Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions
Light guides those have to shift the light of scintillator in a longer-wavelength region and collect this light on a photodetector are developed on the base of radiation resistant gel composition Sylgard-527. The luminescent molecules of POPOP(1, 4-bis-(2 (5-phenyloxazole))-benzene), PB (1, 4-diphen...
Збережено в:
| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
|---|---|
| Дата: | 2014 |
| Автори: | , , , , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
| Опубліковано: |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2014
|
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80488 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions / N.Z. Galunov, N.L. Karavaeva, S.U. Khabuseva, A.V. Krech, L.G. Levchuk, V.F. Popov, A.D. Samokhin, P.V. Sorokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 5. — С. 76-82. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859789235316326400 |
|---|---|
| author | Galunov, N.Z. Karavaeva, N.L. Khabuseva, S.U. Krech, A.V. Levchuk, L.G. Popov, V.F. Samokhin, A.D. Sorokin, P.V. |
| author_facet | Galunov, N.Z. Karavaeva, N.L. Khabuseva, S.U. Krech, A.V. Levchuk, L.G. Popov, V.F. Samokhin, A.D. Sorokin, P.V. |
| citation_txt | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions / N.Z. Galunov, N.L. Karavaeva, S.U. Khabuseva, A.V. Krech, L.G. Levchuk, V.F. Popov, A.D. Samokhin, P.V. Sorokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 5. — С. 76-82. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Light guides those have to shift the light of scintillator in a longer-wavelength region and collect this light on a photodetector are developed on the base of radiation resistant gel composition Sylgard-527. The luminescent molecules of POPOP(1, 4-bis-(2 (5-phenyloxazole))-benzene), PB (1, 4-diphenyl-1, 3-butadiene), or TP (p-terphenyl) were introduced in the composition. We study the total number of accounts S in the range of the spectrum, it relative value SR, the light transmittance T before and after irradiation. The best results were obtained with POPOP and TP.
Спектросмещающие световоды, которые позволяют смещать сигнал со сцинтиллятора в более длинноволновую область и передавать его фотоприемнику, были разработаны на основе радиационно-стойкой гель-композиции Sylgard-527. В качестве люминесцентных молекул в нее вводились молекулы РОРОР (1,4-бис-(2-(5-фенилоксазолил))-бензола), PB (1,4-дифенил-1,3-бутадиен), либо TP ( p-терфенила). Анализируется: количество отсчетов в диапазоне спектра люминесценции S, относительное значение этой величины SR, значение коэффициента пропускания до и после облучения. Наилучшие результаты получены для POPOP и TP.
Спектрозмiщуючи свiтловоди, якi дозволяють змiщувати сигнал сцинтилятору в бiльш довгохвильову область i передавати його до фотоприймача були розробленнi на основi радiацiйно-стiйкої гель композицiї Sylgard-527. В якостi люмiнесцентних молекул в неї вводились молекули РОРОР (1,4-бис- (2-(5-фенилоксазолил))-бензол) PB (1,4-дифенiл-1,3-бутадiєну), або TP (-терфенила). Проаналiзовано: кiлькiсть вiдлiкiв у дiапазонi спектра люмiнесценцiї S, вiдносне значення цiєї величини SR, значення коефiцiєнта пропускання до и пiсля опромiнення. Найкращi результати отриманi для POPOP и TP.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-02T11:23:40Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
LIGHT GUIDES ON THE BASE OF DIELECTRIC GEL
COMPOSITIONS
N.Z.Galunov1∗, N.L.Karavaeva1, S.U.Khabuseva2, A.V.Krech1,
L.G.Levchuk3, V.F.Popov3, A.D.Samokhin1, P.V.Sorokin3
1Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
60 Lenin Avenue, 61001, Kharkov, Ukraine;
2State Scientific Institution ”Institute for Single Crystals”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
60 Lenin Avenue, 61001, Kharkov, Ukraine;
3National Science Center ”Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”,
1 Akademicheskaya Str., 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine
(Received May 16, 2014)
Light guides those have to shift the light of scintillator in a longer-wavelength region and collect this light on
a photodetector are developed on the base of radiation resistant gel composition Sylgard-527. The luminescent
molecules of POPOP(1, 4-bis-(2 (5-phenyloxazole))-benzene), PB (1, 4-diphenyl-1, 3-butadiene), or TP (p-terphenyl)
were introduced in the composition. We study the total number of accounts S in the range of the spectrum, it relative
value SR, the light transmittance T before and after irradiation. The best results were obtained with POPOP and TP.
