF
technology of stepped forming lines there was devel-
oped the design of such accelerator that was called
STRAUS-R. As a prototype of this facility STRAUS-2
accelerator [1-3] was used.
Fig. 1. Structural scheme of STRAUS-R accelerator.
In Fig. 1 there is presented the structural scheme of
STRAUS-R accelerator. Into the facility there are incor-
porated the following constituents:
- generator of pulsed voltage GIN-700,
- high-voltage pulse forming system on the basis
of a double stepped forming line (DSFL),
- diode assembly with an output vacuum chamber
and a focusing unit (FU),
- high-voltage synchronization system (HVSS),
- automated system of control and monitoring as
well as technological and auxiliary systems.
The latter systems includes high-voltage charging
units (HVCU), systems of vacuum pumping, gas filling,
electrolyte filling, water and oil preparation.
The forming system with the diode and focusing
units whose structural scheme is presented in Fig. 2 is
the main functional section of the accelerator. As well
as in the STRAUS-2 accelerator the high-voltage pulse
forming system is based on DSFL consisting of five
sections of homogeneous lines with the following
impedances: Z1=0.9 Ohm, Z2=0.8 Ohm, Z3=1.9 Ohm,
Z4=3.2 Ohm and Z5=18 Ohm. As differentiated from
STRAUS-2 this DSFL possesses the unfolded configu-
ration and the electric length of line sections composing
it is longer by a factor of 1.5 (τ0 ≈ 30 ns). The internal
volume of DSFL is filled with de-ionized water with ≥
5 MΩ⋅cm resistivity used as dielectric substance. To
charge DSFL to 600-700 kV voltage there will be used
8-cascade generator GIN-700 made in accord with
Arkadiev-Marx scheme (Fig. 3). In each cascade two
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (38), с. 56-58.
56
capacitors of IEPM-100-0.4 type of 0.4 µF capacitance
are used. These capacitors have comparatively small di-
mensions (225×176×422 mm3), they possess sufficiently
high discharge current (≤100 kA) and low intrinsic in-
ductance (≤ 50 nH). The GIN-700 capacitance in shock
constitutes about 100 nF and it is matched to the DSFL
capacitance (96 nF). The maximum energy store is 32
kJ at the charging voltage of 100 kV. In the first three
cascades of the generator there are installed controlled
three-electrode discharge switches of trigatron type,
while in the others – two-electrode ones operating in the
mode of self-breakdown. The elements developed for
LIA-30 accelerator [4] are used in GIN-700 design.
Fig. 2. Structural scheme of STRAUS-R forming system and diode unit.
1 – case; 2 – internal electrode; 3 – high-voltage electrode; 4 – multi-channel switch; 5 – separating di-
aphragm; 6 – pre-pulse switch; 7 – internal electrode of output line; 8 – dielectric tube; 9 – sectioned insu-
lator; 10 – volume of resistive load; 11 – conical electrode; 12 – cathode holder with a cathode unit;
13 - output vacuum chamber; 14 – focusing unit; 15 – anode flange with a target unit.
R1, R2 – resistors of charging circuit (2 kΩ), R3 – resistors of triggering circuit (100-300 Ω).
Fig. 3. Electrical circuit of GIN-700 generator.
DSFL is switched by 20 controlled spark switches of
trigatron type uniformly positioned by the azimuth on
the forming system case. To trigger the switches it is
supposed to use a modified version of the synchroniza-
tion pulse generator GIS [5] experimentally proved as a
part of synchronization systems of LIA-10M and
STRAUS-2 accelerators. The peculiarity of this genera-
tor consists in the formation on two cable loads of puls-
es different by parameters. One of the pulses (amplitude
+60 kV, rise-time ≤ 5 ns) is delivered to the triggering
units of the multi-channel discharge switch through 10
KVI-120 cables (one cable / two switches). The other
pulse (amplitude +130 kV, rise-time ~7 ns) is formed on
KVI-300 cable and serves to trigger the pre-pulse switch
connecting DSFL with the diode unit.
By its design the diode unit is similar to the one used
in STRAUS-2 accelerator. The voltage pulse from the
output of DSFL is delivered to the diode through the ac-
celerating tube produced on the basis of sectioned insu-
lator 0.6 m in diameter and ~0.65 m long. It represents a
set of alternate rings of organic glass and stainless steel
agglutinated with a special compound. The insulator is
placed inside a polyethylene tube and fastened with the
aid of rubber diaphragms. The cavity formed in this case
between the tube and insulator is filled with electrolyte
(water solution of NaCl) serving to align the electric po-
tential along the accelerating tube.
