Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron

Thyratrons of obsolete types TGI1-2500/50, TGI1-2500/35, TGI1-5000/50 are used in modulators of NSC KIPT of as a switch, their service life has expired. To update the modulator we selected thyratron СХ1525А of company EЕV, which technical parameters met the requirements: switched current 2.3 kA, ano...

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Автори: Chertishev, I.A., Ivakhnenko, M.V., Kaplij, D.A., Khomyakov, E.A., Kosoi, A.I., Titov, V.Yu., Tur, Yu.D., Tsymbal, V.A., Zajtsev, E.I., Zajtsev, I.N.
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Опубліковано: Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України 2014
Назва видання:Вопросы атомной науки и техники
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Цитувати:Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron / I.A. Chertishev, M.V. Ivakhnenko, D.A. Kaplij, E.A. Khomyakov, A.I. Kosoi, V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur, V.A. Tsymbal, E.I. Zajtsev, I.N. Zajtsev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 75-78. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ.

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spelling nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-799892025-02-10T01:08:48Z Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron Коммутатор на основе тиратрона CX1525A Комутатор на основі тиратрона CX1525A Chertishev, I.A. Ivakhnenko, M.V. Kaplij, D.A. Khomyakov, E.A. Kosoi, A.I. Titov, V.Yu. Tur, Yu.D. Tsymbal, V.A. Zajtsev, E.I. Zajtsev, I.N. Теория и техника ускорения частиц Thyratrons of obsolete types TGI1-2500/50, TGI1-2500/35, TGI1-5000/50 are used in modulators of NSC KIPT of as a switch, their service life has expired. To update the modulator we selected thyratron СХ1525А of company EЕV, which technical parameters met the requirements: switched current 2.3 kA, anode voltage up to 40 kV, pulse frequency up to 300 Hz, pulse duration 5 μs. Thyratron switchboard based on СХ1525А was de-signed and constructed. The results of study the switch operation in mode of active accelerator are reported. В модуляторах ННЦ ХФТИ в качестве коммутатора используются тиратроны типа ТГИ1-2500/50, ТГИ1-2500/35, ТГИ1-5000/50, ресурс которых исчерпан. Для модификации модулятора выбран тиратрон СХ1525А производства фирмы EЕV, по техническим характеристикам удовлетворяющий параметрам: коммутируемый ток 2,3 кA; анодное напряжение до 40 кВ; частота посылок до 300 Гц; длительность импульса 5 мкс. Проведена разработка и изготовление тиратронной стойки на основе СХ1525А. Приведены результаты исследования работы коммутатора в режиме действующего ускорителя. У модуляторах ННЦ ХФТІ в якості комутатора використовуються тиратрони типу ТГІ1-2500/50, ТГІ1-2500/35, ТГИ1-5000/50, ресурс яких було вичерпано. Для модифікації модулятора було вибрано тиратрон СХ1525А виробництва фірми ЕЕV, який по технічним характеристикам відповідає параметрам: комутуємий струм 2,3 кА; анодна напруга до 40 кВ; частота посилок до 300 Гц, тривалість імпульсу 5 мкс. Проведена розробка та виготовлення тиратронної стойки на основі СХ1525А. Приведено результати дослідження роботи комутатора в режимі діючого прискорювача. 2014 Article Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron / I.A. Chertishev, M.V. Ivakhnenko, D.A. Kaplij, E.A. Khomyakov, A.I. Kosoi, V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur, V.A. Tsymbal, E.I. Zajtsev, I.N. Zajtsev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 75-78. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79989 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language English
topic Теория и техника ускорения частиц
Теория и техника ускорения частиц
spellingShingle Теория и техника ускорения частиц
Теория и техника ускорения частиц
Chertishev, I.A.
Ivakhnenko, M.V.
Kaplij, D.A.
Khomyakov, E.A.
Kosoi, A.I.
Titov, V.Yu.
Tur, Yu.D.
Tsymbal, V.A.
Zajtsev, E.I.
Zajtsev, I.N.
Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron
Вопросы атомной науки и техники
description Thyratrons of obsolete types TGI1-2500/50, TGI1-2500/35, TGI1-5000/50 are used in modulators of NSC KIPT of as a switch, their service life has expired. To update the modulator we selected thyratron СХ1525А of company EЕV, which technical parameters met the requirements: switched current 2.3 kA, anode voltage up to 40 kV, pulse frequency up to 300 Hz, pulse duration 5 μs. Thyratron switchboard based on СХ1525А was de-signed and constructed. The results of study the switch operation in mode of active accelerator are reported.
format Article
author Chertishev, I.A.
Ivakhnenko, M.V.
Kaplij, D.A.
Khomyakov, E.A.
Kosoi, A.I.
Titov, V.Yu.
Tur, Yu.D.
Tsymbal, V.A.
Zajtsev, E.I.
Zajtsev, I.N.
author_facet Chertishev, I.A.
Ivakhnenko, M.V.
Kaplij, D.A.
Khomyakov, E.A.
Kosoi, A.I.
Titov, V.Yu.
Tur, Yu.D.
Tsymbal, V.A.
Zajtsev, E.I.
Zajtsev, I.N.
author_sort Chertishev, I.A.
title Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron
title_short Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron
title_full Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron
title_fullStr Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron
title_full_unstemmed Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron
title_sort powerful switch based on cx1525a thyratron
publisher Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
publishDate 2014
topic_facet Теория и техника ускорения частиц
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79989
citation_txt Powerful switch based on CX1525A thyratron / I.A. Chertishev, M.V. Ivakhnenko, D.A. Kaplij, E.A. Khomyakov, A.I. Kosoi, V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur, V.A. Tsymbal, E.I. Zajtsev, I.N. Zajtsev // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 75-78. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ.
series Вопросы атомной науки и техники
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fulltext ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №3(91) 75 POWERFUL SWITCH BASED ON CX1525A THYRATRON I.A. Chertishev, M.V. Ivakhnenko, D.A. Kaplij, E.A. Khomyakov, A.I. Kosoi, V.Yu. Titov, Yu.D. Tur, V.A. Tsymbal, E.I. Zajtsev, I.N. Zajtsev National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine E-mail: ch.igor@kipt.kharkov.ua Thyratrons of obsolete types TGI1-2500/50, TGI1-2500/35, TGI1-5000/50 are used in modulators of NSC KIPT of as a switch, their service life has expired. To update the modulator we selected thyratron СХ1525А of company EЕV, which technical parameters met the requirements: switched current 2.3 kA, anode voltage up to 40 kV, pulse frequency up to 300 Hz, pulse duration 5 μs. Thyratron switchboard based on СХ1525А was de-signed and con- structed. The results of study the switch operation in mode of active accelerator are reported. PACS: 29.17.+w INTRODUCTION Hydrogen thyratrons intended for generation of high- voltage short pulses at high load currents are used as a switch in many plants. Hydrogen thyratron made of ce- ramic and metal as a rule has a heated cathode and a con- trol grid. Pulse typical parameters are: duration – units of microsecond, anode voltage – kilovolt (up to 40 kV), switched current – units of kiloampere. Pulses are gener- ated by quick connection a load to energy storage system, which is discharged completely in a time of pulse dura- tion. The voltage in anode-cathode path becomes insuffi- cient to maintain the discharge In the course of discharg- ing the capacitor of the energy storage system through thyratron and load resistance the voltage in anode- cathode path becomes insufficient to maintain the dis- charge. Electrons and ions diffuse to electrodes and vacu- um shell walls, settle on their surfaces and recombine among themselves – plasma medium “decays” and the anode-cathode path restores its insulating properties. Connection is realized by the thyratron when relatively low-powered voltage pulse enters the control electrode. Modulators on hydrogen thyratrons have a number of advantages. They are simply constructed and have a high efficiency. The switch is an important part of this plant. A num- ber of requirements regarding peak operating voltage, peak switched current, average current etc. are imposed to it. So performance reliability of the plant [1, 2] de- pends on selection of a switch and its constituent parts. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Modulators operated in NSC KIPT active accelera- tors are performed according to linear circuit with gen- erating line depletion, through a pulse transformer. Simplified electric diagram of the plant is presented in Fig. 1. The PFN is charged through charging choke and diode from power supply. The PFN is discharged through TGI switch to primary winding of pulse power transformer of amplifying klystrons. In initial state be- fore arrival of control voltage pulse the cathode is heat- ed up to operating temperature and grid potential is zero (as to cathode). Anode potential is high (kilovolts), but it doesn't accelerate electrons emitted by the cathode due to low penetration factor of the grid. Voltage pulse of shape close to rectangular is generated on RL load as a result of PFN discharge. Pulse peak can be adjusted additionally by changing the parameters of generating line cells [3]. Fig. 1. Simplified electric diagram of the plant Ceramic hydrogen filled thyratrons of type TGI1- 2500/50, TGI1-5000/50 and TGI1-5к/45 were used as switches. However, most of thyratrons used in accelera- tors failed for some time past. Thyratron СХ1525A of company ЕEV was selected to replace the exhausted thyratrons, as well as to update the modulator. Switch based on deuterium filled thyratron СХ1525A was de- veloped and implemented. SELECTION OF A THYRATRON Selection of a thyratron was carried out on the prin- ciple that to minimize a number of reconnections in modulator circuit. So the selected thyratron should have characteristics comparable to thyratrons used in the plant previously. The main technical parameters of thy- ratrons used in accelerator modulators before and pa- rameters of thyratron СХ1525A are presented in the. As seen in the Table the technical requirements for thyra- tron operation were met and the main reason of thyra- tron failure was the expiry of life. The main parameters of the selected thyratron are comparable to parameters previously used but the maximum switching frequency is higher. Besides, deuterium thyratrons СХ1525A are more stable compared to conventional lamps. Thus, the new thyratron can be used in modulator circuit in case of connection diagram and lockouts updating. Assembly representation of thyratron СХ1525A is presented in Fig. 2. The thyratron has two grids G1, G2, as well as gradient grid for distribution of anode potential over the surface. The thyratron has a ceramic case. The overall length is 50 mm. mailto:ch.igor@kipt.kharkov.ua ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №3(91) 76 Parameter name, units of measurement СХ1525A TGI1-2500/50 TGI1-5000/50 TGI1-5к/45 Rating Actual Rating Actual Rating Actual Rating Actual Filament voltage, V 6.3 6 6…6.6 6.3 6.66 5.5 6.5 6.3 Filament current, А 37 37 76…94 85 2.2 190 30 29 Pulse anode voltage, kV 50 10…50 45 10…50 45 5…40 40 Pulse anode current, A 5000 2300 2500 2000 5000 2000 2500 2500 Average anode current, А 5 4 4 3 10 3 10 4 Pulse duration, µs 50 5 30 5 16 5 0.2…50 5 Frequency, Hz 5000 300 400 300 125 300 5000 300 Cooling Air 5 cube/min Water 3 l/min Water 15 l/min Air 5 cube/min Diagram of thyratron grids connection is presented in Fig. 3. Hydrogen thyratrons have a potential control with two grids. Trigger unit, which ensures feeding of pulses of voltage  600…2000 V and duration  0.5…2 µS to two grids, is required to activate the thyra- tron. МА2709A trigger unit of company ЕEV is used to activate the thyratron. G G2 G1 Fig. 2. Assembly representation of thyratron СХ1525A: G1 – the first grid; G2 – the second grid; G – gradient grid Structurally it is fastened on the switchboard. Cables connected to it are shielded. Signals from trigger unit are applied to thyratron grids G1, G2 via load resistors R1, R2. Suppressors are used to protect thyratron and trigger unit from noise pickups. Transmitting cables from the trigger unit to the thy- ratron, as well as from the trigger unit to lockout moni- toring system were roved through ferrite rings in order to avoid noises on triggering pulse or minimize