Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design
Optimization approach to the beam dynamics optimization in RFQ accelerators is considered. A statement of the optimization problem and its solving methods are described. As an example, an optimization of 47.2 MHz RFQ for the acceleration of heavy ions (A/Z=20) is discussed. From the start version...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
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| Zitieren: | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design / A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, V.V. Altsybeyev, A.P. Durkin, V.G. Papkovich // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 116-119. — Бібліогр.: 42 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Ovsyannikov, A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Altsybeyev, V.V. Durkin, A.P. Papkovich, V.G. |
| author_facet | Ovsyannikov, A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Altsybeyev, V.V. Durkin, A.P. Papkovich, V.G. |
| citation_txt | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design / A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, V.V. Altsybeyev, A.P. Durkin, V.G. Papkovich // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 116-119. — Бібліогр.: 42 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Optimization approach to the beam dynamics optimization in RFQ accelerators is considered. A statement of the
optimization problem and its solving methods are described. As an example, an optimization of 47.2 MHz RFQ for
the acceleration of heavy ions (A/Z=20) is discussed. From the start version up to the final one the BDO-RFQ and
the LIDOS RFQ associated codes are used.
Рассматривается оптимизационный подход к расчету параметров канала ПОКФ. Описываются постановка оптимизационной задачи и методика ее решения. Приводятся результаты реализации этой методики на примере оптимизации ускорителя RFQ тяжелых ионов (A/Z=20) на частоте 47,2 МГц. От первоначальной до финальной версии проекта ускорителя используются программные комплексы BDO-RFQ и LIDOS RFQ.
Розглядається оптимізаційний підхід до розрахунку параметрів каналу ПОКФ. Описується постановка оптимізаційної задачі і методика її рішення. Приводяться результати реалізації цієї методики на прикладі оптимізації прискорювача RFQ важких іонів (A/Z=20) на частоті 47,2 МГц. Від первісної до фінальної версії проекту прискорювача використовуються програмні комплекси BDO-RFQ і LІDOS RFQ.
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| first_indexed | 2025-11-30T16:52:02Z |
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| fulltext |
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №3(91) 116
B E A M D Y N A M I C S
APPLICATION OF OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR RFQ DESIGN
A.D. Ovsyannikov1, D.A. Ovsyannikov1, V.V. Altsybeyev1, A.P. Durkin2, V.G. Papkovich3
1Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
2Moskow Radiotechnical Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Moskow, Russia;
3National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: dovs45@mail.ru
Optimization approach to the beam dynamics optimization in RFQ accelerators is considered. A statement of the
optimization problem and its solving methods are described. As an example, an optimization of 47.2 MHz RFQ for
the acceleration of heavy ions (A/Z=20) is discussed. From the start version up to the final one the BDO-RFQ and
the LIDOS RFQ associated codes are used.
PACS: 29.27.-а
INTRODUCTION
RFQ accelerator is used as the initial part of large lin-
acs for industrial and medical purposes. There are many
methods and codes to design a RFQ channel. Below we
show how mathematical optimization methods can be
used in the practical design of a RFQ accelerator [1 - 11].
Accelerating and focusing processes in RFQ accel-
erators are controlled by the smooth changing of the
four parameters: vane modulation, intervane voltage,
synchronous phase and aperture. These parameters de-
fine the length of the modulation period. According to
the experience of RFQ designs, the total channel can be
divided by three conventional parts: a gentle buncher for
bunching and the small beam acceleration in a weak ac-
celerating field when the synchronous phase is near −
900, a forming section when the synchronous phase and
the vane modulation are increased to their nominal values
and a last part which is the accelerating one [5 - 8, 12].
As a rule designer chooses the lengths and plots of
the parameters manually: change parameters − view re-
sults, change parameters depending on the previous re-
sults − view the results again and so on. The duration of
this process mainly depends on its initial version − how
far is the start version from the final result.
