Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification
Results of pulsed plasma streams processing of material surfaces with previously deposited FeB and TiAlN coatings are presented. Under the plasma treatment intensive mixing the materials of coating with the material of substrate was achieved. In the first case this provided boronizing of the modifie...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
|---|---|
| Date: | 2002 |
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2002
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80328 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification / O.V. Byrka, A.N. Bandura, V.V. Chebotarev, I.E. Garkusha, J. Langner, M.J. Sadowski, V.I. Tereshin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 4. — С. 173-175. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860141374135861248 |
|---|---|
| author | Byrka, O.V. Bandura, A.N. Chebotarev, V.V. Garkusha, I.E. Langner, J. Sadowski, M.J. Tereshin, V.I. |
| author_facet | Byrka, O.V. Bandura, A.N. Chebotarev, V.V. Garkusha, I.E. Langner, J. Sadowski, M.J. Tereshin, V.I. |
| citation_txt | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification / O.V. Byrka, A.N. Bandura, V.V. Chebotarev, I.E. Garkusha, J. Langner, M.J. Sadowski, V.I. Tereshin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 4. — С. 173-175. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Results of pulsed plasma streams processing of material surfaces with previously deposited FeB and TiAlN coatings are presented. Under the plasma treatment intensive mixing the materials of coating with the material of substrate was achieved. In the first case this provided boronizing of the modified layer with aim of corrosion properties improvement, in the second case – formation of intermediate mixed layer for subsequent deposition of the hard alloyed coatings. Materials alloying with pulsed metal-gas plasma is discussed also.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:49:41Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
APPLICATION OF PULSED PLASMA STREAMS FOR MATERIALS
ALLOYING AND COATINGS MODIFICATION
O.V. Byrka, A.N. Bandura, V.V. Chebotarev, I.E. Garkusha, J. Langner*,
M.J. Sadowski*,V.I. Tereshin
Institute of Plasma Physics of the NSC KIPT, Akademicheskaya Str.,1, 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
* The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, 05-400 Otwock-Swierk by Warsaw, Poland
Results of pulsed plasma streams processing of material surfaces with previously deposited FeB and TiAlN
coatings are presented. Under the plasma treatment intensive mixing the materials of coating with the material of
substrate was achieved. In the first case this provided boronizing of the modified layer with aim of corrosion properties
improvement, in the second case – formation of intermediate mixed layer for subsequent deposition of the hard alloyed
coatings. Materials alloying with pulsed metal-gas plasma is discussed also.
PACS: 52.77.-j; 81.15.-z; 81.65.-b
INTRODUCTION
It is well known that modification of constructional
steels with powerful pulsed plasma streams results in
hardening their surfaces and increasing the wear
resistance of steel samples [1,2]. Under the pulsed plasma
influence the high speed heating and melting of treated
surface, high gradients of temperature arising at the near-
surface layer of material contribute to anomaly high speed
diffusion of plasma stream ions into the depth of the
modified layer, structure- phase changes in a surface layer
(change of crystal morphology and topography) and
formation (under the fast cooling of molten layer) of the
fine-grained structure that is similar to roentgen-
amorphous one [1].
At the same time pulsed metal-gas plasma processing
can be applied for coatings deposition [3] and also for
doping of melted layer with plasma brought atoms [4].
This paper discus the possibility of improvement of
different coatings deposited with other methods, presents
the results of pulsed plasma streams processing of
material surfaces with previously deposited FeB and
TiAlN coatings as well as the results of materials alloying
with pulsed metal-gas plasma.
EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES
The experiments were carried out in the pulsed
plasma accelerator (PPA) “Prosvet” and rod-type injector
IBIS.
The PPA facility consists of coaxial plasma
accelerator (with anode diameter of 14 cm, and cathode
diameter of 4 cm) and the vacuum chamber of 120 cm in
a length and 100 cm in a diameter. The power supply
system of the accelerator is a capacitor battery with the
stored energy W=68 kJ at the discharge voltage 35 kV.
