Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings
The main problem of the designing of intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser-electron storage ring is associated with large steady-state electron beam energy spread. In paper the principles of the development of compact storage ring lattice with large RF-acceptance and negligible...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2002
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| Zitieren: | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings / P.I. Gladkikh, I.M. Karnaukhov, A.Yu. Zelinsky // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 2. — С. 72-74. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859801387949359104 |
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| author | Gladkikh, P.I. Karnaukhov, I.M. Zelinsky, A.Yu. |
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| citation_txt | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings / P.I. Gladkikh, I.M. Karnaukhov, A.Yu. Zelinsky // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 2. — С. 72-74. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The main problem of the designing of intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser-electron storage ring is associated with large steady-state electron beam energy spread. In paper the principles of the development of compact storage ring lattice with large RF-acceptance and negligible chromatic effects at interaction point are considered. The storage ring with electron beam energy over the range 100-400 MeV that allows generating intense VUV from bending magnets, X-ray up to 280 keV with rate up to 10¹⁴ photons /s and γ-beam up to 2.8 MeV for neutron generation on beryllium target is proposed.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:13:22Z |
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T H E O R Y A N D T E C H N I C S O F P A R T I C L E A C C E L E R A T I O N
INTENSE X-RAY SOURCES BASED ON COMPTON SCATTERING IN
LASER ELECTRON STORAGE RINGS
P.I. Gladkikh, I.M. Karnaukhov, A.Yu. Zelinsky
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine
e-mail: gladkikh@kipt.kharkov.ua
The main problem of the designing of intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser-electron
storage ring is associated with large steady-state electron beam energy spread. In paper the principles of the
development of compact storage ring lattice with large RF-acceptance and negligible chromatic effects at interaction
point are considered. The storage ring with electron beam energy over the range 100-400 MeV that allows
generating intense VUV from bending magnets, X-ray up to 280 keV with rate up to 1014 photons /s and γ-beam up
to 2.8 MeV for neutron generation on beryllium target is proposed.
PACS: 29.20.Dh, 29.27.Bd
1. INTRODUCTION
It seems that the X-rays generators based on
Compton scattering of intensive laser light on the
relativistic electron beam stored in the low energy
storage ring (laser-electron storage ring) offer the
cheapest radiation in the energy range from several keV
to several hundred keV, and they can become a
powerful tool for fundamental studies and new
technologies.
The main problem in the LESR development ensues
from the large energy spread of the stored electron
beam. The steady-state energy spread that takes into
account both synchrotron and Compton radiation is
given by:
21
22
+
= SR
SR
tot
CS
CS
tot
tot δ
τ
τ
δ
τ
τ
δ , (1)
where τtot=1/(τCS
-1+τSR
-1) is the total damping time; τCS≈
E0Trev/∆ECS, τSR≈E0Trev/∆ESR are the partial damping
times, associated, with Compton and synchrotron
radiation (SR) accordingly, Е0, ∆ECS, ∆ESR are the
electron beam energy, mean energy losses per turn via
Compton and synchrotron radiation, respectively;
γ
λ
λ
δ
L
C
CS 10
7= is the energy spread due to
Compton scattering [1]; δSR is the energy spread
associated with SR, Trev is the rotation period; λC, λL are
the electron Compton wavelength and laser photon
wavelength; γ is the relativistic factor.
The estimates and simulation studies presented at this
conference [2] show that the steady-state beam energy
spread in the LESR for high intensities of the laser beam
can reach up to several percents. To ensure the stable
beam motion in the ring one has to solve two essential
problems. Firstly, one has to ensure the ring energy
acceptance of 5–10 % in order to provide the reasonable
beam quantum lifetime. One needs the RF-voltage of
several MV to meet this requirement. In a compact
storage ring there is no place to accommodate a large
number of RF-cavities. Secondly, both longitudinal and
transverse beam dynamics for the large energy spread is
stipulated not only by the first order effects on
momentum deviation, but higher order effects too. The
aberrations hinder to focus the electron beam at
interaction point (IP) properly. Hence, it decreases the
intensity of the scattered photon beam. Besides, the
chromatic effects can result in beam diffusion on
synchrobetatron resonances for high RF-voltages (for
high synchrotron oscillation frequency).
2. THE LESR LATTICES
Taking these considerations into account we
proposed the compact storage ring lattice for the
intensive X-ray source LESR-N100 [3]. This versatile
lattice allows us to vary the momentum compaction
factor α for different operation modes. Its layout is
shown in Fig. 1.