At the same time today we have a well-developed
mathematical theory of the multiparameter optimization
which can be applied to beam dynamics and plasma
problems and formally give us a possibility to optimize
any accelerating or focusing channel [13 - 26].
Mathematical optimization consists of the criteria
choice, the control parameters and the directional
movement from the previous version to a better one.
The goal of this movement is to achieve a minimum de-
viation from the accepted optimization criteria. The
minimum channel length when the transmission is no less
than some accepted value can be a possible optimization
criteria for the RFQ channel. It is usual to consider the
parameters of each cell (vane modulation, intervane volt-
age, synchronous phase and aperture) as the control ones.
Theoretically we can find optimal plots of the cell param-
eters, using methods of mathematical optimization.
Nevertheless the theoretically possible result cannot
be achieved in practice. To solve the above “trivial”
statement of the optimization problem we need to vary
thousands of control parameters. But the time required
for the calculation of a single set of parameters can be
rather significant. Taking into consideration that, as a
rule, the number of calculated scenarios is times larger
than the number of the control parameters and it is nec-
essary to avoid local minimums, we can conclude that
optimization in such statement is impossible in practice.
So it is necessary for the practical optimization to
develop acceptable simplified mathematical models of
the beam dynamics and to create directional optimiza-
tion methods based on the analytical approaches.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
References [27 - 29] concern the basis of the simpli-
fied modeling of beam accelerating and focusing in a
RFQ channel. In spite of simplifications, this model de-
scribes the dynamics of a real beam quite accurately. In
brief it is focused on solving of the phase motion equa-
tion (1), which is based on a traveling wave approxima-
tion, together with the equation of the synchronous par-
ticle motion (2) and constraints on tension of an accel-
erating field and beam parameters (3), (4).
0 0
20 0
2
2
0 0
2 cos cos
(cos ) ( cos )
(cos cos( )) 0;
n n
s s
n n
s s
n c
s s
W W
W W
W W
W W
W Uek
W W
ψ η φψ φ η
ω ω
η φ η φ ψ
ω ω
η φ ψ φ
ψ
Ω Ω′′ ′ ′+ + +
Ω Ω ′+ − −
∂
− − + − =
∂Ω
(1)
'
02 cos ;s
n
W
W
η φ
ω
Ω
=
(2)
2
02 sin ;n
def s
W
A A
W
η φ
ω
Ω = ≤
(3)
.0
2
≤
∆
ζ
ϕ
d
d
(4)
Here nW and W are the initial and the current
beam energy, λπω /2= is the RF-field frequency,
Lk /2π= , L is the acceleration period length,
2
max2
0
)(2
λ
π
nW
UTe
=Ω , U is the intervane voltage, T is
the acceleration efficiency, depending on the vane mod-
ulation and the ratio of the aperture to the acceleration
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №3(91) 117
period length;
max)(UT
UT
=η ; the maximum value
max)(UT is the initial data. The last term in the phase
motion equation corresponds to a space charge field.
Constraint (3) concerns the defocusing parameter,
usually 0.02 0.01 ≤≤ A . Constraint (4) concerns with the
monotonic decrease of the phase length rms value ϕ∆ .
It is necessary for space charge dominated beam accel-
eration.
So we need to find plots )(ζη and )(ζϕs to pro-
vide bunching and acceleration of a beam. To solve this
problem we need to introduce some functional [12, 13,
27, 30, 31], describing the capture of an accelerated par-
ticles and other needed beam parameters at the output of
the channel. Constraints (3), (4) are included also.
After that we solve the problem of a beam focusing
optimization.
OPTIMIZATION AND DESIGN
TECHNIQUES FOR RFQ CHANNEL
Optimization of the longitudinal motion of particles
was carried out using the BDO-RFQ code developed at
the Saint-Petersburg State University [32]. As a result of
the optimization the functions )(ζη and )(ζϕs have
been identified, providing desired characteristics of the
output beam. Since there are external force oscillations
with frequency ω it is enough to fix several points on
the graph to set these functions, the rest values in the in-
termediate points can be obtained by interpolation (line-
ar in the simplest case). Practice shows that it is suffi-
cient to use 20 points or less.
