Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization
The analysis of the multicomponent composition of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is presented. The possibility of SNF separation from the fission products (FP) upon heating, evaporation and ionization (at difference of the ionization potentials and dissociation energies) is considered. Further SNF posttre...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Дата: | 2014 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2014
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization / V.B. Yuferov, S.V. Shariy, V.V. Katrechko, E.V. Mufel, A.S. Svichkar, V.O. Ilichova, S.N. Khizhnyak // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 5. — С. 63-68. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859640410063765504 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuferov, V.B. Katrechko, V.V. Mufel, E.V. Svichkar, A.S. Ilichova, V.O. Khizhnyak, S.N. Shariy, S.V. |
| author_facet | Yuferov, V.B. Katrechko, V.V. Mufel, E.V. Svichkar, A.S. Ilichova, V.O. Khizhnyak, S.N. Shariy, S.V. |
| citation_txt | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization / V.B. Yuferov, S.V. Shariy, V.V. Katrechko, E.V. Mufel, A.S. Svichkar, V.O. Ilichova, S.N. Khizhnyak // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 5. — С. 63-68. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The analysis of the multicomponent composition of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is presented. The possibility of SNF separation from the fission products (FP) upon heating, evaporation and ionization (at difference of the ionization potentials and dissociation energies) is considered. Further SNF posttreatment from FP is carried out by plasma methods. It is shown that for simulation of the SNF reprocessing in this stage the most appropriate medium is oxide plasma of nonradioactive ²³⁸U, Zr, Nb, Mo and lanthanides.
Проведен анализ многокомпонентного состава отработанного ядерного топлива (ОЯТ). Рассмотрена возможность очистки ОЯТ от продуктов деления (ПД) при нагреве, испарении и ионизации (по различию потенциалов ионизации и энергий диссоциации). Дальнейшая очистка ОЯТ от ПД проводится плазменными методами. Показано, что для имитационного моделирования очистки ОЯТ на этой стадии наиболее подходящим является состав плазмы нерадиоактивных окислов ²³⁸U , Zr, Nb, Mo и лантаноидов.
Проведено аналiз багатокомпонентного складу вiдпрацьованого ядерного палива (ВЯП). Розглянуто можливiсть очищення ВЯП вiд продуктiв дiлення (ПД) при нагрiваннi, випаровуваннi i iонiзацiї (по вiдмiнностi потенцiалiв iонiзацiї i енергiй дисоцiацiї). Подальше очищення ВЯП вiд ПД проводиться плазмовими методами. Показано, що для iмiтацiйного моделювання очищення ВЯП на цiй стадiї найбiльш пiдходящим є склад плазми нерадiоактивних окислiв ²³⁸U , Zr, Nb, Mo i лантаноїдiв.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T13:21:22Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
FEATURES OF MOLECULAR PLASMA SNF AFTER
HEATING AND IONIZATION
V.B.Yuferov, S.V.Shariy, V.V.Katrechko∗, E.V.Mufel,
A.S. Svichkar, V.O. Ilichova, S.N.Khizhnyak
National Science Center ”Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine
(Received March 24, 2014)
The analysis of the multicomponent composition of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is presented. The possibility of SNF
separation from the fission products (FP) upon heating, evaporation and ionization (at difference of the ionization
potentials and dissociation energies) is considered. Further SNF posttreatment from FP is carried out by plasma
methods. It is shown that for simulation of the SNF reprocessing in this stage the most appropriate medium is oxide
plasma of nonradioactive 238U , Zr, Nb, Mo and lanthanides.
PACS: 621.039.624
Now the problem of SNF reprocessing is solved
partially by radiochemical methods, in particular -
PUREX process used in France, UK, Japan and Rus-
sia. Usage of the radiochemical technologies leads to
appearance of great amount of liquid radioactive
solutions and the reproccesing require evaporation,
storage and burial of radioactive waste (RW). Gas-
fluoride technology is currently being developed with
a toxic fluoride. It is also possible to use magne-
toplasma (MP) SNF reprocessing that needs only
physical methods for separation of spent nuclear
fuel to nuclear fuel (NF) and FP and does not re-
quire chemicals reagents. Its application does not
increase the volume of radioactive waste carrying
90% of the radioactivity. When separated from the
FP, the actinide isotopes can be reused as NF, and
FP have to be buried. MP technology [1] which
is used for separation of RW, also can be used for
SNF reprocessing. Investigations on MP SNF sep-
aration have been carried out in NSC KIPT [2-6],
where the experiments were conducted on separa-
tion of inert gases, and physical principles of MP
separation of the multicomponent plasma as SNF
imitation media were considered. Sequential stages
of SNF separation were proposed, which, besides
the MP separation of elements at masses difference
include heating and ionization (separation at differ-
ence in vapor pressure and ionization potentials).
