Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes
The investigation into the generation of tubular electron beams and their parameters in a system of secondaryemission cathodes was carried out. The parameters of electron beams with the use of a multichannel measuring system were measured. In the 8-cathode system at a cathode voltage of ~34 kV and a...
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| Zitieren: | Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes / Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 90-92. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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Dovbnya, A.N. Ayzatsky, N.I. Boriskin, V.N. Zakutin, V.V. Kushnir, V.A. Mitrochenko, V.A. Reshetnyak, N.G. 2015-03-31T14:19:09Z 2015-03-31T14:19:09Z 2004 Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes / Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 90-92. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.25.Bx, 41.75.Fr https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79354 The investigation into the generation of tubular electron beams and their parameters in a system of secondaryemission cathodes was carried out. The parameters of electron beams with the use of a multichannel measuring system were measured. In the 8-cathode system at a cathode voltage of ~34 kV and a magnetic field strength of ~3500 Oe the total current of all beams was ~35 A and its stability was 4...5%. In the single magnetron gun at a cathode voltage of ~30 kV and a magnetic field strength of ~2500 Oe the beam current was ~60 A. And its stability was 2...4%. Проведено дослідження генерації та параметрів трубчатих електронних пучків в системі вторинноемісійних катодів. Проведено вимірювання параметрів електронних пучків з допомогою багатоканальної вимірюваної системи. В 8-мі катодній системі при напрузі на катодах ∼34 кВ і напруженості магнітного поля ∼3500 Ое загальний струм пучків був ∼35 А, а стабільність ∼4…5%. В одиночній магнетронній гарматі при напрузі на катоді ∼30 кВ і напруженості магнітного поля ∼2500 Ое струм був ∼60 А, а стабільність ∼2…4%. Проведено исследование генерации и параметров трубчатых электронных пучков в системе вторичноэмиссионных катодов. Измерены параметры электронных пучков с помощью многоканальной измерительной системы. В 8-ми катодной системе при напряжении на катодах ∼34 кВ и напряженности магнитного поля ∼3500 Ое суммарный ток всех пучков составлял ∼35 А., а его стабильность составляет ∼4…5%. В одиночной магнетронной пушке при напряжении на катодах ∼30 кВ и напряженности магнитного поля ∼ 2500 Ое ток пучка составлял ∼60 А., а его стабильность составляет ∼2…4%. The work is fulfilled with the support of the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Элементы ускорителей Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes Дослідження стабільності електронних пучків в багатокатодному вторинноемісійному джерелі Исследование стабильности электронных пучков в многокатодном вторичноэмиссионном источнике Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes |
| spellingShingle |
Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes Dovbnya, A.N. Ayzatsky, N.I. Boriskin, V.N. Zakutin, V.V. Kushnir, V.A. Mitrochenko, V.A. Reshetnyak, N.G. Элементы ускорителей |
| title_short |
Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes |
| title_full |
Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes |
| title_fullStr |
Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes |
| title_sort |
investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes |
| author |
Dovbnya, A.N. Ayzatsky, N.I. Boriskin, V.N. Zakutin, V.V. Kushnir, V.A. Mitrochenko, V.A. Reshetnyak, N.G. |
| author_facet |
Dovbnya, A.N. Ayzatsky, N.I. Boriskin, V.N. Zakutin, V.V. Kushnir, V.A. Mitrochenko, V.A. Reshetnyak, N.G. |
| topic |
Элементы ускорителей |
| topic_facet |
Элементы ускорителей |
| publishDate |
2004 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Дослідження стабільності електронних пучків в багатокатодному вторинноемісійному джерелі Исследование стабильности электронных пучков в многокатодном вторичноэмиссионном источнике |
| description |
The investigation into the generation of tubular electron beams and their parameters in a system of secondaryemission cathodes was carried out. The parameters of electron beams with the use of a multichannel measuring system were measured. In the 8-cathode system at a cathode voltage of ~34 kV and a magnetic field strength of
~3500 Oe the total current of all beams was ~35 A and its stability was 4...5%. In the single magnetron gun at a cathode voltage of ~30 kV and a magnetic field strength of ~2500 Oe the beam current was ~60 A. And its stability was
2...4%.
Проведено дослідження генерації та параметрів трубчатих електронних пучків в системі
вторинноемісійних катодів. Проведено вимірювання параметрів електронних пучків з допомогою
багатоканальної вимірюваної системи. В 8-мі катодній системі при напрузі на катодах ∼34 кВ і
напруженості магнітного поля ∼3500 Ое загальний струм пучків був ∼35 А, а стабільність ∼4…5%. В
одиночній магнетронній гарматі при напрузі на катоді ∼30 кВ і напруженості магнітного поля ∼2500 Ое
струм був ∼60 А, а стабільність ∼2…4%.
