Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices
The paper presents results of the spectroscopic and corpuscular measurements of pulsed plasma streams generated within the RPI-IBIS experimental device, which was operated with the pure deuterium puffing. Particular attention was paid to time-integrated and time-resolved measurements of selected spe...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Дата: | 2002 |
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| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2002
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| Цитувати: | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices / E. Skladnik-Sadowska, J. Baranowski, K. Czaus, M.J. Sadowski, T. Pisarczyk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 4. — С. 123-126. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859886423560159232 |
|---|---|
| author | Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Baranowski, J. Czaus, K. Sadowski, M.J. Pisarczyk, T. |
| author_facet | Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Baranowski, J. Czaus, K. Sadowski, M.J. Pisarczyk, T. |
| citation_txt | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices / E. Skladnik-Sadowska, J. Baranowski, K. Czaus, M.J. Sadowski, T. Pisarczyk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 4. — С. 123-126. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The paper presents results of the spectroscopic and corpuscular measurements of pulsed plasma streams generated within the RPI-IBIS experimental device, which was operated with the pure deuterium puffing. Particular attention was paid to time-integrated and time-resolved measurements of selected spectral lines, i.e. Da, Db and Dg, emitted from deuterium discharges. The measurements made possible an assessment of the basic plasma parameters. The achievement of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) was investigated. Energies of emitted ions, their total numbers, as well emissions of soft X-rays and fusion-produced neutrons vary considerably with a change of gas conditions.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:53:00Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEUTERIUM PLASMA
IN RPI-TYPE DEVICES
E. Skladnik-Sadowska1, J. Baranowski1, K. Czaus1, M.J. Sadowski1, and T. Pisarczyk 2
1 The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ), 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland
e-mail: eskladnik@ipj.gov.pl
2 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
The paper presents results of the spectroscopic and corpuscular measurements of pulsed plasma streams generated
within the RPI-IBIS experimental device, which was operated with the pure deuterium puffing. Particular attention
was paid to time-integrated and time-resolved measurements of selected spectral lines, i.e. Dα, Dβ and Dγ, emitted from
deuterium discharges. The measurements made possible an assessment of the basic plasma parameters. The
achievement of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) was investigated. Energies of emitted ions, their total numbers, as
well emissions of soft X-rays and fusion-produced neutrons vary considerably with a change of gas conditions.
PACS: 52.70.-m; 52.30.-g
1. INTRODUCTION
Spectroscopic measurements of the pulsed plasma
streams deliver important information about dynamics
and characteristics of the investigated plasmas. Studies of
high-energy ions, which are emitted from plasma
discharges, provide also information about dynamics of
plasma phenomena and mechanisms of the charged
particle acceleration. On the other hand, spectroscopic
and corpuscular measurements are of importance for
various technological applications of plasma facilities.
The pulsed plasma streams, generated by coaxial multi-
rod injectors, so-called RPI- or IONOTRON-type
facilities, have been studied at IPJ for many years [1-3].
The studies performed during recent two years shed
some new light on the operation of such devices [4-7].
The main aim of this paper was to summarize the recent
spectroscopic and corpuscular studies.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The recent studies have been performed mainly within
the RPI-IBIS facility [5], which was powered from a
current pulse generator charged to U0 = 30 kV, W0 = 33
kJ. The facility was equipped with a set of diagnostic
tools, as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Scheme of the RPI-electrode system with the
basic diagnostic equipment.
During the described experiments the RPI-IBIS device
was operated mostly with the pure deuterium puffing.
Time-integrated and time-resolved measurements of
selected spectral lines, mainly those of deuterium
species, were performed with the MECHELLE900
optical spectrometer equipped with an intensified CCD
readout. It made possible optical measurements within
the wavelength range from 200 nm to 1100 nm, at an
exposition time ranging from 100 ns up to 50 ms.
Time-integrated and time-resolved measurements of ions
were carried out by means of Faraday-type collectors and
a Thomson-type mass-spectrometer. In order to record
low-energy ions the Thomson spectrometer was equipped
with an input ion-acceleration system. The time-
integrated measurements were performed mainly with
the use of solid-state nuclear track detectors of the CR-39
type.
3. SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF PLASMA-ION
STREAMS
During the spectroscopic studies particular attention was
paid to observations of the Balmer spectral lines of the
working gas, i.e. Dα – 656.10 nm, Dβ – 486.029 nm and
Dγ – 433.298 nm. Some spectral lines from remnant
gases and the electrodes (Mo) were also observed, as
shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Optical spectra of the pulsed plasma streams
emitted from the IBIS-RPI facility, as recorded for shots
at U0 = 30 kV, W0 = 33 kJ, D2 -puffing, t = 190 µs, with
the spectrometer exposition equal to 5 µs and 100 µs.