Thus, the optimization of the longitudinal motion re-
duces to finding the values of functions )(ζη and )(ζϕs
in a number of selected points in order to solve the
equations (1) and (2) with the restrictions (3) and (4) to
get an option that satisfies your criteria. It should be
noted that the choice of the direction of minimization is
based on an analytic representation of the gradient of
the investigated functional and does not depend on the
number of points of the approximating the functions
)(ζη and )(ζϕs .
After optimization of the phase motion, given the
specified intensity values 0/E U R= and focusing pa-
rameter 2
0~ /Q U R , the average aperture radius 0R and
the intervane voltage can be determined, then the effi-
ciency T is determined, which unambiguously corre-
sponds to the modulation of the electrodes m . The cor-
respondence between the variable ζ and the cell num-
ber n is set by 2 /n ζ κ= where 0 /κ ω= Ω . Thus all the
necessary dependencies are defined )(nU , ( ),m n
0 ( )R n and )(nsϕ for the initial approximation.
The proposed technique is implemented in the soft-
ware package BDO-RFQ code [32]. The initial data ar-
ray [ )(nU , )(nm , 0 ( )R n , )(nsϕ ], obtained on the basis
of the found optimized laws )(ζη and )(ζϕs then used
to convert them into the format of the initial data of the
LIDOS RFQ Designer code [33, 34]. The latter is used
for the final correction and selection of the channel pa-
rameters, taking into account the real shape of the elec-
trodes, their possible sectioning for mechanical pro-
cessing and electrodynamics settings, etc.
The problem of the shape optimization of the radial
matching section for RFQ channel can be considered
separately. The optimization criterion in the BDO-RFQ
code is the specified initial beam divergence [35 - 37].
SIMULATIONS RESULTS
Below we represent the results of the beam dynam-
ics simulations and main parameters of the heavy ions
(A/Z=20) linac.
The initial beam and the RFQ channel parameters
are presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Initial RFQ parameters
Input ion energy, MeV 0.12
Output ion energy, MeV 2.0
Operating frequency, MHz 47.2
Kilpatrick factor E/Ekilp 2.0
Charge number Z=q/qproton 1
Mass number A=m/mproton 20
Beam current, mA 10
Emittance, cm·mrad 0.03π
Control functions )(ζη and )(ζϕs , obtained by the
BDO-RFQ code are shown in Figs. 1, 2.
Fig. 1. )(ζη control function
Fig. 2. )(ζϕ s control function
To estimate the beam parameters, simulations with
the LIDOS RFQ Designer code were carried out.
Simulation results are presented in Figs. 3-5 for the real
electrodes shapes and in Table 2 for the real and the
ideal electrodes shapes. The optimal matcher profile is
presented in Fig. 6.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2014. №3(91) 118
Table 2
Simulation results
Beam parameters Real Ideal
Transmission 1.0 1.0
X emittance growth 1.1 1.0
Y emittance growth 1.0 1.0
Accelerator length, m 2.974
Fig. 3. Output transversal emittance
Fig. 4. Output transversal emittance
Fig. 5. Output longitudinal emittance
Fig. 6. RFQ matcher profile
CONCLUSIONS
Developed optimization approach to a RFQ channel
design leads to good results for the beam transmission
and output beam parameters. It requires small correction
to obtain optimal parameters taking into account the real
shape of the vanes, possible vanes sectioning and the re-
al space charge distribution. Also this optimization ap-
proach has high efficiency of the parameters calculation
for other channels, for example for an APF accelerator
[38 - 41]. Suggested analytical representation of the func-
tional variation can be used for tolerance calculation in
various accelerating and focusing systems [13, 42].