PACS: 42.88.+h, 81.05.Zx, 81.40.Wx
1. INTRODUCTION
Experiments which are planned or being car-
ried out at the new-generation high-luminosity par-
ticle and heavy-ion accelerators (such as the LHC at
CERN) are featured by the exposure of the detec-
tors and subdetectors (trackers, calorimeters, etc.)
to a high level of radiation doses. E.g. the hadron
calorimeter (HCAL) of the CMS detector has a sam-
pling structure with thin (4 mm thick plates of plas-
tic scintillator) being sandwiched between thick brass
layers. For the first 10 years of LHC operation, the
most ”critical” (closest to the interaction point) zones
of the CMS endcap HCAL (HE) are expected to
get the dose D up to 10 Mrad at the rate about
0.1 krad/hr. Furthermore, there are plans of grad-
ual increase of the LHC luminosity by the order of
magnitude in future. The CMS upgrade project [1]
describes the new detector version which would be
able to operate at the increased-luminosity LHC con-
ditions. The maximum dose accumulated in the CMS
HE ”critical” zones upon the LHC ultimate shutdown
is estimated in Ref. [1] as 30 Mrad. This sets very
hard requirements on the radiation tolerance of the
detector (in particular, on the HE scintillators and
light guides). Therefore, a development of materials
for radiation detectors with high radiation resistance
becomes an important problem.
A luminescent material is regarded as radiation-
resistant up to the dose of radiation D = DF , for
which its luminescence characteristic changes on a
half of it initial value (i.e. for value that is true for
D = 0) [2] (see p. 205). On the first step of the above
mentioned problem solution (i.e. the problem of the
development of a luminescent radiation-resistant ma-
terial) it is necessary to find a radiation resistance
material for the basis component of such a composi-
tion (or according to Birks terminology (see book [2],
p. 55) we have to use not basis component but ”main
constituent or solvent”). Our previous paper [3] gave
the answer on this question. We have investigated
the light transmittance T as a function of an inte-
grated radiation dose D for commercially available
silicone dielectric gels. It was namely SKTN-med
(20 Pa), SKTN-med (100 Pa), Sylgard-184, Sylgard-
186, Silgard-527, and SUREL-SL-1 [4, 5, 6]. The sam-
ples were irradiated by the electrons from accelerator
in the National Science Centre ”Kharkov Institute of
Physics and Technology”. The study was performed
up to integrated radiation doses equal to 90.6 Mrad.
It was shown that the T -values, practically, did not
change with increase in the radiation dose D. For the
light of wavelengths longer than 400 nm the reduc-
tion of the T -values did not exceed measurement er-
ror (namely 5%) up to D=90.6 Mrad. Some insignif-
icant increase in light transmittance T for some gels
(SKTN-med (20 Pa), SKTN-med (100 Pa), Silgard-
527, and SUREL-SL-1) was obtained. It can be
caused by the effect of a partial solid-state recrys-
tallization that appears as the result of the action of
ionizing radiation. It is known [7] that the improve-
∗Corresponding author E-mail address: galunov@isma.kharkov.ua
76 ISSN 1562-6016. PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2014, N5 (93).
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (63), p.76-82.
ment of structure perfection can lead to reduction of a
dispersion of light photons and therefore to increase
in a transparency of a material. It should be also
note that the dielectric gels can be used in the wide
range of working temperatures, they do not chemi-
cally react with the materials used in a scintillation
technique, they are non-hygroscopic, and they pos-
sess high transparency in the range of a luminescence
of a lot of scintillation materials [3, 4, 5, 6].
In some instances a luminescent material can be
used as a light guide that shifts the light of scintil-
lator in a longer-wavelength region and collects this
light on a photodetector. The approaches to develop
a light-shifter light guide and an organic scintillator
are different.
