Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact
The erosion behavior of W-Pd bimetallic system was examined for both hydrogen saturated and non-saturated states under impact of steady state nitrogen plasma of a mirror Penning discharge. Possible physical mechanism is discussed to explain the essential decrease of erosion rate and damages of such...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2005
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| Цитувати: | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact / G.P. Glazunov, A.A. Andreev, D.I. Baron, E.D. Volkov, A. Hassanein, K.M. Kitaevskiy, A.L. Konotopskiy, V.I. Lapshin, I.M. Neklyudov, A.P. Patokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 2. — С. 107-109. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860073531186872320 |
|---|---|
| author | Glazunov, G.P. Andreev, A.A. Baron, D.I. Volkov, E.D. Hassanein, A. Kitaevskiy, K.M. Konotopskiy, A.L. Lapshin, V.I. Neklyudov, I.M. Patokin, A.P. |
| author_facet | Glazunov, G.P. Andreev, A.A. Baron, D.I. Volkov, E.D. Hassanein, A. Kitaevskiy, K.M. Konotopskiy, A.L. Lapshin, V.I. Neklyudov, I.M. Patokin, A.P. |
| citation_txt | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact / G.P. Glazunov, A.A. Andreev, D.I. Baron, E.D. Volkov, A. Hassanein, K.M. Kitaevskiy, A.L. Konotopskiy, V.I. Lapshin, I.M. Neklyudov, A.P. Patokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 2. — С. 107-109. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The erosion behavior of W-Pd bimetallic system was examined for both hydrogen saturated and non-saturated states under impact of steady state nitrogen plasma of a mirror Penning discharge. Possible physical mechanism is discussed to explain the essential decrease of erosion rate and damages of such systems (form change, macro-blistering and macro-flaking) caused by hydrogen saturation to high concentration.
Досліджувалося ерозійне поводження W-Pd біметалічних систем у насиченому воднем стані і ненасиченому, при впливі стаціонарної азотної плазми відбивного розряду Пеннінга. Обговорюються можливі фізичні механізми, що пояснюють істотне зниження швидкості ерозії й ушкодження таких систем (зміна форми, макро- блістерінг і макро-флекінг), обумовлених насиченням воднем до високих концентрацій.
Исследовалось эрозионное поведение W-Pd биметаллических систем в насыщенном водородом состоянии и ненасыщенном, при воздействии стационарной азотной плазмы отражательного разряда Пеннинга. Обсуждаются возможные физические механизмы, объясняющие существенное снижение скорости эрозии и повреждения таких систем (изменение формы, макро-блистеринг и макро-флэкинг), обусловленных насыщением водородом до высоких концентраций.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:11:57Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
HYDROGEN SATURATION INFLUENCE ON EROSION BEHAVIOR OF
THIN W-FILMS UNDER STEADY STATE NITROGEN PLASMA IMPACT
G.P. Glazunov, A.A. Andreev, D.I. Baron, E.D. Volkov, A. Hassanein*,
K.M. Kitaevskiy, A.L. Konotopskiy, V.I. Lapshin, I.M. Neklyudov, A.P. Patokin
NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine;
*Argonne National Laboratory, 60439 Argonne, IL, USA
The erosion behavior of W-Pd bimetallic system was examined for both hydrogen saturated and non-saturated states
under impact of steady state nitrogen plasma of a mirror Penning discharge. Possible physical mechanism is discussed
to explain the essential decrease of erosion rate and damages of such systems (form change, macro-blistering and
macro-flaking) caused by hydrogen saturation to high concentration.
PACS: 52.40.Hf, 79.20.R
1. INTRODUCTION
The interaction of hydrogen isotopes with structural
materials in fusion devices leads to changes of material
performances such as mechanical characteristics, erosion
rate, arc ignition probability, reflection coefficient,
electron emission coefficient, etc. In turn, the different
material states (hydrogen saturated or non-saturated
states) vary plasma properties due to the change of
hydrogen recycling coefficient. The control of hydrogen
recycling coefficient during work of fusion device is very
important problem [1]. For such control it was suggested
earlier [2] to use bimetallic (two-layer) diffusion systems,
which comprise of a rather thick palladium substrate (it
could be another material with high hydrogen diffusivity)
and an erosion resistant coating on the plasma facing
surface of substrate. The material for such coating could
be, e.g., tungsten as the most erosion resistible material.
