Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag"
The conceptual project of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" is developed. The multislit electromagnetic trap with axisymmetric magnetic field geometry is assumed as a basis of the project. It is most simple and most investigated thermonuclear system. The description of reactor magnetic system...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2005
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| Cite this: | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" / O.A. Lavrent'ev, V.A. Maslov, S.V. Germanova, M.G. Nozdrachov, V.P. Oboznyj, B.A. Shevchuk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 2. — С. 43-45. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860242501248483328 |
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| author | Lavrent'ev, O.A. Maslov, V.A. Germanova, S.V. Nozdrachov, M.G. Oboznyj, V.P. Shevchuk, B.A. |
| author_facet | Lavrent'ev, O.A. Maslov, V.A. Germanova, S.V. Nozdrachov, M.G. Oboznyj, V.P. Shevchuk, B.A. |
| citation_txt | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" / O.A. Lavrent'ev, V.A. Maslov, S.V. Germanova, M.G. Nozdrachov, V.P. Oboznyj, B.A. Shevchuk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 2. — С. 43-45. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The conceptual project of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" is developed. The multislit electromagnetic trap with axisymmetric magnetic field geometry is assumed as a basis of the project. It is most simple and most investigated thermonuclear system. The description of reactor magnetic system, accounts of magnetic fields, ponderomotive forces, electrotechnical accounts of magnetic field coils are given in this paper.
Розроблено концептуальний проект термоядерного реактора "Елемаг" на основі багатощілинної електромагнітної пастки з осесиметричною геометрією магнітного поля. Це - найбільш проста і найбільш досліджена серед електромагнітних пасток термоядерна система. У роботі приведений опис магнітної системи реактора, розрахунки магнітних полів, пондеромоторних сил, електротехнічні розрахунки котушок магнітного поля.
Разработан концептуальный проект термоядерного реактора "Элемаг" на основе многощелевой электромагнитной ловушки с осесимметричной геометрией магнитного поля. Это - наиболее простая и наиболее исследованная среди электромагнитных ловушек термоядерная система. В работе приведены описание магнитной системы реактора, расчеты магнитных полей, пондеромоторных сил, электротехнические расчеты катушек магнитного поля.
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ITER AND FUSION REACTOR ASPECTS
MAGNETIC SYSTEM OF THERMONUCLEAR REACTOR "ELEMAG"
O.A. Lavrent'ev, V.A. Maslov, S.V. Germanova, M.G. Nozdrachov, V.P. Oboznyj, B.A. Shevchuk
Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine, e-mail: lavr@ipp.kharkov.ua
The conceptual project of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" is developed. The multislit electromagnetic trap with
axisymmetric magnetic field geometry is assumed as a basis of the project. It is most simple and most investigated
thermonuclear system. The description of reactor magnetic system, accounts of magnetic fields, ponderomotive forces,
electrotechnical accounts of magnetic field coils are given in this paper.
PACS: 52.55.-s
INTRODUCTION
Creation of thermonuclear reactor on the basis of
electromagnetic trap is the logic result of the "Jupiter"
program [1]. It is supposed, that this purpose will be
achieved by stepwise increase of the sizes and parameters
of experimental installations. Within the framework of the
program the projects of large experimental installations for
researches of plasma confinement by electromagnetic
method were executed: "Jupiter 2" [2] with plasma volume
Vp = 0.5 m3 and expected parameters ne = 3×1013 cm-3,
Te= 2 keV, Ti = 1 keV, τE = 0.1 s; "Jupiter Т" - Vp = 4 m3,
ne=1014cm-3, Te = Ti = 10 keV, τE = 1 s. As a first step of
these projects realization in KIPT was constructed
experimental installation "Jupiter 2М", representing
model "Jupiter 2" in 1/3 of natural size [3].
The experiments on "Jupiter 2М" confirmed high
efficiency of plasma confinement in multislit
electromagnetic traps, absence of high-frequency activity
and close to classical factors of particles and energy
transfer. Plasma parameters experimentally measured on
installation and the ones received by numerical modeling
of the material and power balance equations are in the
satisfactory consent. All these factors increase a measure
of trust to plasma parameters which incorporated in the
projects of large experimental electromagnetic traps of the
following step, including the thermonuclear reactor
project. Constructive simplicity, the stationary mode of
operations, opportunity of high-temperature plasma
reception without additional sources of heating put these
projects in a number of the most perspective systems for
solving of a controlled thermonuclear synthesis problem.
