Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system
The electrical circuit creating a pulse arc is analyzed. The requirements to the elements of an electrical circuit in the electrical discharge circuit applied in the plasma-wave system are considered [1]. For analysis a discharge gap as a loading in the similar circuits is offered. The experience...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2004
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| Cite this: | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system / K.V. Korytchenko, A.N. Dovbnya, Yu.Ya. Volkolupov, Yu.D. Tur, S.M. Shkirida, A.G. Yanchik // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 33-35. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859756480674136064 |
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| author | Korytchenko, K.V. Dovbnya, A.N. Volkolupov, Yu.Ya. Tur, Yu.D. Shkirida, S.M. Yanchik, A.G. |
| author_facet | Korytchenko, K.V. Dovbnya, A.N. Volkolupov, Yu.Ya. Tur, Yu.D. Shkirida, S.M. Yanchik, A.G. |
| citation_txt | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system / K.V. Korytchenko, A.N. Dovbnya, Yu.Ya. Volkolupov, Yu.D. Tur, S.M. Shkirida, A.G. Yanchik // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 33-35. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The electrical circuit creating a pulse arc is analyzed. The requirements to the elements of an electrical circuit in
the electrical discharge circuit applied in the plasma-wave system are considered [1]. For analysis a discharge gap as
a loading in the similar circuits is offered. The experience of practical realization of the circuit under consideration
is given. Dynamics of an energy release in the channel of a pulse arc being characteristic for the chosen discharge
circuit is experimentally established.
Проведено аналіз електричного кола газового розряду. Для аналізу запропоновано розглядати
газорозрядний проміжок у виді навантаження у відповідному колі. Приведено дані з практичної реалізації
такої системи електричного розряду. Динаміка енергетичного балансу в каналі газорозрядного проміжку, що
характеризується обраним розрядним колом, підтверджена експериментально.
Проведен анализ электрической цепи газового разряда. Для анализа предложено рассматривать газоразрядный промежуток в виде нагрузки в соответствующей цепи. Приведены данные по практической реализации такой системы электрического разряда. Динамика энергетического баланса в канале газоразрядного
промежутка, характеризуемая выбранной разрядной цепью, подтверждена экспериментально.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-02T01:58:40Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
REQUIREMENTS TO THE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE SYSTEM USED
IN THE PLASMA-WAVE SYSTEM
K.V. Korytchenko, *A.N. Dovbnya, *Yu.Ya. Volkolupov, *Yu.D. Tur, *S.M. Shkirida,
A.G. Yanchik
Kharkiv Tank Institute of National Technical University “Kharkiv Politechnical Institute”,
St. Poltavsky Shlayh, 192, Kharkiv, Ukraine
*Development Research Complex “Accelerator” of NSC KIPT, Ukraine
E-mail: entropia@rambler.ru
The electrical circuit creating a pulse arc is analyzed. The requirements to the elements of an electrical circuit in
the electrical discharge circuit applied in the plasma-wave system are considered [1]. For analysis a discharge gap as
a loading in the similar circuits is offered. The experience of practical realization of the circuit under consideration
is given. Dynamics of an energy release in the channel of a pulse arc being characteristic for the chosen discharge
circuit is experimentally established.
PAC: 52.35.-g
1. INTRODUCTION
Requirements to the electrical discharge system in
the plasma-wave system (below PWS) are determined
proceeding from the specific features of the loading in
the form of a gas discharge gap and from the task of ef-
fective and fast elevation of a gas temperature. Among
basic factors of the loading determining the perfor-
mance of elements of the discharge system one can con-
sider a nonlinear voltage-current characteristic of a dis-
charge channel, a dependence of a distance between the
electrodes as well as a dependence of electrode materi-
als. It leads to the change of distribution of the voltage
fall values in various parts of the electrical circuit.
The above-mentioned factors determine, first of all,
maximally allowed values of the active resistance of
electrical circuit elements. Due to defining of a ratio be-
tween the loading resistance and the resistance of the
electrical circuit elements the required power balance in
the discharge circuit is achieved, that creates the precon-
ditions for an effective using of the electrical discharge
energy. Also, it is necessary to take into account the
properties of circuit elements, which can considerably
influence on the rate of heating with a current. To real-
ize an insignificant energy input in the course of arc
starting with the use of a pulse transformer as a high-
voltage source, the requirements put to it are again
caused by specific properties of the loading. The later
consist in the dependence of the arcing delay time on
the value of the excess voltage on the loading.
