Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA
NPK LUTS NIIEFA has been developing linear accelerators for industrial applications during about 30 years. More than 150 linear accelerators for different applications have been manufactured by this company and installed in different regions of Russia and abroad: in Poland, Hungary, Germany, Franc...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
|---|---|
| Дата: | 2004 |
| Автори: | , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2004
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA / M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, M.I. Demsky, V.M. Maksimov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 208-211. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859623766911352832 |
|---|---|
| author | Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Demsky, M.I. Maksimov, V.M. |
| author_facet | Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Demsky, M.I. Maksimov, V.M. |
| citation_txt | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA / M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, M.I. Demsky, V.M. Maksimov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 208-211. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | NPK LUTS NIIEFA has been developing linear accelerators for industrial applications during about 30 years.
More than 150 linear accelerators for different applications have been manufactured by this company and installed
in different regions of Russia and abroad: in Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, China and India. The linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA are reviewed.
На протязі 30 років у НПК ЛПЦ НДІЕФА розробляються лінійні прискорювачі промислового
призначення. За цей час були виготовлені і встановлені в різних областях Росії і за кордоном: у Польщі,
Угорщині, Німеччині, Франції, Китаї й Індії більш 150 лінійних прискорювачів. У роботі приведений огляд
основних характеристик цих прискорювачів.
В течение 30 лет в НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА разрабатываются линейные ускорители промышленного назначения. За это время были изготовлены и установлены в различных областях России и за границей: в Польше,
Венгрии, Германии, Франции, Китае и Индии более 150 линейных ускорителей. В работе приведен обзор
основных характеристик этих ускорителей.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-11-29T08:39:30Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
LINEAR ACCELERATORS FOR RADIATION STERILIZATION DEVEL-
OPED IN NPK LUTS NIIEFA
M.F.Vorogushin, Yu.N.Gavrish, M.I.Demsky, V.M.Maksimov*
The Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, Scientific Production Complex
of Linear Accelerators and Cyclotrons, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,
Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: npkluts@niiefa.spb.su
NPK LUTS NIIEFA has been developing linear accelerators for industrial applications during about 30 years.
More than 150 linear accelerators for different applications have been manufactured by this company and installed
in different regions of Russia and abroad: in Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, China and India. The linear accel-
erators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA are reviewed.
PACS: 29.17.+w
The first industrial linear accelerator LUE-13/9 was
put into operation in Warsaw in the Institute of Nuclear
Chemistry and Technology in 1972. This accelerator has
been designed on the basis of Russian klystrons KIU-15
and KIU-17. The high-voltage klystron KIU-15 with a
working frequency of 1818 MHz has pulse power of
20 MW and average power of 20 kW. The modulators
of these klystrons were made on the basis of high-power
vacuum lamps GMI-37A and GMI-14B. At the output
of the accelerator were installed a 270o bending magnet
and a scanning system. This accelerator has energy range
from 4 to 13 MeV and small energy spread less than 9%
of the half of energy distribution curve. The accelerator
can operate in 3 regimes with different pulse duration
(1.2, 3.2 and 6.5 μs) and different pulse repetition rate
(900, 300 and 150 Hz). The maximum beam power in
one of these regimes with 13 MeV of energy was 9 kW.
Since 1970 during about 15 years NIIEFA has been
manufacturing industrial linear accelerators on the basis
of Russian magnetron MI-262 specially developed for
this purpose. This magnetron with a generating frequen-
cy of 3200 MHz has pulse power of 9 MW and average
power of 13 kW. The efficiency of this magnetron is
50%. The modulator of 35 kW average power is made
on the basis of ceramic pulse thyratron TGI1-2500/50
made in Russia too. The electron gun of this accelerator
has its own modulator with a pulse voltage up to 50 kV.