The most dangerous plasma instabilities are suppressed
in electromagnetic traps, factors of particles and energy
transfer are received to be close to classical ones [4]. The
decrease of real losses from plasma on two - three orders
considerably facilitates the achievement of thermonuclear
plasma parameters.
Overall reactor dimensions: diameter of the vacuum
chamber D = 10 m, length L = 70 m. Magnetic field in
ring slits ВA=70 kGs, in axial holes ВA0=100 kGs, on a
boundary magnetic surface, separating plasma from a
vacuum magnetic field, В0=15 kGs (β = 1). Electrostatic
potential locking magnetic slits ФA=700 kV.
Plasma parameters: density ne,i = 8×1019 m-3, electrons
temperature Тe = 34 keV, ions temperature Ti = 38 keV,
plasma volume VP = 1140 m3.
Total thermonuclear capacity of the reactor Wf = 4 GW,
neutron loading on the first wall Pn=2,3 MW/m2 (≈
1014n/cm2·s). Total neutrons flow Nn = 1,42×1021, charge
of thermonuclear fuel (equal-component of deuterium and
tritium gas mixture) mDT=1,21×10-2 g/s.
The complex researches including theoretical accounts,
numerical modeling and experiments on a multislit
electromagnetic trap “Jupiter 2М” are executed in a
substantiation of the project. Basic result of these
researches is confirmation of classical character of plasma
confinement in an electromagnetic trap. Computer
experiment confirms an exit of thermonuclear reactor
“Elemag” on a stationary mode and achievement of
settlement plasma parameters. After switching-off
electron injectors the stationary condition in reactor is
supported by α-particles energy recuperation in an
electrical field of a volumetric electrons charge with
subsequent recuperation of electrons energy in an external
electrical field. 126 MW will be allocated directly as
electrical energy - electrical current of a high voltage.
MAGNETIC SYSTEM
The thermonuclear reactor “Elemag” magnetic system
consists of coaxial coils with alternating polarity of
current inclusion (fig. 1). Parameters of magnetic system:
internal radius of coils a – 2.99 m, external radius b –
4.2m, width h – 0.45 m, total current (ampere conductors)
I – 70 kA.
Fig. 1. The magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor
“Elemag”
The magnetic configuration “Elemag” is characterized
by a deep magnetic well. The dependences of a magnetic
field on radius in a plane of a magnetic slit Br (r, 0), under
the coil Bz (r, 0.84), and from z on an axis of system Bz
(0, z) are given in a fig. 2 a, b, c. The plasma supersedes a
weak magnetic field from the central area of reactor up to
a boundary magnetic surface B0 = [8πnek(Te + Ti)]1/2 ≈
15kGs, taking place on distance 0,9 m from a surface of
coils. Radius of plasma under the coil: аp=2,1 m (in the
project ITER a=2 m). Volume of nonmagnetized plasma
with the account of a magnetic field goffer Vp=1140 m3.
Ponderomotive forces in working “Elemag” are
mutually counterbalanced, except for extreme coils: last
section of the central part of magnetic system, coils of
interface and cork coils. The balance of forces is broken
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Plasma Physics (11). 2005. № 2. P. 43-45 43
at emergency switching-off one or several coils. The
analysis of various emergencies allows to make a
conclusion, that the maximal force of repulsion between
coils does not exceed 1,49×105 T. Specific loading on the
coil from this force (548,9 kg/cm2 ) is in borders of elastic
deformations of materials, of which the coils and power
skeleton will be made. Application of the unified blocks
is the successful decision of a ponderomotive forces
problem.
1.
a
2.
b
3.
c
4. Fig. 2. The spatial distribution of a magnetic
field:
5. а) on radius in a plane of a magnetic slit Br (r,
0);
6. b) on radius under the coil Bz (r, 0.84);
7. c) from z on an axis of system Bz (0, z)
Two one-section coils of magnetic system are
incorporated in the unified block, fig. 3. A ring from
corrosion-proof steel by an external diameter 10 m, width
1,66 m and thickness 0,3 m serves as power skeleton and,
simultaneously, vacuum chamber. Steel bands of the coil
are closely connected to a ring. The electrostatic system
of magnetic slit lock-out is placed between coils.
Uniform block also consists of: blanket, coil protection
against radiation, pipelines of the heat-carrier, branch
pipes of system external spilling, inputs of the power
supplies and cooling of magnetic field coils, high-voltage
inputs.
8.