To choose the optimal performances of tungsten-
palladium bimetallic system, it is needed to carry out
thorough investigations of its properties under plasma
impact. In particular, it was of a great interest to look the
erosion behavior of W-Pd bimetallic system in hydrogen
saturated and in non-saturated states.
2. EXPERIMENTAL
The experimental setup DSM-1 (Diagnostic Stand of
Materials) used for plasma impact studies was described
in [3, 4,]. Working gas pressure (during sputtering
experiments it was nitrogen) in vacuum chamber was
0.266 Pa. A mirror Penning discharge was ignited at
magnetic field B≈0.05 T that was produced by two pairs
of coils. Cathodes potential values were in the range U =
1-2 kV. Irradiation fluence was 1018-1019 ions/cm2. The
samples for studies were the 99.98% pure palladium foils
coated by tungsten films of different thickness. Vacuum-
arc sputtering method or vacuum-plasma deposition
(VPD) [5], and method of chemical vapor deposition
(CVD) [6] were used for W-film manufacture. The
deposition of films by W-rod sputtering in situ in DSM-1
vacuum chamber was also applied. In the latter two
symmetrical cathodes were connected by W-rod of 5mm
diameter and so called “rodtron” configuration, similar to
cylindrical magnetron-type discharge (CMD), was
realized (Fig.1).
Fig.1. The experimental setup DSM-1 scheme during
W-film deposition
Experimental technique for erosion rate measurement
by weight-loss method had been described in detail in the
previous works [3, 4]. It should be only noted, that
erosion rate measurements for samples saturated to high
hydrogen concentration were carried out by two ways.
The first was, when to determine weight loss of the
irradiated sample, it was placed in the special vacuum
chamber and was baked at the temperature of 600°C in
vacuum 1.33⋅10-4 Pa during one hour to remove the
residuary amount of dissolved hydrogen. The second one
was, when the irradiated samples were exposed to
hydrogen at pressure of 2 atm. during many hours to
reach initial high hydrogen concentration in the Pd-
substrate (usually about H/Pd=0.65). Erosion coefficients
determined by these different methods were like with the
experimental accuracy ≈30%. The main error was
determined by ion current measurements (≈ 25%) and was
caused by some current instability on the initial stage of
discharges due to impurity flow from cathodes.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Erosion coefficient dependencies on fluence for W-films
on Pd manufactured by different methods are shown in
Figure 2. For comparison, the literature data for bare Pd[4]
and bulk W[7], as well as our experimental results for
rolled W-sheet of 0.1 mm thickness obtained in the
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Plasma Physics (11). 2005. № 2. P. 107-109 107
Fig.2. Erosion coefficient dependencies on fluence Φ:
dotted lines are the literature data for Pd [3] and W [8],
empty circles are the present experiment data for 0.1 mm
rolled W-sheet, empty squares are the experimental data
for 0.1 µm W-films made in magnetron-type discharges,
and solid triangles are the experimental data for 1.5 µm
VPD W-films
similar conditions as for W-Pd system are presented in this
figure, too. It is seen, that fluence dependencies are different
for coatings made by different methods. For W-films made
by VPD and CVD the erosion coefficient values are near
to that for bulk tungsten presented in the work [7] (≈
0.15at./ion, E=1.2 keV), and it does not change up to the
fluence Φ about 4⋅1019 ion/cm2 (for 1.5µm W-film
thickness).