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2002. № 4. Series: Plasma Physics (7). P. 123-125 123
400 450 500 550 600 650
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Mo
396.61
Mo
392.95
texp = 100 µ s
τ = 190 µ s
RPI-IBIS-60
D-gamma
D-beta
D-alpha
shot 02012804
In
te
ns
ity
[a
.u
.]
Wavelength [nm]
400 450 500 550 600 650
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
shot 02012805
NΙ
465.70
OΙ Ι
464.80
D-gamma
D-beta
D-alphatexp = 5µ s
τ = 190µ s
RPI-IBIS 60
In
te
ns
ity
[a
.u
.]
Wavelength [nm]
mailto:eskladnik@ipj.gov.pl
A half-period of the discharge current was equal to about
7 µs, and the detection system of the spectrometer was
usually opened with a time delay of 3 µs after the
beginning of the current pulse, i.e. close to the current
peak. In order to embrace the characteristic current
peculiarities, several series of the observations were
performed with the spectrometer exposition equal to 5 µ
s. Other measurements were carried out with the
exposition of 100 µs, i.e. practically as time-integrated.
On the basis of the spectrum recorded with the 5-µs
exposition it was estimated that an average deuterium ion
temperature amounted to about 1 keV. It was also found
that the impurity lines from the electrode material (Mo)
appear during later phases of the discharge.
To study influence of the initial gas conditions, the
detailed spectroscopic measurements were performed at
different time delays (τ) between the gas puffing and the
application of the voltage (current) pulse. FWHM values
of selected spectral lines were measured at the different
operational conditions, as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig 3. FWHM values as a function of the time delay, as
measured for the described experiment with the
spectrometer exposition equal to 5 µs and 100 µs.
Those measurements confirmed a strong dependence of
the plasma parameters on the initial gas conditions,
varied by a change of the delay time (τ). A selection of
the optimal operational conditions could be performed on
the basis of the observation of the selected spectral lines.
The intensity and widening of Dβ line was evidently
largest at the time delay τ = 190 µs, as shown in Fig. 4.
The time delay τ = 190 µs corresponds to the so-called
medium operational-mode, when a role of the remnant
gases seems to be negligible (see Fig. 4). The finding that
the ions from the electrode material appear in later
phases of the discharge, is of particular importance for
technological applications of the RPI devices.
Fig. 4. Intensity of the spectral lines vs. the time delay,
as measured for the chosen spectrum part (near Dβ line)
at the exposition time equal to 5 µs.
4. MASS-AND ENERGY-ANALYSIS OF IONS
Time-integrated measurements of the investigated
plasma-ion streams were performed with the Thomson-
type spectrometer adjusted along the z-axis. It was
equipped with the input ion-acceleration system and CR-
39 nuclear-track detectors, as described above. Thomson
parabolas, which were visible on the track detectors after
their appropriate etching, were analyzed with an optical
microscope. To perform an accurate analysis of the ion
tracks, the use was made of an automatic system
consisted of a CCD camera coupled with a fast PC
(Pentium II) equipped with the Image-Pro-Plus software.
That analysis enabled a dependence of track diameters on
their mass and energy to be found. It determined also the
energy distribution of the accelerated primary protons,
deuterons and nitrogen ions, as shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Energy spectra of deuterons, protons and
nitrogen ions, as determined on the basis of
measurements performed with the Thomson mass-
spectrometer. Bars show the experimental errors.
The protons and nitrogen ions originated evidently from
the remnant gases, which were occluded or absorbed in
the electrodes used before in experiments with other
working gases.
124
140 160 180 200 220 240 260
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
D-alpha
shots 020128/01,02,05,06,09
RPI-IBIS 60
D-beta
D-gamma
texp= 5µ s
Fu
ll
w
id
th
a
t h
al
f m
ax
im
um
F
W
HM
[n
m
]
Dalay time τ [µ s]
140 160 180 200 220 240 260
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
D-beta
D-gamma
D-alpha
shots 020128/08, 04,03,07
texp=100µ s
RPI-IBIS 60
Fu
ll
w
id
th
a
t h
al
f m
ax
im
um
F
W
HM
[n
m
]
Delay time τ [µ s]
100 1000
1
10
100 x106
20
nitrogen ions
protons
deuterons
N
i/E
i [i
on
s/
cm
2 M
eV
]
Energy of ions Ei [keV]
Analyzing ion-spectrum from various shots, which were
performed with the deuterium puffing at different time
delays (τ), it was possible to determine average energy
values and the total numbers of the emitted deuterons, as
shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Average energy values <E> and total numbers of
deuterons (ND) emitted from the deuterium discharges
within IBIS-RPI device.
.
5. MEASUREMENTS OF NUCLEAR FUSION
PRODUCTS
During experiments performed with the pure deuterium
puffing, the RPI-type facilities can also emit fusion-
produced neutrons and protons. In order to determine the
optimal operational conditions, the neutron yield
measurements have been carried out at different time
delay times (τ), as shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Average neutron yield <Yn> from pure deuterium
discharges within IBIS-RPI device, as a function of the
time delay (τ ) between the deuterium puffing and the
application of a voltage/current pulse.
