Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam
An estimation for power requirements and efficiency of a linear accelerator with transverse focusing by an electron
 beam is presented for the following parameters: proton beam current of 100…300 mA, output energy of
 3 MeV. The results obtained are compared with the parameters of a...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Дата: | 2006 |
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| Мова: | Англійська |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2006
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| Цитувати: | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam / B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 52-54. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860050976601276416 |
|---|---|
| author | Ivanov, B.I. Shulika, N.G. |
| author_facet | Ivanov, B.I. Shulika, N.G. |
| citation_txt | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam / B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 52-54. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | An estimation for power requirements and efficiency of a linear accelerator with transverse focusing by an electron
beam is presented for the following parameters: proton beam current of 100…300 mA, output energy of
3 MeV. The results obtained are compared with the parameters of a demonstration accelerator LEDA (Los-Alamos,
USA). It is shown that under conditions of electron beam recuperation at a level of 90%, the efficiency of the proton
linac with electron transverse focusing can be essentially higher.
Проведена оценка энергозатрат и КПД в линейном ускорителе с поперечной фокусировкой электронным
пучком при токе протонов 100…300 мА, энергии на выходе 3 МэВ. Результаты сопоставлены с параметрами
демонстрационного ускорителя LEDA (Лос-Аламос). Показано, что при рекуперации электронного пучка с
коэффициентом 90% КПД в первом случае может быть существенно выше, чем во втором.
Проведена оцінка енергозатрат та ККД у лінійному прискорювачі з поперечним фокусуванням
електронним пучком при струмі протонів 100…300 мА, енергії на виході 3 МеВ. Результати співставлені з
параметрами демонстраційного прискорювача LEDA (Лос-Аламос). Показано, що при рекуперації
електронного пучка з коефіцієнтом 90%, ККД у першому випадку може бути суттєво вище, ніж у другому.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:00:05Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
POWER REQUIREMENTS FOR A HIGH-CURRENT PROTON LINAC
WITH RADIAL FOCUSING BY AN ELECTRON BEAM
B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: ivanovbi@kipt.kharkov.ua
An estimation for power requirements and efficiency of a linear accelerator with transverse focusing by an elec-
tron beam is presented for the following parameters: proton beam current of 100…300 mA, output energy of
3 MeV. The results obtained are compared with the parameters of a demonstration accelerator LEDA (Los-Alamos,
USA). It is shown that under conditions of electron beam recuperation at a level of 90%, the efficiency of the proton
linac with electron transverse focusing can be essentially higher.
PACS 29. 27 -a
At present, an initial module of super-powerful pro-
ton accelerators (that are either under construction or on
a designing stage) is based on the Radio Frequency
Quadrupole (RFQ) focusing structure (e.g., see [1]).
This type of structure allows the acceleration of the pro-
tons from 100 keV up to several MeVs with CW current
of about 100 mA and transmission coefficient close to
100%. Such results have been recently demonstrated on
the LEDA accelerator with the RFQ structure [2,3].
However, the RFQ-based system has some disad-
vantages, such as overall complexity, and restriction on
the maximal current about of 200 mA. Besides, much of
the input power is spent not on a proton acceleration but
on a proton focusing (e.g., the accelerating field in
LEDA accelerator does not exceed 1.75 MV/m while
the RF field intensity on an electrode surfaces is about
33 MV/m [2]). At the same time, it should be noted that
cost for the suitable klystrons is about two million US
dollars per one megawatt of the RF power [1,4].
In view of the abovementioned remark, this paper
deals with further development of an alternative variant
for the initial module of a high-current (up to 1 A) pro-
ton accelerator with radial focusing by an intense elec-
tron beam [5-8]. Our preliminary numerical simulation
(made in the approximation of predetermined fields) for
the initial accelerator module with the electron beam fo-
cusing (EBF) showed the following: a proton beam with
an initial energy of 100 keV and current of 0.3 A is ac-
celerated up to 3 MeV; the transmission coefficient in
an accelerating mode can reach the value of 99%; the
transversal emittance at the linac outlet is 0.40 mm·mrad
while the input emittance is 0.32 mm·mrad [6]. At the
rates of acceleration comparative to ones in [2], the RF
power ohmic losses are less by one order. But the elec-
tron beam power is varying from 2 to 10 MW in those
calculations. Thus, it is difficult to use such powerful
electron beam.
