Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser
The control system of the high power infrared FEL is built on the base of a two-level distributed system. The system includes the operator interface at the upper level and Input/Output Controllers under supervision of the real time operating system at the lower level. All hardware for the control sy...
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| Published in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Date: | 2001 |
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2001
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| Cite this: | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser / E.I. Gorniker, B.A. Gudkov, Yu.A. Evtushenko, A.A. Kondakov, G.Ya. Kurkin, A.D. Oreshkov, B.K. Ovchar, T.V. Salikova, M.A. Scheglov, S.V. Tararyshkin, A.G. Tribendis, N.A. Vinokurov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 175-177. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860128039051984896 |
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| author | Gorniker, E.I. Gudkov, B.A. Evtushenko, Yu.A. Kondakov, A.A. Kurkin, G.Ya. Oreshkov, A.D. Ovchar, B.K. Salikova, T.V. Scheglov, M.A. Tararyshkin, S.V. Tribendis, A.G. Vinokurov, N.A. |
| author_facet | Gorniker, E.I. Gudkov, B.A. Evtushenko, Yu.A. Kondakov, A.A. Kurkin, G.Ya. Oreshkov, A.D. Ovchar, B.K. Salikova, T.V. Scheglov, M.A. Tararyshkin, S.V. Tribendis, A.G. Vinokurov, N.A. |
| citation_txt | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser / E.I. Gorniker, B.A. Gudkov, Yu.A. Evtushenko, A.A. Kondakov, G.Ya. Kurkin, A.D. Oreshkov, B.K. Ovchar, T.V. Salikova, M.A. Scheglov, S.V. Tararyshkin, A.G. Tribendis, N.A. Vinokurov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 175-177. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The control system of the high power infrared FEL is built on the base of a two-level distributed system. The system includes the operator interface at the upper level and Input/Output Controllers under supervision of the real time operating system at the lower level. All hardware for the control system of the FEL is produced by our institute, which solves several problems of hard real time and reduces cost of equipment.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:43:24Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
CONTROL SYSTEM OF A HIGH-POWER INFRARED
FREE ELECTRON LASER
E.I. Gorniker, B.A. Gudkov, Yu.A. Evtushenko, A.A. Kondakov, G.Ya. Kurkin,
A.D. Oreshkov, B.K. Ovchar, T.V. Salikova, M.A. Scheglov, S.V. Tararyshkin,
A.G. Tribendis, N.A. Vinokurov
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
630090, Prospekt Lavrenteva, 11
Salikova@inp.nsk.su
The control system of the high power infrared FEL is built on the base of a two-level distributed system. The system
includes the operator interface at the upper level and Input/Output Controllers under supervision of the real time op-
erating system at the lower level. All hardware for the control system of the FEL is produced by our institute, which
solves several problems of hard real time and reduces cost of equipment.
PACS numbers: 41.60.Cr
1 INTRODUCTION
The first stage of the FEL (Free Electron Laser)
complex [1] consists of a 1.5 MeV injector, one-track
microtron-recuperator with accelerating RF system, and
submillimeter FEL (Fig. 1). The particle energy is
14 MeV. The bunch repetition rate is 0.022-22.5 MHz,
and the average current is 10-50 mA. The FEL produces
radiation of a 1-10 kW average power with a wave-
length of 100-200 mm. The pulse duration is 20 to
100 psec. The first stage of the FEL is aimed to test the
recuperation of the beam power and to obtain the high
power terahertz radiation.
Fig. 1. First stage of FEL: 1 – electron gun, 2 – RF cavities, 3 – solenoids, 4 – bending magnets,
5 - quadrupole lenses, 6 – FEL optical resonator mirrors, 7 – undulators, 8 – buncher, 9 – outcouple,
10 – beam dump.
The FEL control system is a classical two-level dis-
tributed system consisting of the operator interfaces
(OPI), network, and interfaces to the hardware IOC (In-
put/Output Controllers) created on the base of EPICS
(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)
[2].
At present time, the FEL complex can be divided to
four autonomous parts for automation (Fig. 2). The first
IOC controls the Radio Frequency (RF) system. The
second IOC controls the gun, the third IOC – the mag-
netic system of the microtron, the fourth IOC – the diag-
nostic equipment.