The accelerator produces beam pulses with duration of
3 μs and pulse repetition rate up to 500 Hz. The maxi-
mum power of about 6.5 kW is attained in the regime
with electron energy about 6.5 MeV. For the effective
energy of 8 MeV the maximum average power is about
5.5 kW. In the regime with maximum energy of 10
MeV the average power is about 4 kW. The energy
spread of electrons depends on the level of energy. For
10 Mev, FWHM energy spread is about ±3.5%, and for
6 MeV it increases up to about ±10%.
NIIEFA has manufactured and installed 15 similar
accelerators. These accelerators where used for treat-
ment of different products with electron beam and for
activation analysis by photonuclear reactions. The first
such accelerator was installed in 1970 in the Research
Institute of Tyre’s Production in Moscow.
In 1972-76 two accelerators were installed in Kur-
gan at the plant of medicine products for the steriliza-
tion with electron beam. One of these two accelerators
has been working up to now in three shifts per day.
Since 1978 up to now our accelerator has been operat-
ing on the plant of plastic goods in Budapest; the main
product of which is shrinkable pipes.
Since 1979 two such accelerators have been working
in Muruntau (Uzbekistan) in the laboratory of activation
analysis to detect gold and accompanying elements.
Through interaction of X-ray photons produced by this
accelerator and gold nucleus, gold isomer 197mAu with a
half-life of 7.2 s is generated. The isomer emits photons
of 279 keV which can be detected. The sensitivity of
this method is about 0.4 gram/ton with 10% accuracy.
Two more accelerators for the same purpose were in-
stalled in Yakutia and Magadan.
Such accelerators have been operating more than 10
years in radiation centers of the Bio-Physical Institute
(Moscow) and the CoRAD company (St.Petersburg).
Figs.1 and 2 show the accelerator LUE-8-5 which was
installed in Sichuan province of China in 1996. This ac-
celerator was combined with a drum-type conveyer sys-
tem. This drum 3 m in diameter has three shelves. Dur-
ing irradiation the goods placed on these three shelves
automatically go through electron beam with fixed
speed and fixed number of cycles. This system is very
well suited for the irradiation with high doses. For ex-
ample, at irradiation of shrinkable pipes with doses
about 120 kGy, the full time necessary to irradiate the
products on these three shelves is about 5 hours.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.208-211. 208
Fig.1. LUE-8-5 accelerator installed in Sichuan
mailto:npkluts@niiefa.spb.su
The last such accelerator was installed in France at
“RADIENT Nord”. The fully automated facility of
“RADIENT Nord” was put into operation in May 2000
for on-line sterilization. This facility can sterilize, under
the on-line quality control up to 25.000 m3/year of medi-
cal products with one operator and one assistant per
shift. The whole Facility (building, annexes, conveyor
and computer control systems) has been designed, creat-
ed and put into operation by COFRAR.
The facility was placed on a two- level 250 m² area.
The conveyor and control room is located on the ground
floor, the accelerator’s equipment and annexes are on
the first floor. The scheme of RADIENT Nord is given
on Fig.3.
The main control and supervision computer manages
the conveyor, accelerator, security, operation and
dosimetry. The annexed equipment such as security sys-
tem, ozone ventilation and cooling system are under the
main control of the same computer. The parameters of
each of the above-listed equipment are validated for
each product to be sterilized. Accordingly, once the op-
erator sets the treatment order barcode, the main com-
puter manages the proper regime for the facility (elec-
trons energy, beam power, scanning length and convey-
or speed) and the treatment starts; all parameters are
continuously measured and stored as the treatment runs;
each product is stamped on line just before treatment
with sensitive logo, box number, time of treatment, and
dose; on-line dosimetry results confirm the treatment
acceptance. The main parameters of the Electrical
Source Treatment: current, dose and energy of electrons
are measured each week with a plastic wedge; a
calorimeter controls the dose delivery each day. The ac-
celerator and conveyors stop when any parameter of the
irradiation goes out of boundaries.