The recuperation process can decrease the input
power essentially. For example, the recuperation effi-
ciency of 98% for pulsed electron beam with an energy
100 keV and current 25 A, has been obtained experi-
mentally [9]. As for the CW electron beam (energy
100 keV, current 1 A), the recuperation efficiency has
reached 98,6% in experiments [10]. For the recuperation
of non-monoenergetic beams in the RF devices, the
multistage recuperators are used and their efficiency can
be about 95%. In the case of the initial module of accel-
erator with electron beam focusing, the minimal energy
spread of beam electrons can be obtained at the recuper-
ator inlet that makes the recuperation process easier.
The acceleration efficiency turns out to be higher for the
case of the initial module with electron beam focusing
and recuperation than for the LEDA accelerator under
similar conditions (see below).
To exclude the radial losses in the subsequent accel-
erator sections, the transverse mean-square emittance
(RMS Є⊥ ) of the proton beam has to be as less as possi-
ble at the outlet of the high-current initial module. In the
case of the initial module with EBF, results for Є⊥ (ob-
tained by simulation) are presented in [6,7]. As it has
been shown in [6,7], an excessive longitudinal (phase)
focusing of protons causes an increase in radial losses
and emittance Є⊥ due to Coulomb interaction. So, a
longitudinal proton bunch confinement in particular
phase region is preferable to the strong longitudinal fo-
cusing. In that phase region an equilibrium between the
external RF field, Coulomb charge particle interactions,
and the magnetic field influence on the electron beam
can be optimized. Such equilibrium can be implemented
for a proton beam with the current of 300…400 mA and
initial energy spread of 0.5% [6,7]. If the proton beam
current is 100 mA, the optimal initial energy spread
should be about 15% [6].
The interaction between an electron beam and a cav-
ity depends on the initial beam energy. There are three
options: (i) the electron beam takes-off the part of the
RF field energy; (ii) the electron beam gives the part of
its energy to the RF field; (iii) an average energy of the
electron beam remains unchanged.
Figs.1 and 2 illustrate an energy spectrum of axis
electrons at the outlet of the initial accelerator module.
The initial electron energy is 80 keV and 100 keV, re-
spectively. At the cavity outlet the energy spread is
about ±5% for 100 keV-energy electrons (see Fig.2).
Applying a potential of, say, 90 keV in the recuperator
for the electron beam deceleration, one can obtain the
recuperation coefficient, RK , of 85%. As for the elec-
trons of 80 keV initial energy, the energy spread is
±10% and can be decreased by a RF cavity for a beam
demodulation. So, Fig.3 shows the energy distribution
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.52-54.52
mailto:ivanovbi@kipt.kharkov.ua
of axis electrons with the initial energy of 80 keV as the
electron beam passed over the initial module and the de-
modulation cavity at the same frequency of 350 MHz.
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
-16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8
Fig.1
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
-20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12
Fig.2
78,5
79
79,5
80
80,5
81
81,5
-52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47 -46 -45 -44
Fig.3
As it follows from Fig.3, the relative energy spread
of electrons decreases up to 1.3%. If a potential of
78 keV is applied for the electron beam deceleration in
the recuperator, the coefficient of recuperation, KR, is
about 97%. Based on these estimations, let assume
KR=90% for the further calculations.
A Table below presents a comparison of parameters
of the accelerator with RFQ focusing (LEDA), and the
initial module (IM) with electron beam focusing (EBF).