Besides, the specificity of discharge realization in
the plasma-wave system is caused by the requirement of
fast establishment of a condition of a quasi- equilibrium
thermodynamic gas state in the positive column of the
pulse arc. Basing on the study of mechanisms of break-
down and discharge development in gases the condi-
tions of discharge realization in the given device were
chosen. These conditions consist in the following. The
high-voltage pulse should supply a spark break-down of
the gas-filled discharge gap. The further development of
a discharge should occur at a low voltage on electrodes.
The power of a low- voltage source should supply a
high current flowing up to the moment of achievement
of a quasi-equilibrium thermodynamic state of the dis-
charge gas. Thus, the value of the energy spent for the
spark break-down should be as a minimum by the order
of magnitude lower than the energy release during the
short-term arcing.
With respect to the plasma-wave system the total du-
ration of the discharge should be not more than 5·10-5 s,
thus the required value of the released energy for this
period should be not less than 10 J. The voltage on elec-
trodes of the discharge gap during pulsed arcing should
insignificantly differ from the discharge voltage of sta-
tionary arcs.
2. METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF A SPARK
GAP AS A LOADING IN THE ELECTRIC
DISCHRGE CIRCUIT AND GIVING ON ITS
BASIS THE PARAMETERS OF LOADING
It is supposed that in the circuits of a pulse-arc dis-
charge the power of a high-voltage component of a dis-
charge (during formation of the spark channel) is less in
some times than the power of a low-voltage component
(during arc discharge). With respect to the circuit speci-
fied in fig.1, it can be represented by the expression:
С2U2
2/2 < С1U1
2 /2, where С1 and U1 are the capacity and
voltage corresponding to the low-voltage component of
the discharge, С2 and U2 are the capacity and the
voltage corresponding to the high-voltage component of
the discharge. Here it is supposed, that at the final stage
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.33-35. 33
ES
С
1
S
ES
С
2
Т
Discharge gapR
m.
Fig. 1 The circuit of pulse-acr discharge into gas.
С
1
and С
2
– electric capacitor, ES - energy supply,
S – switch, Т – transformer,
R
m.
– resistor for measure
of development of the spark channel its parameters
practically correspond to parameters of the arc discharge.
Taking into account the above-said, it is supposed
that to consider a problem of the energy release efficien-
cy is the most important during arc confining. For this
purpose it is necessary to estimate the parameters of the
arc channel. The latter is possible proceeding from the
experimentally known voltage-current characteristics
(VCC) of positive columns of gas arcs, as well as from
VCC of a vacuum arc with various electrodes [3].
Proceeding from this it is possible to estimate the arc
column resistance knowing the distance between elec-
trodes and the value of the average arc confining cur-
rent. It is necessary also to take into consideration the
influence of an envelope and pressure in the discharge
cavity on VСС of the discharge gap. By VСС of vacu-
um arcs one can determine the value of the resistance
for a current caused by the processes near the electrodes
during the discharge. It should be noted, that the value
of the cathode potential drop is changing insignificantly
at various values of the arc current and, besides, de-
pends on the cathode material. The value of the anode
potential depends of the material and the geometry of
the anode. The latter one influences (via the value of the
current density) on the form of arc binding to the anode
surface resulting in changing the anode potential drop.
At discharge duration less than 100 μs the use of VCC
of stationary arcs results to the error of conductivity of
orders of magnitude, but nevertheless such an approach
allows one to calculate conditions for release of a major
part of energy of the condenser in the discharge gap.
The set of parameters of loading in this case is re-
duced to the following. An initial condition of a task is
the required energy Qd that should be released in the dis-
charge channel during the period ∆t of a short-term arc
confining. It is known, that Qд =Iс
2 Ra·∆t, where Iс is the
average current of arc confining, Ra is the average resis-
tance of the discharge channel during arc confining (i.e.
resistance of a positive column of the arc in gas). The
instantaneous value of resistance R of the arc channel
can be expressed by the function R (I, r), where r is the
distance between electrodes, I is the instantaneous value
of the arc current. Actually, the function of the instanta-
neous resistance R of the arc channel should include
also the time operator of the discharge t. As at constant
values of I and r and of the discharge time t>teq(where teq
is the time of equilibrium condition establishment in the
plasma channel) the value of R becomes minimum it is
offered to apply in the analysis the function R corre-
sponding to the stationary arcs. From here, the opti-
mization of loading parameters is reduced to the setting
of the average arc confining current and distance be-
tween electrodes. Then one should observe the condi-
tion: Req>>Rel, where Rel is the resistance of the near-
electrode regions at the given value of the average arc
confining current.
The chosen value of the distance between electrodes
allows one to determine the minimum voltage of arc
starting taking into account the thermodynamic condi-
tion of gas in the discharge gap and the shape of elec-
trodes. Besides, now it is possible to establish a required
value of the voltage of a low-voltage component of the
discharge.