From “each” stamp of “each” box, it can be demon-
strated that at the minute of the treatment the treatment
parameters of the facility conform to the validated pa-
rameters. This solves the treatment efficiency and
traceability.
The accelerator has a computer control system based
on an Octagon Systems 6020 microcontroller and Ad-
vantech main computer. The beam measurement system
of this accelerator contains a bending magnet, a beam
current coils monitor, an ionization chamber and a mov-
ing beam stop. All these systems allows us to measure
the beam current, the scanning length and the electron’s
energy on-line ensuring the stabilization of these param-
eters with an accuracy of ± 2.5%. The beam stop
equipped with an additional aluminum plate allows the
effective electron’s energy measurement. The bending
magnet is designed to measure the electron’s energy
spread.
The accelerator section and a high frequency genera-
tor (see Fig.4) are located in a 25 m² room with a radia-
tion protection. On Fig.5 is placed the output scanning
system of the accelerator.
Now NPK LUTS offers for customers four models
of linear electron accelerators for industrial applications:
UEL-10-10S, UEL-8-5S, UEL-3-2.5S, UEL-3-1S.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.208-211.209
Fig.2. The drum-type conveyer system
of LUE-8-5 accelerator
.Fig. 3. The accelerator installed in France at “RADIENT
Nord” – scheme of facility
Fig. 4. Accelerator section and
h igh- frequency generator
The irradiators of UEL-10-10S and UEL-8-5S accel-
erators are located in a room with radiation shielding.
Models UEL-3-2.5S and UEL-3-1S are equipped with a
local radiation shielding providing complete safety for
operating personnel.
The automated control system of the accelerator is
built on the basis of a panel-type industrial computer.
We have designed two modifications of UEL-10-
10S accelerator. UELV-10-10S accelerator with a trav-
eling wave accelerating structure 2.05 m long is able to
operate in the energy range of 5...10 MeV with an aver-
age power of 10...12 kW (Fig.6). UELV-10-10S accel-
erator with a standing wave accelerating structure only
1.1 m long has smaller energy range of 8...10 MeV
(Fig.7).
MAJOR SPECIFICATIONS OF ACCELERATORS
PARAMETERS MODEL
UEL-10-10S UEL-8-5S UEL-3-2.5S UEL-3-1S
RF energy source Klystron Magnetron Klystron Magnetron
Accelerated electron energy, MeV 10 8 3 3
Average beam power, kW 10 5 2.5 1
Average electron beam current, mA 1 0.63 0.83 0.33
Pulse repetition rate, Hz 300 500 360 300
Pulse duration, 1/µs 16 3 8.5 4.5
Scanning length, mm 600 or 800 500 350 500
A facility with local radiation shielding (Fig.8) has
been constructed on the basis of linear accelerator UEL-
3-2.5S for sterilization of foodstuffs and mail with a
beam of accelerated electrons.
Sterilization is performed in a special cassette in-
stalled by an operator into an object transportation sys-
tem located inside the irradiation chamber. The system
allows both one-sided and two-sided irradiation of ob-
jects.
The ELS-900 electron-beam sterilizer (Fig.9), con-
structed on the basis of UEL-3-1S, is intended for radia-
tion sterilization of medical utensils directly in clinics,
hospitals and other medical institutions. Syringes and
needles, surgical utensils, implanted materials and tis-
sues, dressings, surgical clothes and gloves, transfusion
systems, etc. undergo sterilization. ELS-900 allows the
treatment of 30-40 packages per hour with dose 15 kGy.
Overall dimensions of the suggested sterilizer are com-
parable with those of steam sterilizers nowadays used in
medical institutions.