The detailed measurements have also shown that the
energy spectrum of fusion-produced protons depends
considerably on the initial gas conditions within IBIS-
RPI facility, as shown in Fig. 8.
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The results of this work can be summarized as follows:
- The recent spectroscopic studies, as performed
within IBIS-RPI device, have confirmed a strong
dependence of plasma characteristics on the initial
gas conditions (varied by changing a time delay τ).
Fig. 8. Typical energy spectra of fusion-reaction protons
emitted from IBIS-RPI device operated with the pure
deuterium filling.
- A considerable delay in the emission of metal ions,
which originate from the electrode material, has
been proved. It appeared to be of particular
importance for technological applications of RPI-
type devices.
- Time-integrated measurements of ions, which were
performed with pinhole cameras and the Thomson-
type analyzer, have determined a dependence of ion
yields and energies on the initial gas conditions.
- Ion measurements have also shown that the average
energy value of deuterons varies from about 70 keV
down to a few keV with an increase in the delay
time τ, while the total number of deuterons is the
highest at a delay time τ = 170-190 µs.
- It was confirmed that the RPI-type devices produce
also fusion products (fast neutrons and protons),
depending on the operational mode.
One might conclude that further spectroscopic studies
should be performed with shorter exposition times (e.g.
100-200 ns) during over-voltage pulse and discharge-
current peculiarities. In further ion studies particular
attention should be to heavy ions emitted from the rod
electrodes.
REFERENCES
1. M.Gryzinski, J.Nowikowski, M.Sadowski,
S.Suckewer: Nukleonika 13 (1968) 719.
2. E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranowski, M.Gryzinski,
J.Langner, M.Sadowski: J. Physique 43 (1982) 715.
3. J.Baranowski, M.Sadowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska,
J.Stanislawski, J.Zebrowski: Proc. ICPP’98 (Praha,
1998); ECA Vol. 22C (1998) 1662.
4. J. Baranowski, K. Czaus, M. Sadowski, E.Składnik-
Sadowska and A.Tsarenko: Proc. 27th EPS Conf.
CFPP (Budapest 2000); ECA Vol. 24B (2000) 848.
5. E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranowski, K.Czaus,
M.J.Sadowski, A.Tsarenko: Probl. Atom. Sci. &
Techn. 6, Plasma Ser. 6 (2000) 169.
6. J.Baranowski, E.Skladnik-Sadowska, K.Czaus,
M.Sadowski: Proc. Int. Symp. PLASMA-2001
(Warsaw 2001) Paper P8.3.
125
2,50 2,75 3,00 3,25 3,50 3,75
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
x105
τ = 290 µ s, φ=0o
Np=2.06x105 [cm-2]
δ E= 150 keV
τ = 200µ s, φ =0o
Np=2.86x105 [cm-2]
δ E= 250 keV
N p/E
p [p
ro
to
ns
/cm
2 Me
V]
Energy of protons Ep [MeV]
7. E.Skladnik-Sadowska, J.Baranowski, K.Czaus,
M.J.Sadowski, T.Pisarczyk: Proc. 20th SPPT
(Prague 2002); Czech. J. Phys. 52, Suppl. D (2002)
D182.
126
2. Experimental setup
Analyzing ion-spectrum from various shots, which were performed with the deuterium puffing at different time delays (), it was possible to determine average energy values and the total numbers of the emitted deuterons, as shown in Fig. 6.
References
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80322 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:53:00Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Baranowski, J. Czaus, K. Sadowski, M.J. Pisarczyk, T. 2015-04-14T18:27:04Z 2015-04-14T18:27:04Z 2002 Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices / E. Skladnik-Sadowska, J. Baranowski, K. Czaus, M.J. Sadowski, T. Pisarczyk // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 4. — С. 123-126. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.70.-m; 52.30.-g https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80322 The paper presents results of the spectroscopic and corpuscular measurements of pulsed plasma streams generated within the RPI-IBIS experimental device, which was operated with the pure deuterium puffing. Particular attention was paid to time-integrated and time-resolved measurements of selected spectral lines, i.e. Da, Db and Dg, emitted from deuterium discharges. The measurements made possible an assessment of the basic plasma parameters. The achievement of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) was investigated. Energies of emitted ions, their total numbers, as well emissions of soft X-rays and fusion-produced neutrons vary considerably with a change of gas conditions. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Baranowski, J. Czaus, K. Sadowski, M.J. Pisarczyk, T. Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction |
| title | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices |
| title_full | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices |
| title_short | Characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in RPI-type devices |
| title_sort | characteristics of high-temperature deuterium plasma in rpi-type devices |
| topic | Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction |
| topic_facet | Plasma dynamics and plasma-wall interaction |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80322 |
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