The amplitude of the discharge current is 400 kA. The
time duration of the plasma generation is 3-6 µs. The
accelerator generates plasma streams with ion energy up
to 2 keV, plasma density 2x1014 cm-3, average specific
power up to 10 MW/cm2 and an energy density of the
plasma stream in the range of 5-40 J/cm2.
Rod-type plasma injector IBIS is described in details
in [2]. The accelerator generates pulsed plasma beams of
energy density ranging up to 10 J/cm2, mean energy of
ions equal to about 10 keV, and the average pulse
duration equal to about 1 µs. As working gases nitrogen
or argon were chosen.
Analysis of cross-sections of processed samples
was carried out with optical microscope MMR-4 and
scanning electron microscope JEOL with X-ray
analyzer LINK. Elements content in modified layers
was investigated with using the laser mass-analyzer
EMAL-2.
MODIFICATION OF FeB AND TiAlN
COATINGS
Coatings FeB and TiAlN were previously deposited
on steel samples of 40H, H12, steel 45 by vacuum arc
method in “Bulat” installation [5]. Thickness of
deposited coating was 1 micrometer.
FeB coated samples were processed with “Prosvet”
facility by pulsed nitrogen plasma streams for
investigation of boron mixing process in the melt
layer. Such mixing promotes creation of boronized
modified layer with improved corrosion and friction
properties. Results of element content analysis in
modified layer of steel 45 sample with FeB coating
after the treatment with 15 pulses are presented in
Tab. 1.
Table 1. Element content for sample of steel 45
with FeB coating after plasma processing
Ele
me
nt
% mas.
in layer on
the depth
3-5 µm
% mas.
in surface
layer
(depth 0.1-0.2
µm)
B 0.98 0.45
C 0.91 0.58
N 0.024 0.18
O 0.027 1.41
Si 0.5 0.56
P 0.008 0.008
S 0.01 0.06
Ti 0.035 0.041
Cr 0.42 0.22
Mn 0.66 0.84
Fe base base
Co 0.011 0.011
Ni 0.092 0.11
Problems of Atomic Science and Technology. 2002. № 4. Series: Plasma Physics (7). P. 173-175 173
Mo 0.12 0.16
As follow from element content analysis due to
plasma processing it is possible to introduce boron to the
material bulk on the depth of more than 5 µm, i.e. to
create boronized surface layer. It should be pointed that
boron concentration in the layer depth became even
higher in comparison with it content on the surface. The
reason for boron concentration decrease at the surface of
modified layer in comparison with material depth could
be increasing the back flux of boron atoms from the melt
layer surface at the end of plasma pulse (when plasma
stream pressure and energy of incident ions were rapidly
decreased). Also boron is partially replaced by nitrogen
on the sample surface. Increasing nitrogen concentration
on the sample surface up to 0.18% is observed. Initial
concentration of nitrogen in the sample material was
<0.005%.
Cross-section analysis of boronized modified
layer has been performed. The thickness of modified
fine-grained layer achieves 11-12 µm (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1
Cross-section of steel 45 sample with previously
deposited coating of FeB after plasma processing
As result of plasma processing of TiAlN coatings
effective mixing of coating with substrate material
has been realized also. Element content of surface
layer for steel H12 sample initially covered by TiAlN
is presented in Tab. 2 after plasma processing with 5
pulses. Content of iron on the surface achieved 58%
with simultaneous rather high level of concentration
of titanium, aluminum and nitrogen (17%, 7.4% and
5% respectively). This effect can be used for
creation of mixed intermediate layers for following
coating deposition. It is well known such
intermediate mixed layers provide much better
adhesion and quality of coatings. Therefore pulsed
plasma streams processing can be effective for
“sewing” the deposited hard alloyed coatings.
It should be noted that the optimal regimes of
pulsed plasma processing for different coatings
depend on their thermophysical properties (melting
temperature, heat conductivity and other) and should
be analyzed for each material in real experimental
conditions. On the one hand it is necessary to choose
precisely the heat load to the sample surface to
provide the coating melting, but to avoid coating
evaporation. On the other hand, obtained thickness of
modified layer in recent experiments with FeB
coatings is not optimal and can be increased for
“Prosvet” processing up to 30 µm at least [6].
