The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations
A method is proposed for numerical analysis of radiation characteristics of output devices of the electron linac.
 The method enables an optimum arrangement of the objects irradiated in the field of electron radiation and
 bremsstrahlung. Results are reported from the analysis of equ...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
|---|---|
| Date: | 2006 |
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2006
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79889 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations / A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Dovbnya, V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 194-196. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860019016267988992 |
|---|---|
| author | Dovbnya, A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. |
| author_facet | Dovbnya, A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. |
| citation_txt | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations / A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Dovbnya, V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 194-196. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | A method is proposed for numerical analysis of radiation characteristics of output devices of the electron linac.
The method enables an optimum arrangement of the objects irradiated in the field of electron radiation and
bremsstrahlung. Results are reported from the analysis of equipment location at the exit of one of the NSC KIPT
electron linacs. The results were obtained by the mathematical simulation method with the use of the PENELOPE
code system.
Предложен метод численного анализа радиационных характеристик выходных устройств ускорителя электронов. Метод позволяет оптимально расположить объекты, облучаемые в поле электронного и тормозного излучения. Приводятся результаты анализа размещения оборудования на выходе одного из линейных ускорителей ННЦ ХФТИ. Результаты получены методом математического моделирования с помощью программной системы PENELOPE.
Пропонується метод чисельного аналізу радіаційних характеристик вихідних пристроїв прискорювача
електронів. Метод дозволяє оптимально розмістити об’єкти, що опромінюються в полі електронного і
гальмівного випромінювань. Приводяться результати аналізу розміщення устаткування на виході одного з
лінійних прискорювачів ННЦ ХФТІ. Результати одержані методом математичного моделювання за
допомогою програмної системи PENELOPE.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:46:28Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
THE METHOD FOR ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE
e, X-BEAM PATH OF ELECTRON LINAC-BASED RADIATION
INSTALLATIONS
A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Dovbnya, V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: vinikiforov@kipt.kharkov.ua
A method is proposed for numerical analysis of radiation characteristics of output devices of the electron linac.
The method enables an optimum arrangement of the objects irradiated in the field of electron radiation and
bremsstrahlung. Results are reported from the analysis of equipment location at the exit of one of the NSC KIPT
electron linacs. The results were obtained by the mathematical simulation method with the use of the PENELOPE
code system.
PACS: 87.50.Gi; 87.53Vb
1. INTRODUCTION
In modern radiation installations based on high-cur-
rent electron accelerators a high-power bremsstrahlung
is generated in the interaction of the beam with output
device components. In addition to electron radiation, the
bremsstrahlung may be used for carrying out technolog-
ical programs (e,X-beam devices). Here we propose the
method for analysis and optimization of such devices.
The accelerator beam track, starting from the elec-
tron source, can be considered as a single multicompo-
nent target consisting of the layers of different materials
that are transverse with respect to the beam. The thick-
ness of each layer is measured in the units of the aver-
age entire range of the electron in the given material at
electron energy equal to the average energy of electrons
from the source. We shall call thus obtained length of
the electron accelerator as the stopping length. Using
the method of simulation based on the PENELOPE code
system [1], we calculate the characteristics of the radia-
tion field as functions of the stopping path of the device
for actual or anticipated variant of output equipment lo-
cation there. The main characteristics among them are
the energy yields of electrons, photons and their ratio.
The analysis of the behavior of these characteristics, and
also, of their variations in relation to the variations in
the parameters of the equipment provides an optimum
variant of the arrangement of targets for their irradiation
with electrons and photons.
To illustrate the method, the quality of the particle
beam path of the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-20 was an-
alyzed. The accelerator has two targets, one of which
being irradiated with electrons, and the other - with pho-
tons. Thus, the given accelerator is a realized variant of
the e,X-device.
2. THE MAIN STATES OF e,X-RADIATION
AFTER PASSING THROUGH TARGETS OF
DIFFERENT THICKNESSES
Let the monochromatic electron beam of energy E0
be incident on the target of arbitrary material of given
thickness. The target thickness measured in the units of
the average entire electron range in the target material
will be called as the stopping thickness.
The summed energy of electrons incident on the tar-
get is denoted as Ebeam. Electrons with the summed ener-
gy Eel and photons with the summed energy Ega are
emitted from the target in the direction of the incident
beam. Positrons emitted from the target are neglected.
The Eel/Ebeam ratio is the electron transmission coeffi-
cient, the Ega/Ebeam ratio is the energy coefficient of elec-
tron-to-photon conversion, the Ega/Eel ratio is the photon
beam quality factor, which characterizes the degree of
electron content in the beam.