Fig.3. W-Pd samples (x0.6) after nitrogen plasma
irradiation with the fluence Φ about 7⋅1019 ion/cm2:
(a) – 1.5µm VPD W-film, (b) – 0.1µm CMD W-film,
(c) - form of (4µm W)- Pd sample after hydrogen
saturation to concentration H/Pd=0.65, (d) – the same
one before saturation, (e) - (4µm W)-Pd sample after
repeated long time hydrogen saturation up to high
concentration at room temperature
Fig.4. Dependencies of erosion coefficient on nitrogen
ion energy for W-Pd bimetallic systems in hydrogen
saturated (1-VPD 4µ W-film, 2- CVD 5µ W-film) state
and non-saturated (3) state
At the further fluence increase the sputtering rate
extremely increases up to typical values for palladium
(1.3 at./ion at 1.2 keV ion energy [3]) due to full film
sputtering (Fig.3a, 3b). In the case of W-coatings made in
magnetron-type discharge in DSM-1, erosion coefficient
monotone increases with an exposure time. Such erosion
behavior one can explain taking into account that VPD
and CVD W-films were manufactured at a rather high
substrate temperature (500°C and 800°C, accordingly),
when film porosity is sufficiently low. The W-films
manufactured in the cylindrical magnetron-type discharge
in the DSM-1 are characterized by high porosity,
including open porosity, because deposition was carried
out at low substrate temperature (≈50°C). So, taking into
account small thickness, in this case it could be parallel
erosion both W and Pd with permanently increasing of
palladium part.
The erosion coefficient values measured depending on
nitrogen ion energy for W-Pd systems in hydrogen-
saturated and non-saturated states are shown in Fig.4. It is
seen that erosion of hydrogen saturated W-Pd samples
under N+ ion bombardment was observed in ≈2-5 times
lower than that for non-saturated samples. Note that
during hydrogen saturation procedure the main amount of
hydrogen is dissolved in palladium substrate. During
plasma experiments with hydrogen saturated W-Pd
samples, they are heated up to 200-300°C and hydrogen,
diffusing from the Pd-substrate bulk through W-films,
increases working pressure from 0.266 Pa to 0.29 Pa (it is
the regime with high hydrogen recycling coefficient). The
physical mechanism, similar to that described in [3], can
be suggested to explain the obtained result. When
hydrogen in metal lattice is strongly bound up with host
atoms (in the case of hydrogen in W the binding energy is
about 1.04 eV [1]), it is more probably, that bombarding
ion gives its energy to large complex hydrogen-host
atom. In this situation hydrogen atoms have good chance
to be sputtered (selective hydrogen sputtering can take
place). In palladium hydrogen has low binding energy (≈
0.23 eV [1]) and high mobility at moderate and even at
low temperatures. So hydrogen sub-system slightly bound
up with host atoms, and, therefore it is more probably that
bombarding ion gives its energy to large Pd atom than to
small hydrogen atom/proton. In this situation Pd atoms
have good chance to be sputtered and dissolved hydrogen
has not an influence on the erosion behavior as it was
earlier observed in the work [3]. Hydrogen saturation of
W-Pd system leads not only to changes in sputtering yield
values but to macro-damages of samples in kind of strong
shape changes and shelling erosion, too. Shape changes
(Fig.3c and Fig.3d) were observed as non-elastic residual
form deformation from flat to convex after W-Pd sample
two-sided exposure in hydrogen atmosphere at 2 atm.
pressure and at room temperature during long time
(usually more than 100 hours). At 0.2mm Pd-substrate
thickness and of 20mm diameter the sample deflection
was about 6mm. It is very large value in comparison with
elastic and non-elastic deformation which was observed
earlier for Pd [8], and for Cu-coated palladium after one-
sided hydrogen saturation in the range of only α-phase
hydrogen solution [9]. Behind of different scale of these
effects, it seems reasonable guess to explain the observed
strong shape change in our experiments similar, as it was
described in above mentioned works, namely, as the
affect of the dynamic fields of stresses caused by
gradients of hydrogen concentration. It should be noted
that even strong shape change caused by hydrogen
108
saturation does not lead at once to W-film disruption. But
after repeated long time hydrogen saturation so called shelling
erosion was observed, when large percent of W-coating
surface was disrupted (Fig.3e). The possible mechanism
of such disruption could be the next. Hydrogen diffusing
from the palladium bulk segregates into those parts of W
film-palladium interface, which have high defect
concentration, e.g., into regions with lower adhesion. The
hydrogen pressure in these zones increases and large size
bags/voids (macro-blisters) are formed. At the further
hydrogen pressure increase stressedly-deformed W-film
breaks in the bag region, forming macro flakes. It should
be noted that the nature and the scale of such damages are
quite different from well known blistering and flaking,
when blisters and flakes appears on the metall surface as
the result of surface damage by implanted ions. The
behavior and scale of the observed in this work damages
more similar to shelling erosion of TiN-coating on
stainless steel under impact of high-power pulsed plasma
fluxes [10].