Проведено исследование генерации и параметров трубчатых электронных пучков в системе вторичноэмиссионных катодов. Измерены параметры электронных пучков с помощью многоканальной измерительной системы. В 8-ми катодной системе при напряжении на катодах ∼34 кВ и напряженности магнитного
поля ∼3500 Ое суммарный ток всех пучков составлял ∼35 А., а его стабильность составляет ∼4…5%. В одиночной магнетронной пушке при напряжении на катодах ∼30 кВ и напряженности магнитного поля ∼ 2500 Ое ток пучка составлял ∼60 А., а его стабильность составляет ∼2…4%.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79354 |
| citation_txt |
Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes / Investigation of stability electron beam parameters in sources with cold secondary-emission cathodes // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 90-92. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-24T11:37:29Z |
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2025-11-24T11:37:29Z |
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| fulltext |
INVESTIGATION OF STABILITY ELECTRON BEAM PARAMETERS
IN SOURCES WITH COLD SECONDARY-EMISSION CATHODES
A.N.Dovbnya, N.I.Ayzatsky, V.N.Boriskin, V.V.Zakutin, V.A.Kushnir, V.A.Mitrochenko,
N.G.Reshetnyak
R&D “Accelerator”, NSC KIPT, 1, Akademicheskaya St., 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: zakutin@kipt.kharkov.ua
The investigation into the generation of tubular electron beams and their parameters in a system of secondary-
emission cathodes was carried out. The parameters of electron beams with the use of a multichannel measuring sys-
tem were measured. In the 8-cathode system at a cathode voltage of ~34 kV and a magnetic field strength of
~3500 Oe the total current of all beams was ~35 A and its stability was 4...5%. In the single magnetron gun at a cath-
ode voltage of ~30 kV and a magnetic field strength of ~2500 Oe the beam current was ~60 A. And its stability was
2...4%.
PACS: 29.25.Bx, 41.75.Fr
1. INTRODUCTION
The electron sources with cold metallic secondary-
emission cathodes in crossed fields are of interest as
sources of tubular multibeam electron beams for the mi-
crowave high-voltage pulse electronics. Arrangement of
cathodes and anodes in the system determines the elec-
tric field uniformity and, respectively, the beam genera-
tion conditions in it [1]. Till recently, the investigations
were carried out with the secondary-emission mag-
netron sources having a nonuniform electric field distri-
bution on the azimuth [1-3]. In paper [4] studied are the
processes of the spatial-periodic beam generation in a
multicellular system with a nonuniform electric field
distribution. Another configuration of a nonuniform sys-
tem is a multicathode system in which the cathodes
made in the form of metallic rods are arranged inside
the common cylindrical anode. In the present work we
have investigated the electron beam generation and
measured the beam parameters in the system with a very
nonuniform electric field and in a single magnetron gun.
The parameters such as a stability of the electron beam
current amplitude and a shape of the electron beam
cross-section were studied.
2. EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION AND
PROCEDURE
The system with a common coaxial anode (1,2) in-
side which he secondary emission cathodes are arranged
is shown in Fig.1. The system comprises 8 copper cath-
odes (3) of 5mm diameter. The cathodes are arranged
uniformly inside the common coaxial anode on the cir-
cle of 44 mm diameter. The diameter of the external
cylinder of the anode (1) is 68 mm, the diameter of the
internal cylinder (2) is 20 mm. The anode cylinders are
made from stainless steel and are connected between
them with a metallic flange with holes through which
the cathodes are put in. The experiments were carried
out at the installation [1] the layout of which is present-
ed in Fig.2.
A voltage pulse necessary for the beam generation
was shaped in pulse modulator 1 by adding the pulses
from two pulse generators in thyratrons T1 and T2 [5].
To cathodes 6 of the system through isolator 2 the volt-
age pulses were applied with an amplitude overshoot up
to 100 kV and a pulse flattop duration of ~ 5 µs (of a
controllable amplitude) with a repetition rate of 15 Hz.
Fig. 1. Multicathode system. 1, 2 – anode cylinders;
3 – secondary emission cathodes
Fig. 2. Experimental installation arrangement
Anode 7 of the system is grounded. The onset of the
secondary-emission process was taking place at the
peak decay (duration of ~0.3 µs, slope of ~150 kV/µs).
The multicathode electron source was placed in vac-
uum chamber 3 where a discharging of ~10-6 Torr was
maintained. The magnetic field for beam generation and
beam transport was created by solenoid 4 supplied from
source 5.