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
E ga
/E
be
am
, %
Thickness/Range
Е
0
=10 MeV
Water, range 5.08 cm
Al, range 2.17 cm
Cu, range 0.69 cm
Ta, range 0.37 cm
b
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Thickness/Range
d
E
0
=10 MeV
Ta, range 0.37 cm
Eel/Ebeam*
E
ga
/E
beam
*
E
ga
/E
el
*
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Е
0
=10 MeV
Water, range 5.08 cm
Al, range 2.17 cm
Cu, range 0.69 cm
Ta, range 0.37 cm
Thickness/Range
cE ga
/E
el
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
a
Е0=10 MeV
Water, range 5.08 cm
Al, range 2.17 cm
Cu, range 0.69 cm
Ta, range 0.37 cm
E el
/E
be
am
, %
Thickness/Range
Fig.1. The coefficients of transmission (a), conversion
(b), photon beam quality (c), and also, normalized coef-
ficients for tantalum (d) as functions of the stopping tar-
get thickness, E0 = 10 MeV
Fig.1 shows the calculated above-mentioned charac-
teristics of radiation as functions of the stopping thick-
ness of targets made of different materials in a wide
range of atomic numbers for E0 = 10 MeV. As it is obvi-
ous, for all the materials under study, the characteristics
show a qualitatively similar behavior. This is shown in
Fig.1,d, which gives the characteristics for tantalum,
each being normalized for its maximum value.
It can be seen from the example with tantalum that
as the target thickness increases; the state of radiation at
the target output goes through three main stages.
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.194-196.194
mailto:vinikiforov@kipt.kharkov.ua
At the first stage, at a target thickness ranging from
zero to 0.5 there occur the deceleration and stopping of
beam electrons, accompanied by a rise in the
bremsstrahlung intensity up to the maximum value.
At the second stage, at thicknesses between 0.5 and
1.15, there occurs the formation of a dynamically equi-
librium secondary radiation, with photons being its main
component. At this stage, an intense improvement in the
photon beam quality up to the maximum value takes
place.
At the third stage, at thicknesses between 1.15 and
more, the absorption of the formed secondary radiation
occurs. The process goes in such a way that the Ega/Eel
ratio stays high and decreases very slowly as compared
with the drop in the photon intensity (photon-electron
equilibrium [2]).
3. ANALYSIS OF THE BEAM PATH IN THE
INSTALLATION WITH THE
ACCELERATOR LU-20 AS THE BASIS
The scheme of output devices in the accelerator
beam is presented in Fig.2. Along the beam, there go in
succession: the exit window foil (Ti, 50 μ), then in the
air – the scatterer plate (Al, 2 mm), the vessel (Al, the
front wall is 1 mm thick, the rear wall is 5 mm thick)
with target 1 (2.67 g/cm3 density, measures 40×40×
2.5 cm), the converter device from a 1 mm tantalum
plate, and the 8 mm aluminum plate assembly unit. Be-
hind the converter, there is the target 2 (3.36 g/cv3 den-
sity, same size). The distance from the foil to the second
target is 164 cm.
Fig.2. Scheme of peripheral units of the accelerator
LU-20
The electron beam energy spectrum is shown in the
inset of Fig. 2. The average electron energy value makes
22.8 MeV. At this energy, computations were made to
obtain the entire ranges of electrons in Ti, air, Ta, Al,
target 1, target 2, and also the stopping thicknesses of
the corresponding output devices and air gaps. The sum
of thicknesses of all the components makes the stopping
length of the output device of the accelerator.
The radiation field characteristics were determined
in the front planes of the components (control points,
see Fig.2): CP1 is a front plane of the Al scatterer, CP2
is the 1st wall plane of the target 1 container, CP3 is the
1st wall plane of target 1, CP4 is the 1st wall plane of the
Ta plate of the converter, CP5 is the 1st wall plane of the
Al unit of converter plates, CP6 is the 1st wall plane of
target 2. The mentioned control point numbers CP1,
CP2 (or 1, 2), etc., are shown in Fig.3.
Figs.3,a1, b1, c1 give radiation field characteristics
of the operational e,X-device based on the LU-20, and
Figs.3,a2, b2, c2 illustrate the variations in these charac-
teristics with an increase in the tantalum plate thickness
up to 7 mm. With a growing plate thickness points 5 and
6 get shifted. Figs.3,a2, b2, c2 show new positions of
point 5 and the associated corresponding new positions
of point 6.