4. SUMMARY
In contrast to bare Pd, hydrogen saturation of W-Pd
system to high concentration leads to decrease of erosion
rate of W under nitrogen plasma impact in 2-5 times in
compare with non-saturated state. Such hydrogen effect on
the W erosion behavior could be explained by selective
hydrogen sputtering due to high hydrogen binding energy
in W. Long time hydrogen saturation of W-Pd systems at
room temperature causes strong shape change in the form
of non-elastic residual deformation from the flat form to
the convex one. The possible reason could be the dynamic
fields of stresses caused by gradients of hydrogen
concentration. After repeated long time hydrogen
saturation at room temperature the strong shelling erosion
of tungsten films on Pd was observed. High hydrogen
diffusion from Pd-substrate bulk and segregation of
hydrogen in the parts of W film-palladium interface,
which have high defect concentration, forming hydrogen
induced macro-blisters, could be the reason of such
disruption of W-films.
REFERENCES
1. G. Federici et al. // Nuclear Fusion. 2001, v. 41(12R),
p.1967-2137.
2. G.P.Glazunov et al. // Hydrogen and Helium Recycling
at Plasma Facing Materials. (Ed. A.Hassanein) NATO
Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.
2002, v.54, p.163-176.
3. G. P. Glazunov et al. // Physica Scripta. 2003, v. T103,
p. 89-92.
4. P.Ya. Burchenko et al. // Sov. J. Tech. Phys. 1985,
v.55, No 11, p.2097-2288.
5. I.I. Aksyonov et al. Ukrainian Physical Journal. 1979,
v.24, No 24, p. 515-525 (in Russian).
6. A.P.Patokin, A.P.Sagalovich. // Sov. J. Phys. Chem.
1976, v.50, p.630-634.
7. Y. Yamamura and H. Tawara . Energy dependence of of
ion-induced sputtering yields from monoatomic solids at
normal incidence. NIFS-DATA-23, Nagoya, Japan, 1995,
p.114.
8. R.V. Kotelva and V.A. Goltsov. // Proc. of the Int.
Conf. “Precious and less-common metals-94”, September
19-22, 1994, Donetsk, Ukraine. p.52.
9. V.A.Goltsov et al. // Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 1977,
v.22, p.179-183.
10. G.P.Glazunov et al. // J. Nucl. Mater. 2001, v. 290-3,
p. 266-270.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НАСЫЩЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДОМ НА ЭРОЗИОННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ТОНКИХ
ВОЛЬФРАМОВЫХ ПЛЕНОК ПРИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ СТАЦИОНАРНОЙ АЗОТНОЙ ПЛАЗМЫ
Г.П. Глазунов, А.А. Андреев, Д.И. Барон, Е.Д. Волков, А. Хассанейн,
К.М. Китаевский, А.Л. Конотопский, В.И. Лапшин, И.М. Неклюдов, А.П. Патокин
Исследовалось эрозионное поведение W-Pd биметаллических систем в насыщенном водородом состоянии и
ненасыщенном, при воздействии стационарной азотной плазмы отражательного разряда Пеннинга.
Обсуждаются возможные физические механизмы, объясняющие существенное снижение скорости эрозии и
повреждения таких систем (изменение формы, макро-блистеринг и макро-флэкинг), обусловленных
насыщением водородом до высоких концентраций.