Table 2. Element content for sample of steel H12
with TiAlN coating after the plasma processing.
Ele
me
nt
% mas.
in surface
layer
(0.1-0.2
µm)
Ele
me
nt
% mas.
in surface
layer
(0.1-0.2 µ
m)
С 0,95 V 0,21
N 5,01 Cr 7,82
O 2,84 Mn 0,22
Al 7,38 Fe 57,59
Si 0,44 Ni 0,076
P 0,015 Co 0,014
S 0,021 Cu 0,125
Ti 17,02 Mo 0,26
That is why additional analysis of samples cross-
sections was performed for different materials processed
with helium, oxygen and nitrogen plasma streams.
Adjustment of plasma treatment regimes of processed
materials was done to achieve optimal thickness of
modified layer with simultaneously minimal value of
surface roughness. Examples of modified surface layer
structures for different materials are presented in Fig.2.
Depth of aluminium modified layer under oxygen plasma
treatment achieved 50 µm, microhardness in modified
layer ~ 316 kg/ mm2.
Using the light-weight gas for material treatment
allowed to increase both pulse duration (up to 10-15µs)
and energy density load to the sample surface (up to 50
J/cm2). Therefore it was possible to increase the depth of
modified layer for titanium alloy samples up to 100 µm
under processing with He plasma streams. Modified layer
of titanium alloy is not polarised and possibly consist on
amorphous or β-Ti.
MATERIALS ALLOYING WITH PULSED
METAL-GAS PLASMA STREAMS
In these experiments the samples of different
industrial steels were processed by IBIS in DPE mode
(Deposition by Pulse Erosion) characterized by relatively
short time delay τD between moment of injection of the
working gas and high voltage discharge ignition. In these
conditions working gas does not reach electrodes end and
intensive erosion of electrodes end takes place. Therefore
plasma beam in such mode is enriched by ions of
electrode material. Also the vapor of this material is
produced. Plasma processing of samples in this mode is
accompanied by deposition of electrode material film to
the sample surface and mixing of deposited material with
material of sample in surface layer of 1-2 µm by
consequent plasma pulses. Changing the electrode
material it is possible to produce alloying of surface layer
174
of steel samples by different elements. In these
experiments titanium and nickel electrodes were used.
Investigations of elements content in modified
surface layers of samples processed by IBIS in DPE
operation mode [3] with Ti and Ni electrodes and nitrogen
working gas were carried out with using X-ray analyzer
LINK. Measurements were performed for area 300x300 µ
m. Depth of examined layer was about 2 µm. The average
content of some elements in this modified layer is
presented in Table 3.
As follows from obtained results plasma processing
in DPE mode characterized by essential increase of
electrode material contentment in the modified layer of
samples. For processing with using of Ti electrodes,
a
b
c
Fig. 2
Cross-sections of modified layers of processed materials:
a- steel 40H processed with nitrogen plasma,
b- Al processed with oxygen plasma, c- titanium alloy
VТ22 processed with helium plasma.
content of mixed Ti in this layer achieved 16.5 %
after 25 pulses. For consequent treatment with using
of Ti and Ni electrodes, increase of both elements is
registered. All this indicates that effective alloying of
surface layer takes place. However it should be
pointed that content of Ni is considerably higher and
achieved 30% as result of processing with 7 pulses
only. Alongside with possible more effective nickel
deposition (higher deposition rate per pulse) this
difference can be explained by both processes:
particular sputtering of Ti from the surface and
mixing of previously deposited Ti in more deep
layers by following pulses with Ni plasma.
Table. 3 Element content in modified layer of steels
processed with IBIS in DPE mode
CONCLUSIONS
Experiments on processing of samples with
previously deposited coatings of FeB or TiAlN have
shown that under the plasma treatment intensive mixing
the materials of coating with the material of substrate was
achieved. In the first case this provided boronizing of the
modified layer with aim of corrosion properties
improvement, in the second case – formation of
intermediate mixed layer for subsequent deposition of the
hard alloyed coatings. Possibility of successful
combination of vacuum-arc deposition with modification
by pulsed plasma processing is demonstrated.