Here, Wp, Ip KR are the energy and current of a proton
beam; We, Ie, KR are the energy, current and recupera-
tion coefficient of an electron beam, correspondingly;
Є in⊥ and Є out⊥ stand for input and output transverse
RMS emittances of the proton beam;
Comparison of parameters of the accelerator with RFQ focusing (LEDA), and the initial module (IM) with electron
beam focusing (EBF)
Parameters We (keV)
Ie (A), KR %
Є⊥,in // Є⊥,out
(mm⋅mrad)
Pkl,E, PRF, PW, PA, PE,R,
PS (MW)
ηAcc=PA/Pkl,,E,
or PA/ΣPEBF,%
KTr, %
LEDA RFQ,
Wp=6.7 MeV,
Ip=100 mA
No e-beam 0.22 // 0.31 Pkl, E=5.6
PRF=3.6
PW=2.93
PA=0.67
12% 94
“½” LEDA,
Wp=3 MeV,
Ip=100 mA
No e-beam 0.22 // <0.31 Pkl, E=2.49
PRF=1.57
PW=1.46
PA=0.30
12% –
IM with EBF,
Wp=3 MeV,
Ip=100 мА
(100±0.5) keV,
Ie=80 A,
90%
0.32 // 0.88 PE,R=0.8
PA=0.30
PW=0.23
PRF=0.53
Pkl,E=0.82
PS=0.1
16.5% 94.6
IM with EBF,
Wp=3 MeV,
Ip=100 мА
(100±15) keV,
Ie=80 A,
90%
0.32 // 0.40 PE,R=0.8
PA=0.30
PW=0.23
PRF=0.53
PS=0.1
17% 98.7
IM with EBF,
Wp=3 MeV,
Ip=300 мА
(100±0.5) keV,
Ie=80 A,
90%
0.32 // 0.64 PE,R=0.8
PA=0.90
PW=0.23
PRF=1.13
PS=0.1
44% 99.4
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.52-54.53
PRF is the total RF power of three klystrons; Pkl is
the klystron power consumption at its efficiency η
kl=65%; PW denotes RF power dissipated into the walls;
PA is the accelerated proton beam power; PER stands for
the power consumption of the electron beam taking into
account the recuperation; PS is the power for magnetic
field generation; ΣPEBF is the total power for proton ac-
celeration by the initial module with EBF; ηAcc is the ac-
celeration efficiency: ηAcc=PA/Pkl,E for the LEDA, and η
Acc=PA/ΣPEBF for the module with EBF; KTr − is the
transmission coefficient for the proton beam during the
acceleration.
Thus, from the energetic point of view, the initial
section of the high-current proton linac with transverse
focusing by the electron beam is an acceptable alterna-
tive to the conventional RFQ-based accelerator. Under
recuperation efficiency of 90%, it is possible to acceler-
ate a proton beam with a current of 300 mA up to ener-
gy of 3 MeV with the acceleration efficiency 44% and
input RF power 1.13 MW (the latter does not exceed the
power of one of three klystrons of the LEDA accelerator
[3]).
REFERENCES
1. N.V. Lazarev, A.M. Kozodaev. Super-power linear
proton accelerators for neutron generators and elec-
tro-nuclear installations (rewiev of projects) //
Atomic Energy. 2002, v.89, №6, p.440-453 (in Rus-
sian).
2. L.M. Young. Operations of the LEDA Resonantly
Coupled RFQ. Proc. of PAC2001, p.309-313.
3. D. Rees, J. Bradley, K. Cummings et al. Design,
Operation and Test Results of 350 MHz LEDA RF
System. Proc. of LINAC98, p.564-566.
4. J. Alessi, D. Raparia, A.G. Ruggiero. A Super-Con-
dition LINAC Driver for the HFBR. Proc. of the XX
Intern. LINAC Conf., p.596-598.
5. B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika. Conception of initial part
of a linear high-current proton accelerator with fo-
cusing by an electron beam // Problems of Atomic
Science and Technology, Series: Plasma Electron-
ics and New Methods of Accelerations. 2003,
№4(3), p.292-295 (in Russian).
6. B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika. Influence of longitudinal
focusing upon transverce emittance changing during of
high-current proton beam acceleration // Problems of
Atomic Science and Technology, Series: Plasma
Electronics and New Methods of Accelerations.
2004, №4(4), p.133-138 (in Russian).
7. B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika. Simulation of bunching
and acceleration of high-current proton beam in a
linear accelerator with focusing by electron beam. //
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology, Se-
ries: Plasma Electronics and New Methods of Ac-
celerations. 2004, №4(4), p.139-144 (in Russian).
8. V.I. Butenko, B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika. Simultane-
ous injection of high-current proton and electron
beams into linear accelerator. // Problems of Atomic
Science and Technology, Series: Plasma Electron-
ics and New Methods of Accelerations. 2004,
№4(4), p.145-148 (in Russian).
9. E.A. Abramian Е.А., A.N. Sharapa. Experiments
on recuperation of electron beam energy // Pribory
and Tehnika Experim., 1971, №2, p.30-32 (in Rus-
sian).
10. A.I. Arenshtam, I.N. Meshkov, V.G. Ponoma-renko
et al. An electron beam with recuperation of parti-
cle energy // Journ. of Tehn. Phys. 1971, v.41, №2,
p.336-339 (in Russian).
