Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta
A new design is proposed and described of a combined detector (CD) for simultaneous detection of charged particles and gamma-quanta. The CD comprises a single crystalline plate of ZnSe(Te) placed onto the output window of a scintillating transparent light transducer made of CsI(Tl) and Al₂O₃(Ti) in...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2002
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| Cite this: | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta / V. Ryzhikov, N. Starzhinskiy, K. Katrunov, L. Gal’chinetskiy, V. Chernikov, O. Zelenskaya, E. Krivonosov, L. Litvinov, S. Galkin, E. Loseva // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 3. — С. 130-132. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860254900691140608 |
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| author | Ryzhikov, V. Starzhinskiy, N. Katrunov, K. Gal’chinetskiy, L. Chernikov, V. Zelenskaya, O. Krivonosov, E. Litvinov, L. Galkin, S. Loseva, E. |
| author_facet | Ryzhikov, V. Starzhinskiy, N. Katrunov, K. Gal’chinetskiy, L. Chernikov, V. Zelenskaya, O. Krivonosov, E. Litvinov, L. Galkin, S. Loseva, E. |
| citation_txt | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta / V. Ryzhikov, N. Starzhinskiy, K. Katrunov, L. Gal’chinetskiy, V. Chernikov, O. Zelenskaya, E. Krivonosov, L. Litvinov, S. Galkin, E. Loseva // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 3. — С. 130-132. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | A new design is proposed and described of a combined detector (CD) for simultaneous detection of charged particles and gamma-quanta. The CD comprises a single crystalline plate of ZnSe(Te) placed onto the output window of a scintillating transparent light transducer made of CsI(Tl) and Al₂O₃(Ti) in the shape of truncated pyramid. The CsI(Tl) light transducer is used to create an additional channel for detection of gamma-radiation, as well as for protecting the photodiode from the penetrating radiation. It is shown that introduction of such light transducer does not worsen the energy characteristics of ZnSe(Te). Separate detection of alpha- and gamma-radiation has been achieved under simultaneous excitation by ²³⁹Pu (ZnSe(Te), Ra = 6 %) and ²⁴¹Am (CsI(Tl), Rγ = 20 %). The use of selective optical filters allows separation of the peaks of total absorption (p.t.a.) in the case of their superposition.
Пропонується конструкція комбінованого детектора (КД) для одночасної реєстрації заряджених часток і γ-квантів. КД складається з монокристалічної платівки ZnSe(Te), яка розташована на вхідному вікні сцинтилюючого прозорого світловоду з CsI(Tl) та Al₂O₃(Ti) у вигляді зрізаної піраміди. Світловод з CsI(Tl) використовується для створення додаткового каналу реєстрації γ-випромінення, а також захищає фотодіод від впливу проникаючої радіації. Показано, що використання такого світловоду не погіршує енергетичні характеристики ZnSe(Te). Отримана роздільна реєстрація α-часток та γ-випромінення в умовах одночасного збудження ZnSe(Te) частками ²³⁹Pu (Ra=6 %) и CsI(Tl) частками ²⁴¹Am (Rγ=20 %). Використання селективного оптичного фільтра дозволяє розділяти піки повного поглинання (п.п.п) у випадку їх взаємного накладення.