0,0 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 2,0 2,4 2,8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Length/Range
c2
CP5 CP6
7 mm
6 mm
5 mm
4 mm
3 mm
2 mm
1 mm
E ga
/E
el
0,0 0,4 0,8 1,2 1,6 2,0 2,4 2,8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Length/Range
b2
CP6
CP5
7 mm
6 mm
5 mm
4 mm
3 mm
2 mm
1 mm
E ga
/E
be
am
, %
0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8
0
1
2
3
4
5
Length/Range
а2
6
6
6
6 6 6555
5
5
5
6
5
7 mm6 mm5 mm
4 mm
3 mm
2 mm
1 mm
E el
/E
be
am
, %
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Length/Range
c1
Al unitТаAlTarget 1
6
543
2
1
E ga
/E
el
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Length/Range
b1
Al unitТаAlTarget 1
6
5
4
3
2
1
E ga
/E
be
am
, %
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
а1
Al Al unitТаTarget 1
65
4
3
2
1
Length/Range
E el
/E
be
am
, %
Fig.3. Coefficients of transmission (a1), conversion
(b1), photon beam quality (c1) and variations of these
coefficients (a2, b2, c2) (for different Ta plate thick-
nesses) versus stopping length of the output device
The data presented in Fig.3 show that target 1 is the
main “consumer” of the electron beam. At the same
time, together with the second wall of the container (de-
noted as A1 in the figure) and the tantalum plate target 1
serves as an e,X-converter, because at point 5 the con-
version coefficient attains its maximum. Target 2, in its
turn, is the “consumer” of the high-quality photon beam,
because at point 6 the quality factor reaches maximum.
So, at accelerator LU-20 conditions, targets 1 and 2
are arranged in the optimum way.
Note that the LU-20 photon beam quality is in-
creased by the aluminum plate assembly unit by a factor
of 21.7 (Fig.3,c1). In this case, the conversion coeffi-
cient value falls from 11.7% down to 4.6% (Fig.3,b1).
Thus, the aluminum unit plays the role of the electron
filter. If this role is assigned to the 7 mm thick tantalum
plate, and the aluminum unit is removed, then the beam
quality will remain the same (Fig.3,c2), and the conver-
sion coefficient will fall down to 7.9% (cf. 4.6% in
Fig.3,b2). In this case, the photon yield is 1.7 times
higher. At an unchanged quality, this means that the
electron portion in the photon beam will be by the same
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.194-196.195
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
Spectrum LU-20
Еav=22.8 MeV
dP
/dE
, 1/
Me
V
Energy, MeV
factor greater. Therefore, light aluminum in the quality
of a “cleaner” appears to be better than tantalum.
4. CONCLUSION
The proposed method for optimizing the arrange-
ment of equipment and targets at the accelerator exit is
one-dimensional, because only the energies of
electron/photon components of the radiation are ana-
lyzed. The complete analysis must be three-dimension-
al, i.e., it must take into additional consideration the an-
gular and radial divergences (emittance) of the beams,
and also the dimensions of output device elements,
which are transverse in relation to the beam.
Work is supported by STCU, contract № 3151.
REFERENCES
1. F. Salvat, J.M. Fernandez-Varea, J. Sempau.
PENELOPE-A Code System for Monte Carlo Simu-
lation of Electron and Positron Transport. Work-
shop Proc. Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. 2003.
2. V. Veksler, L. Groshev, B. Isaev. Ionization Meth-
ods for Radiation Research. M.: “Gosizdat tekn.-
teor. Lit. Publication”. 1949, p.51 (in Russian).
МЕТОД АНАЛИЗА И ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ е,X-ТРАКТА РАДИАЦИОННЫХ УСТАНОВОК
С ЛИНЕЙНЫМИ УСКОРИТЕЛЯМИ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ
А.Н. Довбня, Н.А. Довбня, В.И. Никифоров, В.Л. Уваров
Предложен метод численного анализа радиационных характеристик выходных устройств ускорителя
электронов. Метод позволяет оптимально расположить объекты, облучаемые в поле электронного и тормоз-
ного излучения. Приводятся результаты анализа размещения оборудования на выходе одного из линейных
ускорителей ННЦ ХФТИ. Результаты получены методом математического моделирования с помощью про-
граммной системы PENELOPE.