The unit of electron beam focusing was experimen-
tally tested on STRAUS-2 accelerator [1]. It was not
supposed to introduce any changes to its design. It is
produced on the basis of a converging conical line with
self-magnetic insulation. The impedance of the line is
~90 Ohm, its length - ~250 mm. The external electrode
of the line is located inside a cylindrical case of the fo-
cusing unit (fig. 2) and represents a hollow thin-walled
conoid of stainless steel with the base diameter equal to
550 mm and ~45° half-angle. The internal electrode is a
structural continuation of the cathode holder and is at-
tached to the latter through threaded connection. It is
made of stainless steel as well and possesses a conical
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (38), с. 57-58.
57
shape. The cone base diameter is 160 mm, the half-an-
gle is ~10°. At the electrode end an interchangeable
conic cathode header of ∅15/∅10 mm annular edge
produced of W-Ni-Fe alloy is installed. A flange of
stainless steel 100 mm in diameter with the built-in tar-
get unit serves as anode. The accelerating gap consti-
tutes 15 mm in the mode providing for maximal output
dose of bremsstrahlung. The target represents a tantalum
disk 32 mm in diameter (working part - ∅20 mm) and
0.3 mm thick installed in the central hole of the anode
flange. The aluminum filter-absorber of electrons
10-20 mm thick is installed behind the target.
This beam-focusing unit is attractive due to the sim-
plicity of its design and absence of additional power
supplies. The electron beam formation and its focusing
on the target is ensured through the forces of the intrin-
sic magnetic field of the electron beam.
For the presented configuration of STRAUS-R ac-
celerator there were performed numeric calculations of
output electric characteristics. In Fig. 4 there is present-
ed a calculated voltage pulse in the diode. Its shape is
close to the trapezoidal and its “flat” top is explicit. Its
amplitude is approximately equal to 3 MV, while the
duration on half-maximum – to ~60 ns. Such pulse
shape is ensured at the cut-in of the pre-pulse switch at
the beginning of the second (working) half-wave of
voltage formed at the output of DSFL 140 ns after the
multi-channel switch operation. The pulse shape of the
diode current coincides with the voltage pulse shape ful-
ly in the concrete, its amplitude constitutes ~50 kA.
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
90 120 150 180 210 240 270
t, ns
V,
k
V
Fig. 4. Calculated diode voltage pulse
of STRAUS-R accelerator.
The above-specified parameters make it possible to
hope for getting the required bremsstrahlung dose of
0.2-0.25 Gy (Si) at a 1-meter distance from the accelera-
tor target. Basing on the calculations the bremsstrahlung
pulse duration should constitute about 50 ns, while the
diameter of the focused on the target electron beam – 4-
5 mm (at half-maximum of current density distribution
over the target).
It should be mentioned that the works in creating
STRAUS-R accelerator are progressing quite quickly.
By now there have been fully developed the designs of
all its systems and assemblies, the required design spec-
ifications have been issued. There have been produced
at large: GIN-700 generator, high-voltage system of
synchronization as well as technological and auxiliary
equipment. There have been as well developed and pro-
duced the automated system of accelerator control and
monitoring. The production of the forming system and
diode unit is being completed now. The works on accel-
erator mounting are scheduled to be performed in the
first half of the coming year of 2002 after the experi-
mental hall intended for allocation of the accelerator is
constructed.
REFERENCES
1. V.S.Gordeev, G.A.Myskov, V.O.Filippov et al. In-
vestigation of STRAUS-2 Pulsed Electron Acceler-
ator Characteristics // Problems of Atomic Science
and Technology. Issue: Nuclear-Physics Research
(35). 1999, No. 4. p. 71-73.
2. V.S.Bossamykin, V.S.Gordeev, A.I.Pavlovskii et
al. STRAUS-2 Electron Pulsed Accelerator // Proc.
9th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque,
NM. 1993, v. 2. p. 910-912.
3. V.S.Bossamykin, V.S.Gordeev, A.I.Pavlovskii et
al. Pulsed Power Electron Accelerators with the
Forming Systems Based on Stepped Transmission
Lines // Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on High Power Parti-
cle Beams (BEAMS-92), Washington, DC. 1992,
v. 1, p. 505-510.
4. V.S.Bossamykin, A.I.Gerasimov, A.I.Pavlovskii et
al. // PTE. 1997. No. 2. p. 5.
5. V.S.Bossamykin, V.S.Gordeev, A.I.Pavlovskii et
al. Linear induction accelerator LIA-10M // Proc.
9th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque,
NM. 1993, v. 2, p. 905-907.
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