Предложена и описана конструкция комбинированного детектора (КД) для одновременной регистрации заряженных частиц и γ-квантов. КД состоит из монокристаллической пластинки ZnSe(Te), расположенной на входном окне сцинтиллирующего прозрачного световода из CsI(Tl) и Al₂O₃(Ti) в виде усеченной пирамиды. Световод из CsI(Tl) используется для создания дополнительного канала регистрации γ-излучения, а также защищает фотодиод от воздействия на фотоприемник проникающей радиации. Показано, что использование такого световода не ухудшает энергетические характеристики ZnSe(Te). Получена раздельная регистрация α- и γ-излучения при одновременном возбуждении ²³⁹Pu (ZnSe(Te)) (Ra=6 %) и ²⁴¹Am (CsI(Tl)) (Rγ=20 %). Использование селективного оптического фильтра позволяет разделять пики полного поглощения (п.п.п) в случае их наложения друг на друга.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:48:01Z |
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| fulltext |
УДК 539.1.074.3:539.1.074.5
DETECTORS FOR SELECTIVE REGISTRATION OF CHARGED
PARTICLES AND GAMMA-QUANTA
V.Ryzhikov, N.Starzhinskiy, K.Katrunov, L.Gal’chinetskii, V.Chernikov,
O.Zelenskaya, E.Krivonosov, L.Litvinov, S.Galkin, E.Loseva
STC for Radiation Instruments
Concern “Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy of sciences of Ukraine
Kharkov, Ukraine
e-mail: stcri@isc.kharkov.com
fax: (0572) 321-391, tel:. (0572) 308-393
Пропонується конструкція комбінованого детектора (КД) для одночасної реєстрації заряджених часток і γ-
квантів. КД складається з монокристалічної платівки ZnSe(Te), яка розташована на вхідному вікні
сцинтилюючого прозорого світловоду з CsI(Tl) та Al2O3(Ti) у вигляді зрізаної піраміди. Світловод з CsI(Tl)
використовується для створення додаткового каналу реєстрації γ-випромінення, а також захищає фотодіод від
впливу проникаючої радіації. Показано, що використання такого світловоду не погіршує енергетичні
характеристики ZnSe(Te). Отримана роздільна реєстрація α-часток та γ-випромінення в умовах одночасного
збудження ZnSe(Te) частками 239Pu (Rα=6 %) и CsI(Tl) частками 241Am (Rγ=20 %). Використання селективного
оптичного фільтра дозволяє розділяти піки повного поглинання (п.п.п) у випадку їх взаємного накладення.
Предложена и описана конструкция комбинированного детектора (КД) для одновременной регистрации
заряженных частиц и γ-квантов. КД состоит из монокристаллической пластинки ZnSe(Te), расположенной на
входном окне сцинтиллирующего прозрачного световода из CsI(Tl) и Al2O3(Ti) в виде усеченной пирамиды.
Световод из CsI(Tl) используется для создания дополнительного канала регистрации γ-излучения, а также
защищает фотодиод от воздействия на фотоприемник проникающей радиации. Показано, что использование
такого световода не ухудшает энергетические характеристики ZnSe(Te). Получена раздельная регистрация α-
и γ-излучения при одновременном возбуждении 239Pu (ZnSe(Te)) (Rα=6 %) и 241Am (CsI(Tl)) (Rγ=20 %).
Использование селективного оптического фильтра позволяет разделять пики полного поглощения (п.п.п) в
случае их наложения друг на друга.
A new design is proposed and described of a combined detector (CD) for simultaneous detection of charged
particles and gamma-quanta. The CD comprises a single crystalline plate of ZnSe(Te) placed onto the output
window of a scintillating transparent light transducer made of CsI(Tl) and Al2O3(Ti) in the shape of truncated
pyramid. The CsI(Tl) light transducer is used to create an additional channel for detection of gamma-radiation, as
well as for protecting the photodiode from the penetrating radiation. It is shown that introduction of such light
transducer does not worsen the energy characteristics of ZnSe(Te). Separate detection of alpha- and gamma-
radiation has been achieved under simultaneous excitation by 239Pu (ZnSe(Te), Rα = 6 %) and 241Am (CsI(Tl), R
γ = 20 %). The use of selective optical filters allows separation of the peaks of total absorption (p.t.a.) in the case of
their superposition.
INTRODUCTION
Combined detectors (CD) are combinations of
several scintillators with different sensitivity to charged
particles and gamma-quanta, as well as different pulse
rise and decay times. CD can be used for simultaneous
separate detection of these particles in modern radiation
spectrometers based on silicon photodiodes or PMT. A
possibility was shown in principle [1] to separate signals
from “sandwich” type detectors composed of ZnSe(Te)
and CsI(Tl) using the technique of taking signals from
several outputs of the detection block that differ by the
signal duration. When scintillator combination
ZnSe(Te) and CWO were used with Si-PIN-PD [2],
separate detection was achieved for α-peak of energy
Eα=5.15 MeV (by ZnSe(Te) crystal) and γ-peak of
4.13 MeV energy (by CWO crystal). However, in these
works satisfactory spectrometric resolution of the
detected radiation has not been achieved.
In the present work, the problem was to be solved of
spectrometric separation of signals from charged
particles and gamma-quanta by means of the use of CD,
which comprises a CsI(Tl) scintillator in the shape of a
polyhedral truncated pyramid as light transducer and
detector of gamma-quanta, and a ZnSe(Te) scintillator
ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ, 2002, №3.