Therefore experiments of MP separation are carried
out with simulation media preferably chosen with a
certain degree of approximation to the physicochem-
ical properties of the SNF composition after heating
and ionization. Under neutron irradiation of ura-
nium fuel, 235U is divided in a ratio of about 3:2:1,
and is converted to FP (Fig.1) and part of 238U is
converted in the plutonium. The appearance of the
plutonium isotopes shifts the distribution function of
FP to large masses (see Fig.1), but it does not influ-
ence on SNF MP separation, since the separation of
the NF and FP means separation of groups of ele-
ments with very different masses (△M ∼ 70 a.m.u.).
Fig.1.Percentage yield of fission products
10% FP (by amount of nuclei) appear at burnup of
5% 235U after unloading from the light water reac-
tor. In addition to the impurities it is possible to
take FP of plutonium and minor actinoids – Np,
Am, Cm. Thus the total amount of impurities goes
to 15% (by amount of nuclei), which in the first ap-
proximation have uniform distribution in the volume.
However, due to prolonged irradiation at relatively
high temperature a segregation of impurities as ox-
ides, compounds or elements can occur.
In the process of nuclei 235U decay, fission frag-
ments appear, scattering with energies of hundreds
of MeV . In the process of braking in the target,
molecules UO2 dissociates into components U , O,
∗Corresponding author E-mail address: katrechko.v@mail.ru
ISSN 1562-6016. PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2014, N5 (93).
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (63), p.63-68.
63
UO, O2, in mainly, in the excited and ionized states.
These components can bind with FP, forming new
compounds, such as: : ZrO, UJ , CeO, UO, CsH,
UCe etc. These compounds have different binding
energies and ionization potentials (Tables 1 and 2).
Table 1. The bond energy of some dimers
A-B Cs2 Na2 Sn2 U2 Au2 Ta2 Mo2 Nb2 W2
eV 0,46 0,66 1,94 2,31 3,3 4,05 4,52 5,33 6,92
Table 2. The bond energy of some hybrids with hydrogen and oxygen
A-B eV A-B eV A-B eV A-B eV
H-Hg 0,41 H-T 4,57 F-O 2,28 Gd-O 7,42
D-Hg 0,44 D-D 4,6 Zn-O 2,6 Nb-O 7,54
T-Hg 0,45 D-T 4,62 Na-O 2,8 Np-O 7,59
H-Mg 1,32 K-O 2,82 Pr-O 7,68
H-Na 1,93 Mg-O 3,72 U-O 7,84
H-Nb 2,3 Ca-O 3,98 Zr-O 7,96
Bi-H 2,94 Fe-O 4,23 Ce-O 8,2
H-Pt 3,43 O-O 5,18
H-S 3,67 Nd-O 7,3
As seen from Tables 1 and 2, compounds with oxy-
gen, have the highest binding energy. Compounds
with hydrogen also constitute substantial amount
while the inert gases create dimers with a bond en-
ergy of not more than 0.45 eV . This is necessary to
take into account at heating and ionization of SNF
when gases are removed, the elements with high va-
por pressure and low ionization potential, and less
dissociation energies of molecules than that of ura-
nium oxides. Really the degassing process will be
more complex upon heating, and the temperature
may not correspond to the vapor pressure of many
simple compounds.
Fig.2 shows the melting and boiling points of ele-
ments with mass numbers from 2 to 254.
Fig.2. Melting and boiling points of elements(excluding gases)
In Figs. 3a, b, c - the same elements, but in
mass intervals a) 1...64, b) 176...260, c) FP. In Figure
3c short stretches between melting and evaporation
curves correspond to temperatures at which the va-
por pressure of the elements corresponds to the vapor
pressure of about 1 ∼ Torr, and the evaporation rate
is about 1 · 10−2g cm2c−1, which significantly affects
on operation of plasma source. The horizontal lines
on Fig.3, a, b, c show that when heated to these tem-
peratures, a considerable amount of impurities may
be removed from the spent nuclear fuel.
64
Fig.3. Melting and boiling points of elements with the division into three parts
(a – mass numbers from 1 to 64, b – mass numbers from 176 to 260, c – FP)
Figure 4 shows the ionization potentials of the
elements and the dissociation energies for elements
with mass numbers from 1 to 240. In Fig.4, b the
selected area for elements with atomic numbers 30 to
70, corresponding to FP, is shown. The solid horizon-
tal lines in both figures correspond to ionization po-
tentials and dissociation energies of uranium oxides.