To study the parameter of each of beams we used
sectionalized cooled Faraday cap 8 (each section of
which, of 10mm diameter, recorded the beam from one
cathode) disposed at a distance 40 mm from the anode
cut. The scattered electrons come onto the block of
Faraday cups enveloped by the mask. To investigate the
spatial and time uniformity of a beam one of the Fara-
day cups was covered by the silver shield with a thin ra-
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.90-92. 90
mailto:zakutin@kipt.kharkov.ua
dial slit. (∆~0.5 mm) that allowed observing the beam
glow and evaluating visually its transversal dimensions.
The pulses from the Faraday cups, masks, cathode
voltages (from the high-voltage divider) arrive into the
computer. The measuring system allows one to process
(with a discreteness of 100 ns) 32 pulses following one
after another by 12 channels: 10 beam channels, the
voltage pulse channel and the microwave signal chan-
nel. We have measured the current amplitude for each
of beams, the mean cathode voltage amplitude, the total
beam current and the coefficients of maximum pulse
amplitude deviation from the mean value (that is equiv-
alent to the stability of beam currents and cathode volt-
ages). These parameters were measured in the given
time point – at the beam current pulse flattop and were
averaged for 32 pulses. The measurement error is 1…
2%. Besides, the mathematical processing of a pulse se-
quence (determining their area) was performed to deter-
mine the voltage stability and the net charge of beams.
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
In the system under consideration the generation of
8 electron beams was obtained. At a cathode voltage of
34 kV and a magnetic field strength of ~3500 Oe the av-
erage value of the current from each of 8 beams posi-
tioned on the azimuth changed from 3.15 A to 3.48 A (±
5%), and at a voltage of 28 kV it was from 2.5A to 2.8
A (±6%). This difference is caused by the unequal con-
ditions of beam generation by each cathode that can
take place because of the inaccuracy of assembling the
system and upsetting the centering of each of cathodes
relatively to its Faraday cap.
Fig.3 shows the beam currents (averaged for 32
pulses), recorded by the measuring systems, from 7
cathodes (I1…I7) in one voltage pulse U (beam current
pulses from the 8th Faraday cup and from the mask are
not shown). From the figure one can see that the beam
currents from each cathode are insignificantly different
by the amplitude, and the pulse shapes are almost coin-
ciding with each other. The electron beam current
reaching the mask in this case is ~10 A, and the total
beam current is ~ 36 A.
The processing of the results obtained in several se-
ries of measurements showed that at a cathode voltage
of 34 kV the current stability was from 1 to 4% for cur-
rent I1, from 1 to 5% for current I2, and the stability of
the total current of all beams was from 2 to 5%. The sta-
bility of the voltage amplitude in this case was from 1 to
2%. When processing the results of beam current mea-
surements using another method, i.e. by the total beam
current, we have obtained the similar results.
The beam current stability of a short duration, with
taking into account three pulses following one after oth-
er for current I1, was 1…3% at the voltage amplitude
instability of ~1%. This value characterizes the limited
possibilities of the multicathode secondary-emission
system in the given concrete experimental conditions.
The experiments have been performed under condi-
tions of the magnetic field instability (pulse-to-pulse) of
~2%. The axis of the system was displaced approxi-
mately by 4 mm relatively to the axis of the magnetic
field and had the tilt angle ~1°, the misalignment of the
cathode and the anode was ~0.1…0.2°.
Fig.3. Beam current pulses (I1…I7) and cathode volt-
age pulse (U)
The electron beam generation with the use of sec-
ondary-emission cathodes in nonuniform electric fields
has some features. This is concerned, in particular, with
a transverse beam current distribution. In paper [4] one
considers the shaping of four electron beams in the sys-
tem of rod cathodes and anodes. Calculations of the
electric field nonuniformity on the azimuth showed that
near the cathode surface it was ~5%. The imprint of
each beam on the Faraday cap was in the form of a ring
close to a circle. In our case, because of the cylindrical
geometry of the anode, the calculated electric field
nonuniformity on the azimuth near each cathode is
~40%. Here, the electron drift on the radius, determined
by the electric field value, leads to shaping the beam of
an elliptic cross-section and to turning the ellipse axis.
Then a considerable beam corona is formed that creates
conditions for a large current of the mask (~10).
Fig.4 presents the photo of electron beam glow at
the Faraday cup covered with the silver shield. In the
photo there is shown the line of a section of 0.5 mm
width. The glow was in the form of an ellipse turned at
an angle ~45° with a wall thickness from 0.5 to 1 mm.
When the magnetic field is changing the ellipse axis
turns at an angle 90°. The major half-axis of the ellipse
was 6.5…7 mm, the minor half-axis was ~5.5…6 mm.