The feeding of coils will be carried out with use of
cryoresistive windings from superpure aluminium cooled
by liquid hydrogen. The absence of restrictions on
magnetic field value and current density, small sensitivity
to radiating damages, opportunity of damage “annealing”
at normal temperature are their advantages in comparison
with superconducting winding. The technology of trunk
manufacturing from industrial material is mastered. Cost
of the trunk from superpure aluminium approximately in
120 times is cheaper than a superconductor.
The data from [5] are taken for account. Resistance of
aluminium with cleanliness 99,999 % at temperature of
liquid hydrogen 20 0К is accepted ρ = 2.7*10-11 Ω/m,
charge of energy refrigerator 30 W/W. Section of the
aluminium trunk 5x6 сm2 (in view of channels for
pumping of liquid hydrogen S = 27 сm2). Number of coils
in two section n= 288, total length of the trunk L=6508 m,
resistance R = 6,51*10-5 Ωm. The magnetic field in a ring
44
Fig. 3. The Unified block:
1- blanket, 2- protection of coils, 3- power band,
4- gas collectors, 5- ring of the vacuum chamber,
6- gas pipelines of the first wall and blanket, 7- coil of a
magnetic field, 8- electrodes of electrostatic system of
magnetic slits lock-out, 9- heat insulation, 10- the first wall,
11- the fuel injectors
slit achieves 70 kGs at a current I=105 A. The energy
charges on Joulean losses in windings and work of
refrigerators are Р= 19,5 MW, the thermonuclear capacity
recalculation on the unified block is equal 100 MW.
It is supposed to use ceramic oxide materials cooled by
the gaseous heat carrier as a blanket in thermonuclear
reactor “Elemag”. Factor of tritium reproduction КT in
such blanket has saturation at blanket thickness D=50 cm.
For lithium oxide Li2O КT=1,2. The increase КT up to
meaning 1,5 in the circuit with neutrons multiplication in
reaction (n, 2n) is possible on lead or beryllium[6].
Accommodation blancet in the unified reactor “Elemag”
block is shown on a fig. 3 and 4. Structurally blanket
consists from beryllium elements with tubes from oxide
ceramics and channels of gas cooling built in them, fig. 4.
9.
Fig. 4. Thermonuclear reactor “Elemag” blanket:
1- a beryllium element, 2- channel of cooling,
3- ceramic element, 4- channel of the gas - carrier
external, 5-channel of the gas - carrier axial,
6- distributing collector of the gas – carrier, 7- channel
of the first wall cooling, 8- first wall
Focusing of the charged particles flows gives
additional opportunities for improvement characteristics
of thermonuclear installations, which work on the basis of
a multislit electromagnetic trap. Cylindrical focusing of
ions flows, accelerated to the center by an electrical field
of electrons volumetric charge is possible in
thermonuclear reactor «Elemag» with axisymmetric
magnetic field geometry. It gives logarithmic dependence
of thermonuclear reactor capacity from accuracy of
focusing R/r0. In accounts is chosen R/r0 = 10, which is
proved by experiments on an one-slit electromagnetic trap
“Jupiter 1А”. In this case thermonuclear reactor capacity
is increased in 5.6 times. It allows to reduce plasma
density near with a boundary magnetic surface up to 3.38
×1013 cm-3 and to reduce a magnetic field up to 45kGs for
thermonuclear reactor “Elemag”, working on equal
component of a mix deuterium and tritium. It allows to
reduce ponderomotive forces on magnetic system coils up
to 226.8 kg/сm2 and capacity spent for their feeding up to
8 MW on uniform block.
REFERENCES
1. T.J. Dolan. Magnetic electrostatic plasma
confinement // Plasma Physics and Controlled
Fusion (36). 1994, p.1539-1593.
2. O.A. Lavrent’ev // UFJ (24). 1973, p. 1466 – 1472.
3. S.A. Vdovin, O.A. Lavrent’ev , V.A. Maslov,
M.G.Nozdrachov, V.P. Oboznyj, N.N. Sappa. Plasma
storage in the multislit electromagnetic trap “Jupiter
2M” // Voprosy Atomnoj Nauki i tekhniki, Seriya
“Termoyadernyj Sintez” (3). Moscow, 1988, pp 40-
45.
4. O.A. Lavrent'ev, V.A. Maslov, S.V. Germanova,
B.A.Schevchuk // 23rd European Physical Society
Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma
Physics. Kiev, 24-26 June 1996, part II, p. 680-683.