МЕТОД АНАЛІЗУ ТА ОПТИМIЗАЦIÏ е,X-ТРАКТА РАДIАЦIЙНИХ УСТАНОВОК З ЛIНIЙНИМИ
ПРИСКОРЮВАЧАМИ ЕЛЕКТРОНIВ
А.М. Довбня, Н.А. Довбня, В.I. Нікіфоров, В.Л. Уваров
Пропонується метод чисельного аналізу радіаційних характеристик вихідних пристроїв прискорювача
електронів. Метод дозволяє оптимально розмістити об’єкти, що опромінюються в полі електронного і
гальмівного випромінювань. Приводяться результати аналізу розміщення устаткування на виході одного з
лінійних прискорювачів ННЦ ХФТІ. Результати одержані методом математичного моделювання за
допомогою програмної системи PENELOPE.
196
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79889 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:46:28Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Dovbnya, A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. 2015-04-06T16:08:19Z 2015-04-06T16:08:19Z 2006 The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations / A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Dovbnya, V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 194-196. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 87.50.Gi; 87.53Vb https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79889 A method is proposed for numerical analysis of radiation characteristics of output devices of the electron linac.
 The method enables an optimum arrangement of the objects irradiated in the field of electron radiation and
 bremsstrahlung. Results are reported from the analysis of equipment location at the exit of one of the NSC KIPT
 electron linacs. The results were obtained by the mathematical simulation method with the use of the PENELOPE
 code system. Предложен метод численного анализа радиационных характеристик выходных устройств ускорителя электронов. Метод позволяет оптимально расположить объекты, облучаемые в поле электронного и тормозного излучения. Приводятся результаты анализа размещения оборудования на выходе одного из линейных ускорителей ННЦ ХФТИ. Результаты получены методом математического моделирования с помощью программной системы PENELOPE. Пропонується метод чисельного аналізу радіаційних характеристик вихідних пристроїв прискорювача
 електронів. Метод дозволяє оптимально розмістити об’єкти, що опромінюються в полі електронного і
 гальмівного випромінювань. Приводяться результати аналізу розміщення устаткування на виході одного з
 лінійних прискорювачів ННЦ ХФТІ. Результати одержані методом математичного моделювання за
 допомогою програмної системи PENELOPE. Work is supported by STCU, contract № 3151. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations Метод анализа и оптимизации е,X-тракта радиационных установок с линейными ускорителями электронов Метод аналізу та оптимiзацiï е,X-тракта радiацiйних установок з лiнiйними прискорювачами електронiв Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations Dovbnya, A.N. Dovbnya, N.A. Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях |
| title | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations |
| title_alt | Метод анализа и оптимизации е,X-тракта радиационных установок с линейными ускорителями электронов Метод аналізу та оптимiзацiï е,X-тракта радiацiйних установок з лiнiйними прискорювачами електронiв |
| title_full | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations |
| title_fullStr | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations |
| title_full_unstemmed | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations |
| title_short | The method for analysis and optimization of the e,X-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations |
| title_sort | method for analysis and optimization of the e,x-beam path of electron linac-based radiation installations |
| topic | Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях |
| topic_facet | Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79889 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dovbnyaan themethodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations AT dovbnyana themethodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations AT nikiforovvi themethodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations AT uvarovvl themethodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations AT dovbnyaan metodanalizaioptimizaciiextraktaradiacionnyhustanovokslineinymiuskoritelâmiélektronov AT dovbnyana metodanalizaioptimizaciiextraktaradiacionnyhustanovokslineinymiuskoritelâmiélektronov AT nikiforovvi metodanalizaioptimizaciiextraktaradiacionnyhustanovokslineinymiuskoritelâmiélektronov AT uvarovvl metodanalizaioptimizaciiextraktaradiacionnyhustanovokslineinymiuskoritelâmiélektronov AT dovbnyaan metodanalízutaoptimizaciiextraktaradiaciinihustanovokzliniinimipriskorûvačamielektroniv AT dovbnyana metodanalízutaoptimizaciiextraktaradiaciinihustanovokzliniinimipriskorûvačamielektroniv AT nikiforovvi metodanalízutaoptimizaciiextraktaradiaciinihustanovokzliniinimipriskorûvačamielektroniv AT uvarovvl metodanalízutaoptimizaciiextraktaradiaciinihustanovokzliniinimipriskorûvačamielektroniv AT dovbnyaan methodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations AT dovbnyana methodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations AT nikiforovvi methodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations AT uvarovvl methodforanalysisandoptimizationoftheexbeampathofelectronlinacbasedradiationinstallations |