3. REQUIREMENTS TO ELEMENTS OF
THE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT IN THE CIRCUIT
OF A PULSE-ARC DISCHARGE
It is obvious, that for release of a major part of ener-
gy in the discharge gap the condition: Rn>>Rout should
be observed where Rn is the minimal resistance of the
arc column of the discharge channel, Rout is the resis-
tance of the external electric circuit including the resis-
tance of electrodes at boundary surfaces.
Proceeding from VСС the resistance of the arc chan-
nel in the air environment with its length of 3·10-3 m and
the current of 100 A is less then 10-2Ω. Such a low resis-
tance of the loading results in the specific making of
electrical circuit elements. Besides measures undertaken
for decreasing the length of the electric circuit and for
increasing the cross-section of wires, it is necessary to
take into account the increase of an active resistance
caused by the phenomena of skin effect and proximity
effect (in the pulse transformer) [4].
As a break-down of the discharge gap is character-
ized by the period of discharge delay, it is necessary to
maintain a high voltage at the output of a pulse trans-
former [5]. To realize such a confining is a difficult task
requiring the coordination of loading that practically it
is not possible because of the initial high resistance of
the discharge gap and the low internal resistance of the
primary circuit. Therefore, it is more reasonable to ob-
tain at the output of the pulse transformer a higher volt-
age of a shorter duration, than it is necessary for the
break-down of a discharge gap. In this case the steep
front of voltage increase allows one to decrease the en-
ergy input for a break-down and to reduce the period of
arc starting delay.
One of determining parameters of the discharge is its
duration. Its value undergoes the essential influence of
inductive resistance of circuit elements. Therefore, to
increase the instantaneous power of an energy input into
the discharge, it is necessary to apply lead-in wires and
capacitors with a low value of internal inductance, and
also to supply a low residual inductance of the pulse
transformer at the instant of beginning of the period of
arc discharge.
4. EXPERIMENTAL PART
In the circuit of a pulse-arc discharge the pulse
transformer made by the circuit design (fig.2) was ap-
plied. The core transformer was made from electrotech-
nical steel of mark ЭТ3424 with the complete cross-sec-
tion of 7.5·10-4m2.
The secondary winding was 10 turns of a wire of the
cross-section 2×6 mm2. This winding was made as a
single layer located near of the core.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.33-35.34
Fig.2. Schematics of windings into the transformer
The ratio of the wire diameter to the winding step is
1:2. The conversion coefficient was 1:2. The initial in-
ductance of secondary winding magnetization was
76 μΗ, the leakage inductance was 20 μΗ, for the pri-
mary winding it was 20 μΗ and 10 μΗ, respectively.
The ТГИ2-400/16 gas triode was applied as a switch-
board. The pulse condensers of КВИ-3 mark with a
6×680 nF total capacity were applied in the role of a ca-
pacitor store. The pure resistance of a secondary wind-
ing of the transformer has made 5·10-3 Ω. The active re-
sistance of the communication circuit was 1.4· 210 − Ω.
The condenser of MБГН mark with 200 μF capacitor
was used as a low-voltage capacitor store.
When testing the transformer under loading without
connection into the discharge circuit of the capacity С1
the discharge gap of about 3 mm in the air under atmo-
spheric conditions were broken down with stability. In
this case the charge voltage in the primary circuit was
13.5 kV. In other case, when the capacity С1 was initial-
ly connected into the discharge circuit, a spark had not
been becoming up. When the 6nF capacity was connect-
ed into the circuit instead of above one, the stability of a
spark was restored. It is believed, that in such a circuit
the capacity С1 together with the parasitic capacity the
loadings carried out the function of a capacitor divider
that resulted in a significant fall of amplitude of a high-
voltage pulse on loading. The completion of the given
circuit has allowed us to remove this disadvantage.
The polarity of a charge of capacities was chosen so that
the transformer during arc discharge development car-
ried out the function of a switching pulse transformer.
The measured characteristic curves of current and volt-
age development are given in fig.3. The high-voltage
jump in the given oscillogramm is not visible, though
actually it exists. It is obvious, that the initial steps of
the voltage change curve are caused by the induction of
the transformer without the full saturation of the mag-
netic core.
Further the longer step of the voltage fall curve is
caused by the internal inductance of the capacity C1 and
by the residual inductance of the transformer winding. It
was revealed, that the core pulse transformers in such
circuits made from ferrite are more expedient. The re-
quirements to the allowable internal inductance of the
condenser are to be determined proceeding from a nec-
essary gas heating rate.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The requirements to elements of an electrical circuit
arising on taking into consideration the parameters of
loading in the form of a discharge gap are technically
achievable in the circuits of the pulse-arc discharge.