Серия: Физика радиационных повреждений и радиационное материаловедение, (81), с.130-132
130
plate as detector of charged particles, located on the
truncated top side of the pyramid. We have also carried
out preliminary studies of CD in which a truncated
pyramid made of ticor was used as light transducer.
The use of ZnSe(Te)-based scintillators is due to
their high spatial resolution Rα,e = 3-6 % both with
alpha-particles of Eα = 5.15 MeV and electrons of
Ee=0.976 MeV [3]. CsI(Tl) crystals have energy
resolution Rγ ~ 6 % at Eγ = 0.662 MeV, peak to valley
ratio for 60Co reaches 15, and they can be used as
gamma-radiation detectors. Scintillators ZnSe(Te) and
CsI(Tl), besides this, are distinguished by their high
light output. For CsI(Tl) single crystals, the light output
can be as high as 5.5.104 photons/MeV; for ZnSe(Te),
depending on preparation technology of either “fast” or
“slow” scintillators, this value can vary from 4.0.104 to
7.8.104 photons/MeV [4]. The α/β ratio is 1.0 for
ZnSe(Te) and 0.4-0.6 for CsI(Tl).
RESULTS
The combined detector tested was a truncated
pyramid of CsI(Tl), with 40 mm height and area of the
input and output windows 5×5 mm2 and 15×15 mm2,
respectively. Upon the output surface of the crystal, a
ZnSe(Te) plate of 5×5×0.8 mm3 was placed. “Fast”
ZnSe(Te) crystals were used, with decay time constant
of 3-10 μs. Such crystals are characterized, as compared
with “slow” ZnSe(Te) crystals, by improved energy
resolution Rα when irradiated with α-particles. The size
and shape of the truncated pyramid were chosen
accounting for Monte Carlo calculations carried out to
determine conditions of the optimum light collection
from the output crystal surface. It has been shown [5]
that light transducers of the shape of tetrahedral pyramid
yield the light almost two times better than
parallelepiped-shaped ones. Increase in number of the
pyramid sides does not contribute substantially to the
light collection coefficient.
Measurements of spectrometric characteristics were
carried out both with photodiodes and PMT. For
measurements with photodiode, we used a Hamamatsu
Si-PIN-PD of S-3590 type in combination with a
charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) and a standard
amplifier-shaper of 1101 type. Spectrometric studies
were carried out using a multi-channel analyzer based
on a Notebook Pentium PC and an analog-to-
digitconverter (ADC) with original software [1]. In
measurements with PMT, we used a R1307 type PMT
with 3 in photocatode diameter. The light output and
amplitude resolution were determined using a standard
spectrometric circuit, comprising a BUS2-94
preliminary amplifier and a multichannel pulse
amplitude analyzer of AMA-03-F type.
The main parameter characterizing the possibilities
of a specified CD for separate detection of gamma-
quanta and charged particles is the value of its α/γ ratio
γ
γ
α
α
γαδ
E
V
V
E
/ ⋅= ,
where Eα and Eγ are energies of alpha-particles and
gamma-quanta, respectively; Vα is the pulse amplitude
under alpha-excitation by ZnSe(Te) plate, Vγ is the pulse
amplitude under excitation by CsI(Tl) truncated
pyramid.
This value was determined by the line set in the
radiation spectrum of 226Ra γ-quanta and α-particles. For
the CD under study, α/γ value was 0.15-0.25, depending
upon the light output of both scintillators and the time
constant of the integrating chain. In addition, the α/γ
value could be varied by placing a selective optical filter
between the PMT photocathode or PD and the CD
output window, which allowed non-proportional
changes in light output from different scintillators.The
use of truncated pyramid-shaped scintillators as light
transducers does not worsen the energy characteristics
of ZnSe(Te) scintillators. The Rα value for the plate
placed directly onto the PD or onto the truncated top of
the CsI(Tl) pyramid is not changed and is ~ 6 %. A
similar situation was also observed for detection using
PMT.
Fig.1 shows the pulse amplitude spectrum of the
studied CD under simultaneous irradiation by 239Pu α-
particles (ZnSe(Te)) and 241Am γ-quanta (CsI(Tl)) ,
measured using PMT. Resolution is observed of
spectrometric peaks of total absorption (p.t.a.) due to γ-
quanta (Rγ = 20 %) and α-particles (Rα = 6 %).