210
Fig. 5. Output scanning system of “RADIENT Nord”
facility
Fig. 6. Traveling wave irradiator
Fig. 7. Standing wave irradiator
Fig.8. UELV-2.5S accelerated-based facility
ЛИНЕЙНЫЕ УСКОРИТЕЛИ ДЛЯ ЛУЧЕВОЙ СТЕРИЛИЗАЦИИ, РАЗРАБАТЫВАЕМЫЕ
В НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА
М.Ф. Ворогушин, Ю.Н. Гавриш, М.И.Демский, В.М. Максимов
В течение 30 лет в НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА разрабатываются линейные ускорители промышленного назна-
чения. За это время были изготовлены и установлены в различных областях России и за границей: в Польше,
Венгрии, Германии, Франции, Китае и Индии более 150 линейных ускорителей. В работе приведен обзор
основных характеристик этих ускорителей.
ЛІНІЙНІ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧІ ДЛЯ ПРОМЕНЕВОЇ СТЕРИЛІЗАЦІЇ, ЩО РОЗРОБЛЕНІ
В НПК ЛПЦ НДІЕФА
М.Ф. Ворогушин, Ю.Н. Гавриш, М.І. Демський, В.М. Максимов
На протязі 30 років у НПК ЛПЦ НДІЕФА розробляються лінійні прискорювачі промислового
призначення. За цей час були виготовлені і встановлені в різних областях Росії і за кордоном: у Польщі,
Угорщині, Німеччині, Франції, Китаї й Індії більш 150 лінійних прискорювачів. У роботі приведений огляд
основних характеристик цих прискорювачів.
___________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2004. № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (43), p.208-211.211
Fig.9. ELS-900 – compact electron medical sterilizer
PARAMETERS
в НПК ЛУЦ нииэфа
М.Ф. Ворогушин, Ю.Н. Гавриш, М.И.Демский, В.М. Максимов
ЛІНІЙНІ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧІ ДЛЯ ПРОМЕНЕВОЇ СТЕРИЛІЗАЦІЇ, що РОЗРОБЛеНІ
в НПК ЛПЦ ндіефа
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79400 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-29T08:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Demsky, M.I. Maksimov, V.M. 2015-03-31T19:41:24Z 2015-03-31T19:41:24Z 2004 Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA / M.F. Vorogushin, Yu.N. Gavrish, M.I. Demsky, V.M. Maksimov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2004. — № 2. — С. 208-211. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79400 NPK LUTS NIIEFA has been developing linear accelerators for industrial applications during about 30 years. More than 150 linear accelerators for different applications have been manufactured by this company and installed in different regions of Russia and abroad: in Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, China and India. The linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA are reviewed. На протязі 30 років у НПК ЛПЦ НДІЕФА розробляються лінійні прискорювачі промислового призначення. За цей час були виготовлені і встановлені в різних областях Росії і за кордоном: у Польщі, Угорщині, Німеччині, Франції, Китаї й Індії більш 150 лінійних прискорювачів. У роботі приведений огляд основних характеристик цих прискорювачів. В течение 30 лет в НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА разрабатываются линейные ускорители промышленного назначения. За это время были изготовлены и установлены в различных областях России и за границей: в Польше, Венгрии, Германии, Франции, Китае и Индии более 150 линейных ускорителей. В работе приведен обзор основных характеристик этих ускорителей. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Применение ускоренных пучков Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA Лінійні прискорювачі для променевої стерилізації, що розроблені в НПК ЛПЦ НДІЕФА Линейные ускорители для лучевой стерилизации, разрабатываемые в НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA Vorogushin, M.F. Gavrish, Yu.N. Demsky, M.I. Maksimov, V.M. Применение ускоренных пучков |
| title | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA |
| title_alt | Лінійні прискорювачі для променевої стерилізації, що розроблені в НПК ЛПЦ НДІЕФА Линейные ускорители для лучевой стерилизации, разрабатываемые в НПК ЛУЦ НИИЭФА |
| title_full | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA |
| title_fullStr | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA |
| title_short | Linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in NPK LUTS NIIEFA |
| title_sort | linear accelerators for radiation sterilization developed in npk luts niiefa |
| topic | Применение ускоренных пучков |
| topic_facet | Применение ускоренных пучков |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79400 |
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