ВПЛИВ НАСИЧЕННЯ ВОДНЕМ НА ЕРОЗІЙНЕ ПОВОДЖЕННЯ ТОНКИХ ВОЛЬФРАМОВИХ
ПЛІВОК ПРИ ВПЛИВІ СТАЦІОНАРНОЇ АЗОТНОЇ ПЛАЗМИ
Г.П. Глазунов, А.А. Андрєєв, Д.І. Барон, Є.Д. Волков, А. Хассанейн,
К.М. Кітаєвський, О.Л. Конотопський, В.І. Лапшин, І.М. Неклюдов, О.П. Патокін
Досліджувалося ерозійне поводження W-Pd біметалічних систем у насиченому воднем стані і ненасиченому,
при впливі стаціонарної азотної плазми відбивного розряду Пеннінга. Обговорюються можливі фізичні
механізми, що пояснюють істотне зниження швидкості ерозії й ушкодження таких систем (зміна форми, макро-
блістерінг і макро-флекінг), обумовлених насиченням воднем до високих концентрацій.
109
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79785 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:11:57Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Glazunov, G.P. Andreev, A.A. Baron, D.I. Volkov, E.D. Hassanein, A. Kitaevskiy, K.M. Konotopskiy, A.L. Lapshin, V.I. Neklyudov, I.M. Patokin, A.P. 2015-04-04T19:09:12Z 2015-04-04T19:09:12Z 2005 Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact / G.P. Glazunov, A.A. Andreev, D.I. Baron, E.D. Volkov, A. Hassanein, K.M. Kitaevskiy, A.L. Konotopskiy, V.I. Lapshin, I.M. Neklyudov, A.P. Patokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 2. — С. 107-109. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.40.Hf, 79.20.R https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79785 The erosion behavior of W-Pd bimetallic system was examined for both hydrogen saturated and non-saturated states under impact of steady state nitrogen plasma of a mirror Penning discharge. Possible physical mechanism is discussed to explain the essential decrease of erosion rate and damages of such systems (form change, macro-blistering and macro-flaking) caused by hydrogen saturation to high concentration. Досліджувалося ерозійне поводження W-Pd біметалічних систем у насиченому воднем стані і ненасиченому, при впливі стаціонарної азотної плазми відбивного розряду Пеннінга. Обговорюються можливі фізичні механізми, що пояснюють істотне зниження швидкості ерозії й ушкодження таких систем (зміна форми, макро- блістерінг і макро-флекінг), обумовлених насиченням воднем до високих концентрацій. Исследовалось эрозионное поведение W-Pd биметаллических систем в насыщенном водородом состоянии и ненасыщенном, при воздействии стационарной азотной плазмы отражательного разряда Пеннинга. Обсуждаются возможные физические механизмы, объясняющие существенное снижение скорости эрозии и повреждения таких систем (изменение формы, макро-блистеринг и макро-флэкинг), обусловленных насыщением водородом до высоких концентраций. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact Вплив насичення воднем на ерозійне поводження тонких вольфрамових плівок при впливі стаціонарної азотної плазми Влияние насыщения водородом на эрозионное поведение тонких вольфрамовых пленок при воздействии стационарной азотной плазмы Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact Glazunov, G.P. Andreev, A.A. Baron, D.I. Volkov, E.D. Hassanein, A. Kitaevskiy, K.M. Konotopskiy, A.L. Lapshin, V.I. Neklyudov, I.M. Patokin, A.P. Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| title | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact |
| title_alt | Вплив насичення воднем на ерозійне поводження тонких вольфрамових плівок при впливі стаціонарної азотної плазми Влияние насыщения водородом на эрозионное поведение тонких вольфрамовых пленок при воздействии стационарной азотной плазмы |
| title_full | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact |
| title_short | Hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin W-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact |
| title_sort | hydrogen saturation influence on erosion behavior of thin w-films under steady state nitrogen plasma impact |
| topic | Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| topic_facet | Plasma dynamics and plasma wall interaction |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79785 |
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