This work was partly supported by St. Petersburg
State University, project number 9.38.673.2013.
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Article received 04.04.2014
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОПТИМИЗАЦИОННЫХ ПОДХОДОВ К РАЗРАБОТКЕ УСКОРИТЕЛЕЙ С ПОКФ
А.Д. Овсянников, Д.А. Овсянников, В.В. Алцыбеев, А.П. Дуркин, В.Г. Папкович
Рассматривается оптимизационный подход к расчету параметров канала ПОКФ. Описываются постановка оптими-
зационной задачи и методика ее решения. Приводятся результаты реализации этой методики на примере оптимизации
ускорителя RFQ тяжелых ионов (A/Z=20) на частоте 47,2 МГц. От первоначальной до финальной версии проекта уско-
рителя используются программные комплексы BDO-RFQ и LIDOS RFQ.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО РОЗРОБКИ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧІВ З ПОКФ
О.Д. Овсянников, Д.О. Овсянников, В.В. Алцибеєв, О.П. Дуркин, В.Г. Папкович
Розглядається оптимізаційний підхід до розрахунку параметрів каналу ПОКФ. Описується постановка оптимізацій-
ної задачі і методика її рішення. Приводяться результати реалізації цієї методики на прикладі оптимізації прискорювача
RFQ важких іонів (A/Z=20) на частоті 47,2 МГц. Від первісної до фінальної версії проекту прискорювача використову-
ються програмні комплекси BDO-RFQ і LІDOS RFQ.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80241 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-30T16:52:02Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Ovsyannikov, A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Altsybeyev, V.V. Durkin, A.P. Papkovich, V.G. 2015-04-13T18:21:58Z 2015-04-13T18:21:58Z 2014 Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design / A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, V.V. Altsybeyev, A.P. Durkin, V.G. Papkovich // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 3. — С. 116-119. — Бібліогр.: 42 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.27.-а https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80241 Optimization approach to the beam dynamics optimization in RFQ accelerators is considered. A statement of the optimization problem and its solving methods are described. As an example, an optimization of 47.2 MHz RFQ for the acceleration of heavy ions (A/Z=20) is discussed. From the start version up to the final one the BDO-RFQ and the LIDOS RFQ associated codes are used. Рассматривается оптимизационный подход к расчету параметров канала ПОКФ. Описываются постановка оптимизационной задачи и методика ее решения. Приводятся результаты реализации этой методики на примере оптимизации ускорителя RFQ тяжелых ионов (A/Z=20) на частоте 47,2 МГц. От первоначальной до финальной версии проекта ускорителя используются программные комплексы BDO-RFQ и LIDOS RFQ. Розглядається оптимізаційний підхід до розрахунку параметрів каналу ПОКФ. Описується постановка оптимізаційної задачі і методика її рішення. Приводяться результати реалізації цієї методики на прикладі оптимізації прискорювача RFQ важких іонів (A/Z=20) на частоті 47,2 МГц. Від первісної до фінальної версії проекту прискорювача використовуються програмні комплекси BDO-RFQ і LІDOS RFQ. This work was partly supported by St. Petersburg State University, project number 9.38.673.2013. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Динамика пучков Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design Применение оптимизационных подходов к разработке ускорителей с ПОКФ Застосування оптимізаційних підходів до розробки прискорювачів з ПОКФ Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design Ovsyannikov, A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Altsybeyev, V.V. Durkin, A.P. Papkovich, V.G. Динамика пучков |
| title | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design |
| title_alt | Применение оптимизационных подходов к разработке ускорителей с ПОКФ Застосування оптимізаційних підходів до розробки прискорювачів з ПОКФ |
| title_full | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design |
| title_fullStr | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design |
| title_short | Application of optimization techniques for RFQ design |
| title_sort | application of optimization techniques for rfq design |
| topic | Динамика пучков |
| topic_facet | Динамика пучков |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80241 |
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