2 SOFTWARE
Software of the control system of the FEL complex
is built on EPICS. EPICS is a set of software tools and
applications for developing of distributed control sys-
tems. The initial EPICS was jointly developed by Ar-
gonne National Laboratory and Los Alamos National
Laboratory for the purpose of controlling Particle Ac-
celerators and Large Experiments. At present time, the
EPICS collaboration includes more than hundred labo-
ratories and universities in USA, Europe and Asia,
which allows development of EPICS at the base of new
computer technologies.
The basic components of EPICS are:
The Operator Interface is a UNIX-based workstation,
which can run EPICS tools for control over a large ex-
perimental complex. Usually it is set of control pro-
grams with operator's panels, editors for creation of the
IOC database and other applications. The OPI level of
the FEL control system contains computers with UNIX
platforms such as Solaris, Linux and LynxOS.
X11-Window, Motif and Tcl/Tk tool kits are used as the
Graphical User Interface (GUI).
The Channel Access (CA) is the mechanism that pro-
vides network-transparent access to the IOC databases.
CA is based on a client-server model. Each IOC server
supports communication with an arbitrary number of
clients. Also OPI or IOC client can communicate with
an arbitrary number of servers. The Local Area Network
supports TCP/IP protocols, and Ethernet is used at the
physical level. All computers of the FEL control system
are connected to a private subnet, which allows a mini-
mal traffic of the network segment.
IOC is a computer under supervision of a real time op-
erating system. A standard IOC contains a VME/VXI
crate with embedded computer and various Input/Output
devices. It is governed by the real time operating system
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2001. №3.
Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (38), с. 175-177.
175
VxWorks. The FEL control system uses the ported ver-
sion of EPICS. IOC includes personal computers (Intel
x86 clone) under supervision of the real time operating
system LynxOS/x86 and governs CAMAC and CANbus
equipment produced by our institute.
The core IOC software consists of a memory-resi-
dent database together with memory-resident structures
describing the contents of the database as well as a set
of processes for monitoring the database. A record is a
description of a physical parameter and equipment that
corresponds to it. A record has fields determining when
the record will be processed. The ported EPICS sup-
ports periodic scanning, program events that were de-
fined by the user, and passive scanning as a result of ex-
ternal requests such as CA operations or processing of a
linked record. The FEL control system uses 14 record
types only. Each record type has a set of device support
routines. The FEL control system uses up to 20 device
support routines, which were written for optimization of
exchange with equipment. All exchange with devices is
executed by a standard mechanism, driver, which sup-
ports synchronous and asynchronous requests.
Records with unique names are prepared at the OPI
level by the Database Configuration Tool (DCT). This
database is loaded to IOC, and user’s applications moni-
tor the equipment via records. EPICS has a miscella-
neous tool kit for data processing and packages for
graphical interface.
3 HARDWARE
The FEL control system is built on personal comput-
ers with Intel x86 processors under supervision of the
real time operating system LynxOS, and hardware in the
standards CAMAC and CANbus produced by our insti-
tute, which reduces cost of automation.
The buses used have low performance, since the
time of full execution of NAF reaches 16 microseconds.
Bit-rate of CANbus depends on the length of cable and
reaches hundred microseconds and more. The whole
control of crash conditions is executed by the hardware.
That is a historical approach of our institute to solution
of hard real time problems via creation of special hard-
ware. A set of devices was created for the FEL control
system: devices for control over propagation of beam in
the injector, a gun driver, devices for control of locks of
doors of the accelerator hall, a driver for monitoring
temperatures, etc.
Fast data exchange between control programs and
equipment is realized with application of CAMAC hard-
ware such as ADC, DAC, digital Input/Output registers,
etc. Slow exchange is made with the help of CANbus
devices, which monitor temperature and currents of
solenoids, lenses, bending magnets and undulators, and
other elements of the magnetic system.
4 STRUCTURE OF THE CONTROL SYS-
TEM
At present, we update the software of the injector
control system, which was created on the base of Win-
dows95 with LabWindows/CVI tool kit. Two variants
of software for the RF control system are being devel-
oped: the first variant uses LabWindows/CVI, the sec-
ond variant is built on the base of EPICS. The control
program under Windows95 executes a range of techno-
logical tasks and all functions of the control system. The
UNIX variant of software executes functions of the con-
176
trol system and supports features of the distributed sys-
tem.