The concentration of luminescent centres C1 in
scintillator has to be high. Really, the ionizing ra-
diation loses it energy mainly in the base mate-
rial. The probability of energy transfer from excited
molecules of a scintillator base material to lumines-
cent molecules is equal to
W (r) = P0(R0/r)
2m, (1)
where P0 is a probability of electronic excitation
(or molecular exciton for crystals) to decay without
transfer, R0 is a representative radius of the excita-
tion (exciton) capture, r is the distance of the trans-
fer. E.g. for dipole-dipole excitation energy transfer
m = 3, for dipole-quadrupole energy transfer m = 4,
etc. For Forster – Galanin excitation energy trans-
fer mechanism (which is correct e.g. for scintillation
plastics) R0 is called the Forster radius. The elec-
tronic energy excitation transfer would be effective
when r < R0. It means that the values of C1 have to
be high.
Other specifications are applicable for radiative
transfer of light that travels through a light guide
of length l. Due to light collection and reabsorption
the intensity of the light decreases from its primary
value I0 to a value I. If a concentration C2 of lu-
minescent molecules in such a light guide is not too
high then the change in I-value can be describe by
the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law
I = I0exp(−kλl), (2)
where kλ = χlC2 and χl is a factor that character-
izes the effect of the light of the wave-length λ on a
luminescent molecule. So, if a scintillator emits the
light of a wave-length λ1, luminescent molecules of a
light guide absorb this light and then emit the light
photons of a wave-length λ2 in such a case to obtain a
light guide with low light loss the following relations
have to be satisfied
λ2 > λ1;C2 ≪ C1 . (3)
It means that the concentration C2 of lumines-
cent molecules in a light guide, which can be used as
a shifter, has to be low. To develop the composite
scintillators (see e.g. Ref. [8, 9]) the single crystal lu-
minescent grains (C1 is 100%) have to be introduced
in a gel. In contrast to papers [8, 9] this paper is de-
voted to study the other limiting case namely ”dye-
ing” of a gel-composition when the concentration of
luminescent molecules C2 has to be low. It should
be note that such a gel-composition has to have ex-
tremely low scintillation light yield to not corrupt
the scintillation signal. According to (1) this require-
ment can be realized just if condition (3) is satisfied,
namely a concentration C2 of luminescent molecules
in a such a dyeing gel-composition has to be low.
Herein after let us call such the dyeing gel-
composition as the ”shifter”.
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
2.1. Shifters preparation
In this work we use the silicone dielectric gel
Sylgard-527 as the base material for shifters [3, 5, 6].
As the luminescent molecules, which have to shift
the scintillation light to a longer-wavelength re-
gion, we used POPOP(1, 4-bis-(2 (5-phenyloxazole))-
benzene), PB (1, 4-diphenyl-1, 3-butadiene), or TP
(p-terphenyl).
The molecules of such a light shifter were in-
troduced in dielectric gel according to the following
technique. Firstly, we dissolve a sample of lumines-
cent shifter molecules in toluene. After that the nec-
essary amount of the toluene solution is introduced
in the first component of a gel. The excess solvent
(toluene) is removed. Then the second component
of the dielectric gel is added. The gel composition is
carefully mixed, and after that it is introduced into
a forming container, in which it left up to complete
polymerization of the gel composition. As the result,
the shifter is obtained and can be taken from the
forming container.
2.2. Irradiation of the samples
As in our previous work [3] the samples were ir-
radiated by the electron accelerator of the National
Science Centre ”Kharkov Institute of Physics and
Technology” by the electrons with the energy about
9.2 MeV at the room temperature. During irradia-
tion the radiation dose rate was practically uniform
and was equal to 0.23±0.01 Mrad/h. Inhomogene-
ity of irradiation of the samples did not exceed 5%.
The samples were, consistently (by one sample of
each type), exposed to radiation until they accumu-
lated the necessary integrated radiation dose. To
control radiation doses with an accuracy of ±10%
HARWELL Red 4034 plastic dosimeters were used.
Details one can find in [3].
2.3. Measurements of scintillation light yield
The set of gamma sources allowed us to calibrate
the energy scale of the measuring setup. We used a
single crystal of stilbene as the reference for shifters.