Results of materials processing with IBIS facility in
DPE mode show the possibility of creation of mixed layer
without previous coating deposition, but during one
process of treatment with metal-gas plasma.
Thus alloying of materials is realized as by mixing of
previously deposited coating with material substrate as
directly by pulsed gas-metal plasma processing.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work has been performed within a frame of
the Polish-Ukrainian science cooperation agreement.
REFERENCES:
175
Steel Treatment
regime
Elements content, atom.%
Fe Cr Ni Si Ti Mo
12HN3A 15 pulses
with Ti
electrodes
82.02 0.91 3.82 1.51 11.74
H12 25 pulses
with Ti
electrodes
63.08 15.87 1.5 2.32 16.49 0.74
Steel 45 15 pulses
with Ti +
7 pulses
with Ni
61.95 0.11 29.65 1.88 6.41
_____ 15µ
m
_____ 20µ
m
_____ 50µ
m
[1]. I.E. Garkusha, O.V. Byrka, V.V. Chebotarev et al.
Vacuum, 58 (2000) 195-201.
[2]. J.Langner et al. Surface and Coatings Technology,
128-129 (2000) 105-111.
[3]. J. Piekoszewski, J. Langner, et al., Nucl. Instrum.
Meth. B 53 (1991) 148.
[4]. J.Langner et al. Surface and Coatings Technology, 96
(1997) 129
[5]. I.I. Aksenov, V.A. Belous. Problems of Atomic
Science and Technology. Series: Plasma Physics, №
3 (2000) 156
[6]. V.I. Tereshin et al. Review of Scientific Instruments,
V.73, N2 (2002) 831.
176
INTRODUCTION
Experimental Devices
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80328 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:49:41Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Byrka, O.V. Bandura, A.N. Chebotarev, V.V. Garkusha, I.E. Langner, J. Sadowski, M.J. Tereshin, V.I. 2015-04-14T18:32:49Z 2015-04-14T18:32:49Z 2002 Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification / O.V. Byrka, A.N. Bandura, V.V. Chebotarev, I.E. Garkusha, J. Langner, M.J. Sadowski, V.I. Tereshin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2002. — № 4. — С. 173-175. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.77.-j; 81.15.-z; 81.65.-b https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80328 Results of pulsed plasma streams processing of material surfaces with previously deposited FeB and TiAlN coatings are presented. Under the plasma treatment intensive mixing the materials of coating with the material of substrate was achieved. In the first case this provided boronizing of the modified layer with aim of corrosion properties improvement, in the second case – formation of intermediate mixed layer for subsequent deposition of the hard alloyed coatings. Materials alloying with pulsed metal-gas plasma is discussed also. This work has been performed within a frame of the Polish-Ukrainian science cooperation agreement. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification Byrka, O.V. Bandura, A.N. Chebotarev, V.V. Garkusha, I.E. Langner, J. Sadowski, M.J. Tereshin, V.I. Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies |
| title | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification |
| title_full | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification |
| title_fullStr | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification |
| title_short | Application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification |
| title_sort | application of pulsed plasma streams for materials alloying and coatings modification |
| topic | Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies |
| topic_facet | Low temperature plasma and plasma technologies |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80328 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT byrkaov applicationofpulsedplasmastreamsformaterialsalloyingandcoatingsmodification AT banduraan applicationofpulsedplasmastreamsformaterialsalloyingandcoatingsmodification AT chebotarevvv applicationofpulsedplasmastreamsformaterialsalloyingandcoatingsmodification AT garkushaie applicationofpulsedplasmastreamsformaterialsalloyingandcoatingsmodification AT langnerj applicationofpulsedplasmastreamsformaterialsalloyingandcoatingsmodification AT sadowskimj applicationofpulsedplasmastreamsformaterialsalloyingandcoatingsmodification AT tereshinvi applicationofpulsedplasmastreamsformaterialsalloyingandcoatingsmodification |