them to the permissible value. Signals from trigger unit through dividers Rд1, Rд2 are transmitted to lockout monitoring system. Locking is performed so that the system will not start if at least one grid signal does not enter the lockout monitoring system. Locking of airflow (cooling) system is executed in the same way. Isolating transformers are installed on transmitting cables at the modulator output. Galvanic isolation of thyratron grids and output circuits of the trigger unit and lockout monitoring system are involved. Positive voltage of ~ 500 V is applied to the first grid providing an auxiliary discharge between cathode and the first grid. The first grid has low resistance rela- tive to the second grid, electron flow between grid 1 and grid 2 increases when a pilot spark burns on the fist grid. A signal having a pulse height (amplitude) of ≈ 100 V, durability of ≈ 0.5 μs, delayed for ~ 0.5 μs in relating to the first pulse is applied to the second grid. Negative bias of ~ 150 V is applied to the second grid. This diagram of thyratron connection ensures increasing of cathode service life. Fig. 3. Diagram of connection of thyratron grids Fig. 4. Signals on thyratron grids: G1 – the first grid; G2 – the second grid Voltage pulses on grids at heated thyratron are pre- sented in Fig. 4. The resistance of the first grid is ~ 7 Ohm. The resistance of the second grid is ~ 50 Ohm. Voltage pulse on the second grid is 500…600 V, it is slightly weaker. Voltage pulse on the first grid has sharp edge enough (~ 10 kV/µs), it ensures stable operation of ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №3(91) 77 the switch. Voltage pulse on the second grid has nega- tive shift and delay relative to the pulse from the first grid. Thus, the required conditions for reliable actuating of thyratrons are observed. Diagram of the thyratron connection is presented in Fig. 5. СХ1525A has two grids: G1 loaded on resistance ~ 5 Ohm, G2 loaded on resistance ~ 50 Ohm and a gradi- ent grid. Gradient divider comprises resistance- capacitance divider R1-C1 (R1= 500 Ohm, C1 ~ 600 nF) and ohmic devider R2 (18 MOhm, with total dissipated power of ~10 W), this divider is required for potential distribution up to 40 kV over the thyratron surface (ex- ternal and internal). It renders possible to avoid or min- imize the probability of disruptive discharge over the surface. C2, C3 are filtering capacities. R1 VD VD R1 R2 R2 C1 C1 CX1525 Rg2 G2 Rg1 C2 C3 HR HC G1 Rh2 Rd1 Rd2 Rh1 M A 2 7 0 9 R1 VD VD R1 R2 R2 C1 C1 CX1525 Rg2 G2 Rg1 C2 C3 HR HC G1 Rh2 Rd1 Rd2 Rh1 M A 2 7 0 9 Fig. 5. Diagram of the thyratron connection TRIGGERING OF THE SWITCH After analysis and measurement of technical param- eters of the thyratron and the trigger unit and study the regulations for their connection the modulator of the accelerator КUТ-1 was triggered in operation mode. For this purpose the lockouts were manufactured or updated, as well as noises were reduced to the level required for reliable operation of the accelerator. Noises were sup- pressed by shielding of components of the thyratron switchboard. Transformer of hydrogen generator and metering circuit were placed into the shield. Isolating transformers were installed on transmitting cables as they leave modulator. Cathode ground was insulated from common ground. Voltage and current pulses at modulator output, as well as initiation pulse in accelerator operation mode after elimination of the noise pickups were presented in Fig. 6. The following mode was obtained: voltage U = 200 kV, klystron current I m= 140 mA, frequency F = 200 Hz. Accelerator LU-10 was triggered on thyratrons СХ1525A. Diagram thyratron connection was similar except for trigger unit. Instead of factory installed trig- ger unit we used two on hand trigger units connected via delay circuit, which had been used earlier in modulators when operated with single-grid thyratrons TGI1- 5000/50 and TGI1-2500/50. Diagram of connection of trigger units and pulses at their outputs are presented in Fig. 7. Fig. 6. Voltage pulse (1) at modulator output, current pulse (2) and initiation pulse (3) in operation mode. After elimination of noise pickups Fig. 7. Simplified block diagram of connection of thyra- tron grids on LU-10 and