In the normal operation mode (N) the long straight
sections B1-B2 and B3-B4 are dispersion-free. In the
low α operation mode (LA) the dispersion function is
negative along the part of beam trajectory in the dipoles
B3 and B4, and the straight section B3-B4 acquires the
non-zero dispersion while the straight section with IP is
still achromatic in the first order. The momentum
compaction factor in LA mode decreases of about factor
4 against that one in the N mode. It allows to ensure the
energy acceptance of about 5 % for the electron beam
energy E0 = 225 MeV with the accelerating voltage
V0 = 0.5 MV. The required voltage can be provided by
the single-cell 500 MHz cavity.
Aside from providing the required energy
acceptance, the LA mode gives also the approach to
solving the second problem–to ensure the independence
of the electron trajectory parameters on the particle
energy at the IP. To correct the chromatic effects 12
sextupole lenses are placed along the orbit in the points
with non-zero values of the dispersion function. The
72 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2002, № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (40), p. 72-74.
lattice has been designed so that to provide the required
phase advances of betatron oscillations between
sextupoles and to compensate the second order
dispersion and the dependence of radial and vertical
amplitude functions on the particle energy at the IP. The
location of the sextupole lenses along the ring is shown
in Fig. 2. The next figure presents the phase-space
trajectories of a particle at the IP for the N and LA
operation modes. Particle tracking was simulated with
MAD code. It is seen from Fig. 3 that in the LA mode
the synchrotron oscillations do not practically affect the
radial motion. In the N mode the effective beam size is
stipulated by the chromatic effects, and it much exceeds
the beam size in LA mode. Moreover, the simulations
show that the beam with the high energy spread can be
lost in the N mode.
5.84 m
Fig. 1. The layout of the storage ring LESR-
N100M. B1-B4 are the dipole magnets; RF is the RF-
cavity; QL, SL are quadrupole and sextupole lenses; IP
is the interaction point; M1, M2 are the mirrors of the
optical cavity
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
IP
B1
Sy QD
Sx
QF
s, m
η
1
, m
1.0
0.5
0
B2 B3 B4
Fig. 2. The dispersion function and the distribution
of sextupoles for the correction of the chromatic effects.
Sx, Sy are sextupoles, B1-B4 are bending magnets, QF
and QD are quadrupoles
One can not use the MAD code to simulate the beam
dynamics in the ring taking into account the laser-
electron beam interactions by two reasons. Firstly, the
MAD code does not incorporate the proper algorithm,
and, secondly, the calculation runtime is too long. So, we
developed the proper algorithms and codes [2]. The
developed code allows us to simulate the electron beam
motion in the LESR through the period of time that
exceeds the real damping times (millions of turns).
The results of simulation which was carried out for
the LESR-N100M show that we can use a Nd:YAG
laser for only high electron beam energies, when the SR
losses become substantial. For low energies one can not
obtain the X-ray beams of high intensity with the
Nd:YAG laser. One has to use the laser with a higher
wavelength or to look for the other ways to decrease the
beam energy spread. One of the possible ways to
decrease the electron beam energy spread is described
below.
It seems very promising to use the LESR for
producing the intensive neutron beams from beryllium
target by using the reaction Be9+γ → n+2α with the
negligible residual activity of the target. For beryllium
Q - value is equal Qn = - 1.66 MeV. If the maximum
energy of scattered photons εγmax << E0 it can be
obtained from the following relation:
εγmax ≈ 4 γ 2 εlas cos 2 (θ /2),
where εlas is the laser photon energy; θ is the angle
between colliding electron and photon beams.
px/ p 0 * 10 -3
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0 2 4 x, mm-2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
px / p0* 10- 5
0
1
2
3
-1
-2
-3
0 0.05 x, mm-0.05-0.1
Fig. 3. The phase-space trajectories of the particle
at the azimuth of the IP in N and LA modes. Initial
coordinates of the particle are: x=100 µ; x=0;
y=100 µ; y=0; δ=1%
In our estimates we assume εγmax is 2 MeV. To
obtain εγ = 2 MeV for θ = 0 and Nd:YAG laser one
needs to use the electron beam with the energy
E0 = 335 MeV. But one has to bear in mind that the
realization of the beam collision at θ = 0 is a
complicated task because of difficulties with the
extraction of the produced γ-beam and with the
73
protection of the optical cavity mirrors from the hard
radiation. Besides, it is impossible to obtain the small
laser beam spot at the IP for large distance between the
mirrors. For the collision angle θ = 90 the required
electron energy E0 is 475 MeV and for θ = 60
E0 = 390 MeV. We consider using the Compton
scattering at small collision angles in order to achieve a
high intensity of the scattered photons. In order to
decrease the steady-state energy spread we propose to
increase the synchrotron damping rates by using the
second laser with the larger wavelength (for example,
the CO2 laser). The steady-state beam energy spread in
this ring can be estimated by using the expression:
222
2
2
Nd
tot
Nd
CO
tot
CO
SR
tot
SR
tot E
E
E
E
E
E δδδδ
∆
∆+
∆
∆
+
∆
∆≈ (2)
where ∆ESR, ∆ECO2, ∆ENd are mean energy losses per turn
due to SR and Compton scattering of the photons of the
CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers, accordingly; ∆Etot are the total
energy losses, δSR, δCO2, δNd are partial energy spreads
due to the correspondent energy losses. The layout of
the proposed storage ring with maximum electron beam
energy up to 400 MeV is presented in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. The layout of the storage ring
with two laser beams
The straight sections with interaction points are
achromatic in the first and the second order on
momentum deviation, and in the long straight sections
B2-B3 and B6-B7 the dispersion function has non-zero
value. One can vary the momentum compaction factor
in this lattice. The sextupole lenses placed in the long
straight sections ensure achromaticity of both IP.