Therefore, the elements having the smaller ionization
potentials and the smaller bond energy than that of
the uranium and its oxides can be removed from SNF
at heating and ionization.
65
Fig.4. Ionization potentials of the elements and the binding energy of the oxides
(a – for elements with atomic numbers from 1 to 240, b – for FP)
Fig.5. Dissociation energy of various oxides
66
Fig.6. The ionization potentials and binding
energies of oxides and elements: La, Ce, Nd, Zr,
Mo, Ca, W, U
Fig.5 shows the dissociation energy of FP oxides [6]
It is seen that a small amount of FP oxides have
dissociation energies close to the values of uranium
oxides. These substances are in the 4-shaded sections
which correspond to: first – Ge, second – Zr, Mo,
Nb, Tc, 3-rd and 4-th – the lanthanides – La, Ce,
Nd, Pr; Sm, Eu, Gd. However, FP from first and
the fourth sections have content of ∼ 10−3%, and
this admixture can be ignored. For this reason, the
refractory W , Os and Th can be ignored too (see
Fig.4a). Figure 5 shows that SNF separation from
FP of 2nd and 3rd sections by this principle is impos-
sible, and they will be in the mixture with actinide
oxides.
Thus, Zr, Mo, Nb, Tc, lanthanides and other
actinides remain in admixture with uranium oxide,
which is a working material for MP SNF separation
. In Figure 6 the bond energies and ionization po-
tentials are given for some of the above mentioned
elements. Among them are: Zr, Mo, Nb, and lan-
thanoids: La, Ce, Nd; and U . Ca and W are given
for comparison in a possible simulation. The figure
shows that the ionization potentials of uranium and
its oxides is less than the ionization potentials of lan-
thanide oxides and Zr, Mo, Nb. However, for a defi-
nite choice of the electron energy, Mo will is partially
ionized and very little Zr and lanthanides will be ion-
ized .
So, for simulation of MP SNF separation, it is ad-
visable to use the nonradioactive oxides of 238U , Zr,
Mo, Nb and lanthanides as a working material.
CONCLUSIONS
Heating and ionization of SNF allows to derive the
main amount of impurities (waste). After remov-
ing elements from SNF at the stages of heating and
ionization, except NF oxides limited amount of FP
oxides remain constituting molecular SNF plasma.
At the same time magnetoplasma separation of el-
ements by mass in a rotating plasma is necessary for
posttreatment of nuclear fuel from the fission prod-
ucts and can be carried out in separating mainly ox-
ides but not elements. The most suitable simulation
medium for MP SNF separation is oxide plasma of
species of 238U , Zr, Mo, Nb and lanthanides remain-
ing in spent fuel after heating and ionization.
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02314-3.
ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÌÎËÅÊÓËßÐÍÎÉ ÏËÀÇÌÛ ÎßÒ ÏÎÑËÅ ÍÀÃÐÅÂÀ È
ÈÎÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ
Â.Á.Þôåðîâ, Ñ.Â.Øàðûé, Â.Â.Êàòðå÷êî, Å.Â.Ìóôåëü, À.Ñ.Ñâè÷êàðü,
Â.Î.Èëüè÷îâà, Ñ.Í.Õèæíÿê
Ïðîâåäåí àíàëèç ìíîãîêîìïîíåíòíîãî ñîñòàâà îòðàáîòàííîãî ÿäåðíîãî òîïëèâà (ÎßÒ). Ðàññìîòðåíà
âîçìîæíîñòü î÷èñòêè ÎßÒ îò ïðîäóêòîâ äåëåíèÿ (ÏÄ) ïðè íàãðåâå, èñïàðåíèè è èîíèçàöèè (ïî ðàç-
ëè÷èþ ïîòåíöèàëîâ èîíèçàöèè è ýíåðãèé äèññîöèàöèè). Äàëüíåéøàÿ î÷èñòêà ÎßÒ îò ÏÄ ïðîâîäèòñÿ
ïëàçìåííûìè ìåòîäàìè. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî äëÿ èìèòàöèîííîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ î÷èñòêè ÎßÒ íà ýòîé ñòà-
äèè íàèáîëåå ïîäõîäÿùèì ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîñòàâ ïëàçìû íåðàäèîàêòèâíûõ îêèñëîâ 238U , Zr, Nb, Mo è
ëàíòàíîèäîâ.
ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒI ÌÎËÅÊÓËßÐÍÎ� ÏËÀÇÌÈ ÂßÏ ÏIÑËß ÍÀÃÐIÂÓ I IÎÍIÇÀÖI�
Â.Á.Þôåðîâ, Ñ.Â.Øàðèé, Â.Â.Êàòðå÷êî, Å.Â.Ìóôåëü, Î.Ñ.Ñâi÷êàð, Â.Î.Èëi÷üîâà,
Ñ.Ì.Õiæíÿê
Ïðîâåäåíî àíàëiç áàãàòîêîìïîíåíòíîãî ñêëàäó âiäïðàöüîâàíîãî ÿäåðíîãî ïàëèâà (ÂßÏ). Ðîçãëÿíóòî
ìîæëèâiñòü î÷èùåííÿ ÂßÏ âiä ïðîäóêòiâ äiëåííÿ (ÏÄ) ïðè íàãðiâàííi, âèïàðîâóâàííi i iîíiçàöi¨ (ïî
âiäìiííîñòi ïîòåíöiàëiâ iîíiçàöi¨ i åíåðãié äèñîöiàöi¨). Ïîäàëüøå î÷èùåííÿ ÂßÏ âiä ÏÄ ïðîâîäèòüñÿ
ïëàçìîâèìè ìåòîäàìè. Ïîêàçàíî, ùî äëÿ iìiòàöiéíîãî ìîäåëþâàííÿ î÷èùåííÿ ÂßÏ íà öié ñòàäi¨ íàé-
áiëüø ïiäõîäÿùèì ¹ ñêëàä ïëàçìè íåðàäiîàêòèâíèõ îêèñëiâ 238U , Zr, Nb, Mo i ëàíòàíî¨äiâ.
68
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80486 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T13:21:22Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Yuferov, V.B. Katrechko, V.V. Mufel, E.V. Svichkar, A.S. Ilichova, V.O. Khizhnyak, S.N. Shariy, S.V. 2015-04-18T14:19:02Z 2015-04-18T14:19:02Z 2014 Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization / V.B. Yuferov, S.V. Shariy, V.V. Katrechko, E.V. Mufel, A.S. Svichkar, V.O. Ilichova, S.N. Khizhnyak // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 5. — С. 63-68. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 621.039.624 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80486 The analysis of the multicomponent composition of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is presented. The possibility of SNF separation from the fission products (FP) upon heating, evaporation and ionization (at difference of the ionization potentials and dissociation energies) is considered. Further SNF posttreatment from FP is carried out by plasma methods. It is shown that for simulation of the SNF reprocessing in this stage the most appropriate medium is oxide plasma of nonradioactive ²³⁸U, Zr, Nb, Mo and lanthanides. Проведен анализ многокомпонентного состава отработанного ядерного топлива (ОЯТ). Рассмотрена возможность очистки ОЯТ от продуктов деления (ПД) при нагреве, испарении и ионизации (по различию потенциалов ионизации и энергий диссоциации). Дальнейшая очистка ОЯТ от ПД проводится плазменными методами. Показано, что для имитационного моделирования очистки ОЯТ на этой стадии наиболее подходящим является состав плазмы нерадиоактивных окислов ²³⁸U , Zr, Nb, Mo и лантаноидов. Проведено аналiз багатокомпонентного складу вiдпрацьованого ядерного палива (ВЯП). Розглянуто можливiсть очищення ВЯП вiд продуктiв дiлення (ПД) при нагрiваннi, випаровуваннi i iонiзацiї (по вiдмiнностi потенцiалiв iонiзацiї i енергiй дисоцiацiї). Подальше очищення ВЯП вiд ПД проводиться плазмовими методами. Показано, що для iмiтацiйного моделювання очищення ВЯП на цiй стадiї найбiльш пiдходящим є склад плазми нерадiоактивних окислiв ²³⁸U , Zr, Nb, Mo i лантаноїдiв. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization Особенности молекулярной плазмы ОЯТ после нагрева и ионизации Особливостi молекулярно. плазми ВЯП пiсля нагрiву i iонiзацi. Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization Yuferov, V.B. Katrechko, V.V. Mufel, E.V. Svichkar, A.S. Ilichova, V.O. Khizhnyak, S.N. Shariy, S.V. Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных |
| title | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization |
| title_alt | Особенности молекулярной плазмы ОЯТ после нагрева и ионизации Особливостi молекулярно. плазми ВЯП пiсля нагрiву i iонiзацi. |
| title_full | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization |
| title_fullStr | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization |
| title_short | Features of molecular plasma SNF after heating and ionization |
| title_sort | features of molecular plasma snf after heating and ionization |
| topic | Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных |
| topic_facet | Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80486 |
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