pulses from trigger blocks Amplitude from trigger units (BT1, BT2) had a val- ue specified in thyratron technical requirements (~ 1200 V). Triggering signal was applied to the input of the first trigger block SP1. This signal was applied to the grid 1 from the output of the first trigger block through resistor 27 Ohm and network decoupling transformer. Signal ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №3(91) 78 from the output of lockout monitoring system of the first trigger unit C1 was applied to the input of the sec- ond trigger unit SP2 through the delay line DL. Delay time was 0.5 μs. Signal from the output of the second unit, as well as for the first trigger unit, was applied to the second grid through resistance of 27 Ohm. The pulse from the output of lockout monitoring system entered the lockout system. When one of trigger units failed, then monitoring pulse did not enter locking circuit pre- venting modulator triggering in such away. Fig. 8. Pulses from the output of trigger block: 1 – grid 1; 2 – grid 2 and pulses on grids of thyratron 3 grid 1; 4 – grid 2 The following operation mode was obtained on the accelerator LU-10: voltage U2 = 250 kV, klystron cur- rent I m = 150 mA, frequency = 250 Hz. Trigger unit for two-grid thyratron was performed on basis of trigger unit МА2709A. The functions of trigger unit were enlarged – monitoring of both signals availability was added. Galvanic isolation of output cir- cuits trigger block and grids СХ1525A was provided. Pulses from trigger unit and pulses on thyratron grids were presented in Fig. 8. Modulator based on the new trigger unit was actuat- ed in operation mode of the accelerator КUТ-1. CONCLUSIONS In the course of executed work: Triggering of the modulator based on the thyratron СХ1525A and МА2709А trigger unit was carried out. Switch operation was analyzed, diagram and con- struct of trigger unit were developed, design documenta- tion was worked out and switchboards with trigger unit, cooling system and high-voltage anode divider were manufactured. Switches on basis of thyratron СХ1525А were actu- ated in operation mode of accelerators КUТ-1, EPOS, LU-10. Parameters and technical requirements of the thyratron were studied and thyratron and the trigger unit operability were checked. REFERENCES 1. V.D. Bochkov, Yu.D. Korolev. Pulse gas-discharge switching devices // Encyclopaedia of low tempera- ture plasma» release / V.E. Fortov, Book.4. М.: “Nauka”. 2000, p. 446-459. 2. V.D. Bochkov, Yu.D. Dyagilev, Yu.D. Korolev. Powerful switchboards of current with LP of gas // DTE. 1998, №5, p. 91-95. 3. I.V. Kazarezov, А.А. Коrepanov. Matching of the parameters of Pulse Forming Networks (PFN) and pulse transformers in quantizer circuits for power supply of high-power klystrons // PAST. 1999, №4, p. 44-45. Article received 25.03.2014 КОММУТАТОР НА ОСНОВЕ ТИРАТРОНА CX1525A И.А. Чертищев, М.В. Ивахненко, Д.А. Каплий, Е.А. Хомяков, А.И. Косой, В.Ю. Титов, Ю.Д. Тур, В.А. Цымбал, Е.И. Зайцев, И.Н. Зайцев В модуляторах ННЦ ХФТИ в качестве коммутатора используются тиратроны типа ТГИ1-2500/50, ТГИ1- 2500/35, ТГИ1-5000/50, ресурс которых исчерпан. Для модификации модулятора выбран тиратрон СХ1525А производства фирмы EЕV, по техническим характеристикам удовлетворяющий параметрам: коммутируе- мый ток 2,3 кA; анодное напряжение до 40 кВ; частота посылок до 300 Гц; длительность импульса 5 мкс. Проведена разработка и изготовление тиратронной стойки на основе СХ1525А. Приведены результаты ис- следования работы коммутатора в режиме действующего ускорителя. КОМУТАТОР НА ОСНОВІ ТИРАТРОНА СХ1525А І.О. Чертіщев, М.В. Івахненко, Д.О. Каплій, Е.А. Хомяков, О.І. Косой, В.Ю. Тітов, Ю.Д. Тур, В.А. Цимбал, Е.І. Зайцев, І.М. Зайцев У модуляторах ННЦ ХФТІ в якості комутатора використовуються тиратрони типу ТГІ1-2500/50, ТГІ1- 2500/35, ТГИ1-5000/50, ресурс яких було вичерпано. Для модифікації модулятора було вибрано тиратрон СХ1525А виробництва фірми ЕЕV, який по технічним характеристикам відповідає параметрам: комутуємий струм 2,3 кА; анодна напруга до 40 кВ; частота посилок до 300 Гц, тривалість імпульсу 5 мкс. Проведена розробка та виготовлення тиратронної стойки на основі СХ1525А. Приведено результати дослідження робо- ти комутатора в режимі діючого прискорювача.