The energy spread in such ring versus electron beam
energy is shown in Fig. 5.
The estimates are obtained for the following
parameters of the electron and photon beams:
• stored beam current Istor=500 mA (number of
electrons ne = 1.5*1011);
• bending radius ρ = 1 m;
• intensity of the scattered photons of the
Nd:YAG laser nγ = 1014 photons /s;
• intensity of the scattered photons of the CO2
laser nγ = 1015 photons /s (∆ECO2 = ∆ENd).
We estimated the intensity of neutron beam by
integration of the γ – quanta spectrum, obtained in the
simulation studies. The evaluation shows that for εγ
max = 2 MeV and nγ = 1014 photons /s we can obtain more
than 1011 n /s.
The proposed LESR facility with electron beam
energies ranging from 100 MeV to 400 MeV allows
producing the beams of electromagnetic radiation with
the following parameters:
• the beams of VUV radiation from the bending
magnets;
• X-rays with the energies in the range of 18–
280 keV with intensities up to 1015 photons /s
obtained through the Compton scattering of
photons from the СО2 laser;
• X-rays in the range of 180–2800 keV with
intensities up to 1014 photons /s obtained
through the Compton scattering of photons
from Nd:YAG laser;
• the neutron beam with intensity up to 1011 n /s.
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10 δ tot , %
E, MeV
Fig. 5. The total energy spread versus electron
energy. The solid line – CO2&Nd:YAG lasers,
symbols –Nd:YAG laser only
3. CONCLUSION
The proposed low-α schemes of the LESR with
compensation of chromatic aberrations at the interaction
point enable to develop the sources of intensive X-ray
beams based on compact storage rings.
REFERENCES
1. Z. Huang. Radiative cooling of relativistic
electron beams. SLAC-R-527, 1998, 141 p.
2. P. Gladkikh, I. Karnaukhov, Yu. Telegin,
A. Zelinsky, A. Shcherbakov. Beam dynamic
simulation in the storage ring N-100 with electron
photon intetraction. Proceedings of EPAC-2000,
2000, v. 2, p. 1199-1201.
3. P. Gladkikh, I. Karnaukhov, S. Kononenko et
al. Lattice design for the compact X-ray source
based on Compton scattering. Proceedings of
EPAC-2000, 2000, v. 1, p. 696-698.
74
PACS: 29.20.Dh, 29.27.Bd
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80120 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:13:22Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Gladkikh, P.I. Karnaukhov, I.M. Zelinsky, A.Yu. 2015-04-12T06:33:36Z 2015-04-12T06:33:36Z 2002 Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings / P.I. Gladkikh, I.M. Karnaukhov, A.Yu. Zelinsky // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 2. — С. 72-74. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.20.Dh, 29.27.Bd https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80120 The main problem of the designing of intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser-electron storage ring is associated with large steady-state electron beam energy spread. In paper the principles of the development of compact storage ring lattice with large RF-acceptance and negligible chromatic effects at interaction point are considered. The storage ring with electron beam energy over the range 100-400 MeV that allows generating intense VUV from bending magnets, X-ray up to 280 keV with rate up to 10¹⁴ photons /s and γ-beam up to 2.8 MeV for neutron generation on beryllium target is proposed. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Theory and technics of particle acceleration Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings Интенсивные источники рентгеновского излучения на основе комптоновского рассеяния в лазер-электронных накопительных кольцах Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings Gladkikh, P.I. Karnaukhov, I.M. Zelinsky, A.Yu. Theory and technics of particle acceleration |
| title | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings |
| title_alt | Интенсивные источники рентгеновского излучения на основе комптоновского рассеяния в лазер-электронных накопительных кольцах |
| title_full | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings |
| title_fullStr | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings |
| title_short | Intense X-ray sources based on Compton scattering in laser electron storage rings |
| title_sort | intense x-ray sources based on compton scattering in laser electron storage rings |
| topic | Theory and technics of particle acceleration |
| topic_facet | Theory and technics of particle acceleration |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80120 |
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