At the OPI level, the RF control program has seven
panels for monitoring parameters of the generators of
the injector RF system and the main RF system as well
as control panels for monitoring three cavities of the in-
jector and sixteen cavities of the main accelerating
structure. RF IOC supports 481 records.
The gun system includes the electrostatic gun, which
emits bunches with frequency up to 22.5 MHz, and de-
vices of the electron-optical beamline of the injector.
The gun’s IOC supports about 250 records. The OPI
program includes a mnemonic diagram of the injector,
where each element is linked with its own control panel.
A click to a mnemonic element generates a window
containing all control information. Now this work is in
progress.
The accelerator-recuperator magnetic system con-
sists of solenoids, quadropole lenses, bending magnets,
undulators, a buncher, and beam correctors in vertical
and horizontal directions with 150 power supplies. The
control of magnetic system requires 150 input channels
and 150 output channels. All data exchange between the
OPI control program and magnetic equipment is slow.
Similarly with the gun program, the OPI control pro-
gram of the magnetic system has a mnemonic diagram.
The OPI programs of the RF system, gun and mag-
netic system log all updates of physical parameters to
the cyclical buffer, which is periodically written to a
file, which helps in analysis of failures of equipment.
The diagnostic IOC includes records to govern the
diagnostic equipment and 150 records to control tem-
perature. The diagnostic system is a set of constantly-
modified applications. At present time, it is being de-
bugged. The control of temperatures is a slow process,
built on CANbus hardware. The OPI program polls all
temperature channels and waits for program events indi-
cating reaching of the lower or upper limit. Temperature
monitoring hardware turns off the electron beam if any
channel reaches the upper limit.
CONCLUSIONS
The EPICS tool kit provides environment for devel-
opment of the FEL control system in the modern state of
computer technologies. The ported version of EPICS al-
lows utilization of hardware made at our institute, which
reduces cost of hardware and software. The average per-
formance of IOC at Pentium III (550 MHz) is equal to
4000 records per second, which is enough to make a
good control system.
REFERENCES
1. N.G.Gavrilov et al. Status of Novosibirsk high
power electron laser project. Free-electron laser
challenges / P.G.O'Shea, H.E.Bennett, eds. 13-14
Feb. 1997, San Jose, California. SPIE, 1997. Page
185-187. (Proc. of SPIE -Intern. soc. For optical en-
gineering; vol. 2988).
2. Website of EPICS collaboration. http://www.ap-
s.anl.gov/epics
http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics
http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79243 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:43:24Z |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Gorniker, E.I. Gudkov, B.A. Evtushenko, Yu.A. Kondakov, A.A. Kurkin, G.Ya. Oreshkov, A.D. Ovchar, B.K. Salikova, T.V. Scheglov, M.A. Tararyshkin, S.V. Tribendis, A.G. Vinokurov, N.A. 2015-03-30T07:35:55Z 2015-03-30T07:35:55Z 2001 Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser / E.I. Gorniker, B.A. Gudkov, Yu.A. Evtushenko, A.A. Kondakov, G.Ya. Kurkin, A.D. Oreshkov, B.K. Ovchar, T.V. Salikova, M.A. Scheglov, S.V. Tararyshkin, A.G. Tribendis, N.A. Vinokurov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2001. — № 3. — С. 175-177. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS numbers: 41.60.Cr https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79243 The control system of the high power infrared FEL is built on the base of a two-level distributed system. The system includes the operator interface at the upper level and Input/Output Controllers under supervision of the real time operating system at the lower level. All hardware for the control system of the FEL is produced by our institute, which solves several problems of hard real time and reduces cost of equipment. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser Система управления мощным инфракрасным лазером на свободных электронах Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser Gorniker, E.I. Gudkov, B.A. Evtushenko, Yu.A. Kondakov, A.A. Kurkin, G.Ya. Oreshkov, A.D. Ovchar, B.K. Salikova, T.V. Scheglov, M.A. Tararyshkin, S.V. Tribendis, A.G. Vinokurov, N.A. |
| title | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser |
| title_alt | Система управления мощным инфракрасным лазером на свободных электронах |
| title_full | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser |
| title_fullStr | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser |
| title_full_unstemmed | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser |
| title_short | Control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser |
| title_sort | control system of a high-power infrared free electron laser |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79243 |
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