This circumstance creates an opportunity of application
of such a circuit in the plasma-wave system for forma-
tion of intensive shock waves, as well as, in other tech-
nical devices, where the high-speed electric discharge
way of gas heating is required [1].
REFERENCES
1. K.V.Korytchenko, Yu. Ya.Volkolupov et al. //
JТPh. 2002, v.72, No.4, p.124-125.
2. S.A.Romanenko. Pulse arches in gases. М.: Nauka,
1968, p.195.
3. Yu.P.Rayzer. Gas Discharge Physics. М.: Nauka,
1987, p.591.
4. S.S.Vdovin. Designing pulse transformer. М.: En-
ergiya, 1971, p.147.
5. J.Mik, J.Kreg. Electric break-down in gas. М.: Pub-
lishing house of the foreign literature, 1960, p.495.
ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К СИСТЕМЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО РАЗРЯДА
В ПЛАЗМЕННО-ВОЛНОВОЙ СИСТЕМЕ
К.В. Корытченко, А.Н. Довбня, Ю.Я. Волколупов, Ю.Д. Тур, С.М. Шкирида
Проведен анализ электрической цепи газового разряда. Для анализа предложено рассматривать газораз-
рядный промежуток в виде нагрузки в соответствующей цепи. Приведены данные по практической реализа-
ции такой системы электрического разряда. Динамика энергетического баланса в канале газоразрядного
промежутка, характеризуемая выбранной разрядной цепью, подтверждена экспериментально.
ВИМОГИ ДО СИСТЕМИ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОГО РОЗРЯДУ
У ПЛАЗМОВО-ХВИЛЬОВІЙ СИСТЕМІ
К.В. Коритченко, А.М. Довбня, Ю.Я. Волколупов, Ю.Д. Тур, С.М. Шкирида
Проведено аналіз електричного кола газового розряду. Для аналізу запропоновано розглядати
газорозрядний проміжок у виді навантаження у відповідному колі. Приведено дані з практичної реалізації
такої системи електричного розряду. Динаміка енергетичного балансу в каналі газорозрядного проміжку, що
характеризується обраним розрядним колом, підтверджена експериментально.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.33-35. 35
references
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79322 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-02T01:58:40Z |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Korytchenko, K.V. Dovbnya, A.N. Volkolupov, Yu.Ya. Tur, Yu.D. Shkirida, S.M. Yanchik, A.G. 2015-03-31T08:52:39Z 2015-03-31T08:52:39Z 2004 Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system / K.V. Korytchenko, A.N. Dovbnya, Yu.Ya. Volkolupov, Yu.D. Tur, S.M. Shkirida, A.G. Yanchik // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 33-35. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PAC: 52.35.-g https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79322 The electrical circuit creating a pulse arc is analyzed. The requirements to the elements of an electrical circuit in the electrical discharge circuit applied in the plasma-wave system are considered [1]. For analysis a discharge gap as a loading in the similar circuits is offered. The experience of practical realization of the circuit under consideration is given. Dynamics of an energy release in the channel of a pulse arc being characteristic for the chosen discharge circuit is experimentally established. Проведено аналіз електричного кола газового розряду. Для аналізу запропоновано розглядати газорозрядний проміжок у виді навантаження у відповідному колі. Приведено дані з практичної реалізації такої системи електричного розряду. Динаміка енергетичного балансу в каналі газорозрядного проміжку, що характеризується обраним розрядним колом, підтверджена експериментально. Проведен анализ электрической цепи газового разряда. Для анализа предложено рассматривать газоразрядный промежуток в виде нагрузки в соответствующей цепи. Приведены данные по практической реализации такой системы электрического разряда. Динамика энергетического баланса в канале газоразрядного промежутка, характеризуемая выбранной разрядной цепью, подтверждена экспериментально. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Новые и нестандартные ускорительные технологии Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system Вимоги до системи електричного розряду у плазмово-хвильовій системі Требования к системе электрического разряда в плазменно-волновой системе Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system Korytchenko, K.V. Dovbnya, A.N. Volkolupov, Yu.Ya. Tur, Yu.D. Shkirida, S.M. Yanchik, A.G. Новые и нестандартные ускорительные технологии |
| title | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system |
| title_alt | Вимоги до системи електричного розряду у плазмово-хвильовій системі Требования к системе электрического разряда в плазменно-волновой системе |
| title_full | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system |
| title_fullStr | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system |
| title_short | Requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system |
| title_sort | requirements to the electrical discharge system used in the plasma-wave system |
| topic | Новые и нестандартные ускорительные технологии |
| topic_facet | Новые и нестандартные ускорительные технологии |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79322 |
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