Fig.1. Spectrum 239Pu α-partiecles and 241Am γ-
quanta, obtained using CD with R1307 PMT
Under irradiation by 137Cs γ-quanta of energy Eγ
=0.662 MeV and 239Pu α-particles the total absorption
peaks are superimposed (Fig.2a). Their separation
became possible with the help of a selective optical
attenuator that non-proportionally decreases the light
output values of CsI(Tl) and ZnSe(Te). Fig.3 shows
luminescence spectra of scintillators CsI(Tl) (curve 1),
ZnSe(Te) (curve 2) and the spectrum obtained with the
selective filter (curve 3). As a result of the use of such
optical filter, signals from detected α-particles and γ-
quanta are separated (Fig.2b).
Fig.4 shows the pulse amplitude spectrum from the
deposited 241Am sample obtained using CD. As it can be
seen, γ-quanta and α-particles from such a source are
resolved satisfactorily.
As another material for CD light transducer, we also
used ticor (α-Al2O3:Ti3+) crystals. Ticor single crystals
have luminescence spectrum (λmax = 790 nm) at longer
wavelengths as compared with CsI(Tl) and ZnSe(Te),
decay times τ = 3.0 – 5.0 µs, and low effective atomic
131
number Zeff = 12. In addition, this scintillator has the
highest thermal and chemical stability among those used
by us, and the use of this scintillator is promising for
works in liquid fuel-containing media.
Fig.2. Spectrum of 239Pu α-partiecles and 137Cs γ-
quanta without (a) and with (b) the selective optical
filter
Fig.3. Luminescence spectra of scintillators CsI(Tl)
(1) and ZnSe(Te) (2), and transmission spectrum of the
filter used (3)
Fig.4. Spectrum 241Am α-partiecles and γ-quanta,
obtained using CD with R1307 PMT
Preliminary studies of CD that comprised a ticor
scintillator as light transducer in the shape of truncated
pyramid and a plate of ZnSe(Te) have shown that
separate detection with such CD is possible only for
alpha-particles (ZnSe(Te)) and electrons (ticor).
Detection of gamma-quanta using ticor is not efficient
due to its low Zeff. More careful studies of such CD for
separate detection of α-particles and electrons is
planned for the future. Besides this, ticor crystals can be
used as protection shields- light transducers for solid-
state photoreceiving devices.
The proposed CD design can be used for
construction of a multi-detector system in the form of
“Crystal-Ball” for 4π-geometry detection of α- and γ-
radiation of “hot” particles. The measurement results
have shown that the number of sides of the truncated
pyramid does not affect the Rα value, which opens broad
possibilities of using penta- and hexagonal pyramids for
the “Crystal-Ball” construction [6]. Varying the
scintillator material in the CD design, it is possible to
separately detect nearly all types of ionizing radiation,
including light and heavy charged particles, gamma-
quanta and neutrons.
CONCLUSIONS
As a result of the work performed, a possibility has
been shown for creation of a new type of combined
detectors, which ensure separate simultaneous detection
of alpha- and gamma-radiation and do not require the
use of complicated electronic circuits for separation of
signals from light and heavy particles.
REFERENCES
1. V.Ryshikov, L.Gal’chinetskii, S.Galkin et.al.
//IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 2000, v.47,
1979.
2. V.Ryshikov, L.Nagornaya, V.Volkov et.al.
//Proceeding of the International Conference on
Inorganic Scintillators and this Applications
(SCINT97). 1997, p.157.
3. V.Ryshikov, L.Gal’chinetskii, V.Chernikov et.al.
//Journal of Crystal Growth. 1999, v.199, p.655.
4. Ryzhikov V.D, Katrunov K.A., Starzhinskiy N.G.,
Gal’chinetskii L.P. //Functional materials, 2002, v.9,
p.135.
5. Gavriluk V.P., Volkov V.G., Gal’chinetskiy et al.
//PTE (in Russia), 1999, v.6, p.234.
6. P.Oblozinsky, R.S. Simon //Nucl. Instr. and Meth.
1984, v.223, p. 52.