ЭНЕРГОЗАТРАТЫ В СИЛЬНОТОЧНОМ ЛИНЕЙНОМ УСКОРИТЕЛЕ ПРОТОНОВ ПРИ РА-
ДИАЛЬНОЙ ФОКУСИРОВКЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫМ ПУЧКОМ
Б.И. Иванов, Н.Г. Шулика
Проведена оценка энергозатрат и КПД в линейном ускорителе с поперечной фокусировкой электронным
пучком при токе протонов 100…300 мА, энергии на выходе 3 МэВ. Результаты сопоставлены с параметрами
демонстрационного ускорителя LEDA (Лос-Аламос). Показано, что при рекуперации электронного пучка с
коэффициентом 90% КПД в первом случае может быть существенно выше, чем во втором.
ЕНЕРГОЗАТРАТИ У СИЛЬНОСТРУМОВОМУ ЛІНІЙНОМУ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧІ ПРОТОНІВ ПРИ
РАДІАЛЬНОМУ ФОКУСУВАННІ ЕЛЕКТРОННИМ ПУЧКОМ
Б.І. Іванов, М.Г. Шуліка
Проведена оцінка енергозатрат та ККД у лінійному прискорювачі з поперечним фокусуванням
електронним пучком при струмі протонів 100…300 мА, енергії на виході 3 МеВ. Результати співставлені з
параметрами демонстраційного прискорювача LEDA (Лос-Аламос). Показано, що при рекуперації
електронного пучка з коефіцієнтом 90%, ККД у першому випадку може бути суттєво вище, ніж у другому.
54
B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika
PACS 29. 27 -a
Fig.1
Fig.2
REFERENCES
Проведена оценка энергозатрат и КПД в линейном ускорителе с поперечной фокусировкой электронным пучком при токе протонов 100…300 мА, энергии на выходе 3 МэВ. Результаты сопоставлены с параметрами демонстрационного ускорителя LEDA (Лос-Аламос). Показано, что при рекуперации электронного пучка с коэффициентом 90% КПД в первом случае может быть существенно выше, чем во втором.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79301 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:00:05Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Ivanov, B.I. Shulika, N.G. 2015-03-30T18:38:13Z 2015-03-30T18:38:13Z 2006 Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam / B.I. Ivanov, N.G. Shulika // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 52-54. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS 29. 27 -a https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79301 An estimation for power requirements and efficiency of a linear accelerator with transverse focusing by an electron
 beam is presented for the following parameters: proton beam current of 100…300 mA, output energy of
 3 MeV. The results obtained are compared with the parameters of a demonstration accelerator LEDA (Los-Alamos,
 USA). It is shown that under conditions of electron beam recuperation at a level of 90%, the efficiency of the proton
 linac with electron transverse focusing can be essentially higher. Проведена оценка энергозатрат и КПД в линейном ускорителе с поперечной фокусировкой электронным
 пучком при токе протонов 100…300 мА, энергии на выходе 3 МэВ. Результаты сопоставлены с параметрами
 демонстрационного ускорителя LEDA (Лос-Аламос). Показано, что при рекуперации электронного пучка с
 коэффициентом 90% КПД в первом случае может быть существенно выше, чем во втором. Проведена оцінка енергозатрат та ККД у лінійному прискорювачі з поперечним фокусуванням
 електронним пучком при струмі протонів 100…300 мА, енергії на виході 3 МеВ. Результати співставлені з
 параметрами демонстраційного прискорювача LEDA (Лос-Аламос). Показано, що при рекуперації
 електронного пучка з коефіцієнтом 90%, ККД у першому випадку може бути суттєво вище, ніж у другому. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Ускорители заряженных частиц Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam Энергозатраты в сильноточном линейном ускорителе протонов при радиальной фокусировке электронным пучком Енергозатрати у сильнострумовому лінійному прискорювачі протонів при радіальному фокусуванні електронним пучком Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam Ivanov, B.I. Shulika, N.G. Ускорители заряженных частиц |
| title | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam |
| title_alt | Энергозатраты в сильноточном линейном ускорителе протонов при радиальной фокусировке электронным пучком Енергозатрати у сильнострумовому лінійному прискорювачі протонів при радіальному фокусуванні електронним пучком |
| title_full | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam |
| title_fullStr | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam |
| title_short | Power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam |
| title_sort | power requirements for a high-current proton linac with radial focusing by an electron beam |
| topic | Ускорители заряженных частиц |
| topic_facet | Ускорители заряженных частиц |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79301 |
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