5. V.V. Linkin, E.V. Murav’ev, V.I. Pistunovich,
A.A.Rakitin. About an opportunity of use of
cryoresistive windings in thermonuclear reactor –
tokamak magnetic systems // Voprosy Atomnoj Nauki
i tekhniki. Ser.“Termoyadernyj Sintez 2(10).
Mosсow, 1982, pp 36-44.
6. V.V. Kovrolev Thermonuclear reactor blanket on a
basis of lithium oxide //Voprosy Atomnoj Nauki i
tekhniki. Ser.: Termoyadernyj Sintez (1), Mosсow,
1986, pp 47-41.
МАГНИТНАЯ СИСТЕМА ТЕРМОЯДЕРНОГО РЕАКТОРА "ЭЛЕМАГ"
О. А. Лаврентьев, В. А. Маслов, С. В. Германова,
М. Г. Ноздрачёв, В. П. Обозный, Б. А. Шевчук
Разработан концептуальный проект термоядерного реактора "Элемаг" на основе многощелевой
электромагнитной ловушки с осесимметричной геометрией магнитного поля. Это - наиболее простая и
наиболее исследованная среди электромагнитных ловушек термоядерная система. В работе приведены
описание магнитной системы реактора, расчеты магнитных полей, пондеромоторных сил, электротехнические
расчеты катушек магнитного поля.
МАГНІТНА СИСТЕМА ТЕРМОЯДЕРНОГО РЕАКТОРА "ЕЛЕМАГ"
О.О. Лаврентьєв, В.О. Маслов, С.В. Германова,
М.Г. Ноздрачов, В.П. Обозний, Б.О. Шевчук
Розроблено концептуальний проект термоядерного реактора "Елемаг" на основі багатощілинної
електромагнітної пастки з осесиметричною геометрією магнітного поля. Це - найбільш проста і найбільш
45
досліджена серед електромагнітних пасток термоядерна система. У роботі приведений опис магнітної системи
реактора, розрахунки магнітних полів, пондеромоторних сил, електротехнічні розрахунки котушок магнітного
поля.
46
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79341 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:31:15Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Lavrent'ev, O.A. Maslov, V.A. Germanova, S.V. Nozdrachov, M.G. Oboznyj, V.P. Shevchuk, B.A. 2015-03-31T13:39:50Z 2015-03-31T13:39:50Z 2005 Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" / O.A. Lavrent'ev, V.A. Maslov, S.V. Germanova, M.G. Nozdrachov, V.P. Oboznyj, B.A. Shevchuk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 2. — С. 43-45. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.55.-s https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79341 The conceptual project of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" is developed. The multislit electromagnetic trap with axisymmetric magnetic field geometry is assumed as a basis of the project. It is most simple and most investigated thermonuclear system. The description of reactor magnetic system, accounts of magnetic fields, ponderomotive forces, electrotechnical accounts of magnetic field coils are given in this paper. Розроблено концептуальний проект термоядерного реактора "Елемаг" на основі багатощілинної електромагнітної пастки з осесиметричною геометрією магнітного поля. Це - найбільш проста і найбільш досліджена серед електромагнітних пасток термоядерна система. У роботі приведений опис магнітної системи реактора, розрахунки магнітних полів, пондеромоторних сил, електротехнічні розрахунки котушок магнітного поля. Разработан концептуальный проект термоядерного реактора "Элемаг" на основе многощелевой электромагнитной ловушки с осесимметричной геометрией магнитного поля. Это - наиболее простая и наиболее исследованная среди электромагнитных ловушек термоядерная система. В работе приведены описание магнитной системы реактора, расчеты магнитных полей, пондеромоторных сил, электротехнические расчеты катушек магнитного поля. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники ITER and fusion reactor aspects Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" Магнітна система термоядерного реактора "Елемаг" Магнитная система термоядерного реактора "Элемаг" Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" Lavrent'ev, O.A. Maslov, V.A. Germanova, S.V. Nozdrachov, M.G. Oboznyj, V.P. Shevchuk, B.A. ITER and fusion reactor aspects |
| title | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" |
| title_alt | Магнітна система термоядерного реактора "Елемаг" Магнитная система термоядерного реактора "Элемаг" |
| title_full | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" |
| title_short | Magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "Elemag" |
| title_sort | magnetic system of thermonuclear reactor "elemag" |
| topic | ITER and fusion reactor aspects |
| topic_facet | ITER and fusion reactor aspects |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79341 |
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