132
Kharkov, Ukraine
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80097 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:48:01Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Ryzhikov, V. Starzhinskiy, N. Katrunov, K. Gal’chinetskiy, L. Chernikov, V. Zelenskaya, O. Krivonosov, E. Litvinov, L. Galkin, S. Loseva, E. 2015-04-11T17:35:04Z 2015-04-11T17:35:04Z 2002 Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta / V. Ryzhikov, N. Starzhinskiy, K. Katrunov, L. Gal’chinetskiy, V. Chernikov, O. Zelenskaya, E. Krivonosov, L. Litvinov, S. Galkin, E. Loseva // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 3. — С. 130-132. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80097 539.1.074.3:539.1.074.5 A new design is proposed and described of a combined detector (CD) for simultaneous detection of charged particles and gamma-quanta. The CD comprises a single crystalline plate of ZnSe(Te) placed onto the output window of a scintillating transparent light transducer made of CsI(Tl) and Al₂O₃(Ti) in the shape of truncated pyramid. The CsI(Tl) light transducer is used to create an additional channel for detection of gamma-radiation, as well as for protecting the photodiode from the penetrating radiation. It is shown that introduction of such light transducer does not worsen the energy characteristics of ZnSe(Te). Separate detection of alpha- and gamma-radiation has been achieved under simultaneous excitation by ²³⁹Pu (ZnSe(Te), Ra = 6 %) and ²⁴¹Am (CsI(Tl), Rγ = 20 %). The use of selective optical filters allows separation of the peaks of total absorption (p.t.a.) in the case of their superposition. Пропонується конструкція комбінованого детектора (КД) для одночасної реєстрації заряджених часток і γ-квантів. КД складається з монокристалічної платівки ZnSe(Te), яка розташована на вхідному вікні сцинтилюючого прозорого світловоду з CsI(Tl) та Al₂O₃(Ti) у вигляді зрізаної піраміди. Світловод з CsI(Tl) використовується для створення додаткового каналу реєстрації γ-випромінення, а також захищає фотодіод від впливу проникаючої радіації. Показано, що використання такого світловоду не погіршує енергетичні характеристики ZnSe(Te). Отримана роздільна реєстрація α-часток та γ-випромінення в умовах одночасного збудження ZnSe(Te) частками ²³⁹Pu (Ra=6 %) и CsI(Tl) частками ²⁴¹Am (Rγ=20 %). Використання селективного оптичного фільтра дозволяє розділяти піки повного поглинання (п.п.п) у випадку їх взаємного накладення. Предложена и описана конструкция комбинированного детектора (КД) для одновременной регистрации заряженных частиц и γ-квантов. КД состоит из монокристаллической пластинки ZnSe(Te), расположенной на входном окне сцинтиллирующего прозрачного световода из CsI(Tl) и Al₂O₃(Ti) в виде усеченной пирамиды. Световод из CsI(Tl) используется для создания дополнительного канала регистрации γ-излучения, а также защищает фотодиод от воздействия на фотоприемник проникающей радиации. Показано, что использование такого световода не ухудшает энергетические характеристики ZnSe(Te). Получена раздельная регистрация α- и γ-излучения при одновременном возбуждении ²³⁹Pu (ZnSe(Te)) (Ra=6 %) и ²⁴¹Am (CsI(Tl)) (Rγ=20 %). Использование селективного оптического фильтра позволяет разделять пики полного поглощения (п.п.п) в случае их наложения друг на друга. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Облучательная техника, диагностика и методы исследований Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta Ryzhikov, V. Starzhinskiy, N. Katrunov, K. Gal’chinetskiy, L. Chernikov, V. Zelenskaya, O. Krivonosov, E. Litvinov, L. Galkin, S. Loseva, E. Облучательная техника, диагностика и методы исследований |
| title | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta |
| title_full | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta |
| title_fullStr | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta |
| title_short | Detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta |
| title_sort | detectors for selective registration of charged particles and gamma-quanta |
| topic | Облучательная техника, диагностика и методы исследований |
| topic_facet | Облучательная техника, диагностика и методы исследований |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80097 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ryzhikovv detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT starzhinskiyn detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT katrunovk detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT galchinetskiyl detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT chernikovv detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT zelenskayao detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT krivonosove detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT litvinovl detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT galkins detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta AT losevae detectorsforselectiveregistrationofchargedparticlesandgammaquanta |