This result, practically, coincidences with the results ob-
tained in [6]. It should be noted that at such a significant
value of the field nonuniformity the beam ellipticity is
not great and equals to 1.2…1.3. The processing of
measurement results from the Faraday cup sectioned
into two isolated parts has shown that the ratio of cur-
rents taken from these isolated parts remains constant
and has a stability of 5…15%. This indicates on the
rather high stability of a beam position at the target.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.90-92.91
Fig. 4. Photography of the beam glow
In the system we observed also the generation of mi-
crowave oscillations developed in the course of electron
beam shaping. Probably, the microwave oscillations are
related with oscillations of the spatial discharge of the
electron cloud.
Also, the investigations of the beam current stability
in the single magnetron gun with a copper cathode of
40 mm diameter and a cylindrical cathode of 50 mm di-
ameter were carried out. At a cathode voltage amplitude
of ~30 kV and a magnetic field strength of 2500 Oe the
beam current was ~60 A. The investigation undertaken
showed that the current stability of each section in the
Faraday cylinder is 2…4% at a cathode voltage ampli-
tude stability of 1…2%.
4. CONCLUSIONS
The investigation performed showed, for the first
time, a possibility of electron beam generation stabiliza-
tion in secondary-emission systems. In the multicathode
electron source the stability of the anode current of each
of 8 beams on the azimuth was changing within ±5%. It
is shown that the beam current stability is ~1…3% and
can reach ~1% under optimum conditions. In the single
magnetron gun the beam current stability is 2…4%.
Such sources of tubular electron beams can be used in
the accelerator technology and in powerful microwave
devices.
The work is fulfilled with the support of the Univer-
sity of St. Andrews, Scotland.
REFERENCES
1. Yu.Ya.Volkolupov, A.N.Dovbnya, V.V.Zakutin et
al. // Zhourn.Tekhn.Fiz. 2001, v.71, N.2, p.98-104
(in Russian).
2. Y.M.Saveliev, W.Zibbert, D.M.Parkers // Physics
of Plasmas. 1997, v.4, N.7, p.2319-2321.
3. Yu.Ya.Volkolupov, A.N.Dovbnya, V.V.Zakutin et
al.// Zhourn.Tekhn.Fiz. 2001, v.71, N.7, p.88-91 (in
Russian).
4. N.I.Aizatsky, Yu.Ya.Volkolupov, A.N.Dovbnya, et
al. // Pis’ma v Zhourn. Tekhn. Fiz. 2001, v.27,
N.23, p.25-30 (in Russian).
5. A.N.Dovbnya N.G.Reshetnyak, V.P.Romas’ko et
al. // Proc. of the Part.Accel.Conf., Chicago, USA,
18-22 June. 2001, v.5, p.3759-3761.
6. N.I.Aizatsky, V.N.Boriskin, A.N.Dovbnya et al. //
Zhourn. Tekhn. Fiz. 2003, v.73, N.2, p.113-117 (in
Russian).
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ПУЧКОВ В МНОГОКАТОДНОМ
ВТОРИЧНОЭМИССИОННОМ ИСТОЧНИКЕ
А.Н.Довбня, Н.И.Айзацкий, В.Н. Борискин, В.В.Закутин, В.А.Кушнир, В.А. Митроченко, Н.Г.Решетняк
Проведено исследование генерации и параметров трубчатых электронных пучков в системе вторично-
эмиссионных катодов. Измерены параметры электронных пучков с помощью многоканальной измеритель-
ной системы. В 8-ми катодной системе при напряжении на катодах ∼34 кВ и напряженности магнитного
поля ∼3500 Ое суммарный ток всех пучков составлял ∼35 А., а его стабильность составляет ∼4…5%. В оди-
ночной магнетронной пушке при напряжении на катодах ∼30 кВ и напряженности магнитного поля ∼
2500 Ое ток пучка составлял ∼60 А., а его стабильность составляет ∼2…4%.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ПУЧКІВ В БАГАТОКАТОДНОМУ
ВТОРИННОЕМІСІЙНОМУ ДЖЕРЕЛІ
А.М.Довбня, М.І.Айзацкий, В.М. Боріскін, В.В.Закутін, В.А.Кушнір, В.А. Мітроченко, М.Г.Решетняк
Проведено дослідження генерації та параметрів трубчатих електронних пучків в системі
вторинноемісійних катодів. Проведено вимірювання параметрів електронних пучків з допомогою
багатоканальної вимірюваної системи. В 8-мі катодній системі при напрузі на катодах ∼34 кВ і
напруженості магнітного поля ∼3500 Ое загальний струм пучків був ∼35 А, а стабільність ∼4…5%. В
одиночній магнетронній гарматі при напрузі на катоді ∼30 кВ і напруженості магнітного поля ∼2500 Ое
струм був ∼60 А, а стабільність ∼2…4%.
92
4. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
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