Comparison of scintillation signals excited by pho-
tons of gamma-radiation from radionuclide source
77
137Cs (662 keV) was made for reference scintillator
and other samples. We run the measurements us-
ing conversion electrons from 137Cs (622 keV) and
alpha-particles from 239Pu (5.15 MeV). It allows us to
obtain the relative scintillation light yield for shifters.
2.4. Measurements of luminescence spectra
The luminescent spectra were measured by spec-
trofluorimeter Varian Cary Eclipse using stable flux
of an exciting light. Nevertheless for different wave-
length λ the intensities of the exciting light can differ.
Therefore the direct comparison of an efficiency of the
process of light transformation in shifter for different
range of a spectrum is not correct. Such a compari-
son can be done only for the cases of same excitation
spectra. To characterise the general influence of ra-
diation on a luminescence spectrum ( Fig.1) we cal-
culated the total number of accounts in the range of
the spectrum between wavelength λS (”start” point
of the spectrum) and λF (”final” point the spectrum).
360 400 440 480 520 560 600
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
S 0,015%
no irradiation
5 Mrad
10 Mrad
15 Mrad
20 Mrad
In
te
ns
ity
o
f l
um
in
es
ce
nc
e,
a
b.
un
.
Wavelenght , nm
F
Fig.1. Luminescence spectra of POPOP (0.015%)
in Sylgard-527 for different accumulated doses of ra-
diation D
So, we obtained the following value
S =
λF∑
λS
N(λ), (4)
whereN(λ) is the number of counts in a luminescence
spectrum obtained for wavelength λ. The values of
λS and λF were not changed for a series of the mea-
surements for samples with of the same luminescent
molecules, i.e. when the excitation spectra were the
same. The S-value characters an efficiency of the
process of light transformation in shifter.
Let SR denote the relative value of S (4). We use
the following definition of the SR-value. If an S(D)
is the S-value obtained for a given dose of irradia-
tion D, and S(0) is the S-value obtained for dose of
irradiation D=0 then:
SR ≡ S(D)/S(0) . (5)
Just the SR-value directly characterizes the ra-
diation resistance of a material. For SR ≥ 0.5 the
material is still radiation resistant (see book [2],
p. 205).
2.5. Measurements of transmittance
The measurements of light transmittance T in
the range from 300 to 700 nm were performed by
Shimadzu-2450 spectrophotometer with the integrat-
ing sphere. The comparison channel remained blank
and the light flux in it was calibrated to be the same
as the light flux falling on a sample in measuring
channel. The inaccuracy of the calibration was lim-
ited by 0.5%. The value of light transmittance T was
calculated as follows:
T = (I/I0) · 100%, (6)
where I0 is the light flux in comparison channel, I
is the light flux, which has passed through a sample
in measuring channel. Actually, the T -value (6) is
a relative light transmittance, where T = 100% it is
light transmittance of air.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The luminescent spectra and the light transmit-
tance T were measured according to techniques those
were described in the subsections 2.4 and 2.5 respec-
tively. For all the samples the light yield does not
exceed a few percent of the light yield of a stilbene
single crystal.
3.1. POPOP in Sylgard-527
The luminescence of the shifters was excited
by light of wavelength λEx=360 nm. Fig.1 shows
the luminescence spectra of POPOP in Sylgard-527
for concentration of POPOP CPOPOP=0.015%. It
also demonstrates the choice of λS=375 nm and
λF=575 nm for the case of POPOP. The S-values
increase with concentration of CPOPOP up to 0.01%.
For CPOPOP=0.015% the S-value reduces. In should
be note that for CPOPOP=0.015% a weak tendency
to form a crystallization phase of POPOP inside the
gel composition is observed (see Fig.1).
The luminescence spectra practically do not
change after irradiation for the samples those contain
POPOP. Only the intensities of their lines slightly
change. For D=5 Mrad (dash line) the intensity in-
creases, and for the higher dozes they have a very
weak tendency (within the experimental error) to de-
crease with D.
Fig.2 shows SR be plotted against the dose
of irradiation D. Fig.2 demonstrates that for
doses up to 20 Mrad the samples contain POPOP
are enough proof against the action of radiation.
78
0 5 10 15 20
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
D, Mrad
0.001% POPOP
0.002% POPOP
0.004% POPOP
0.010% POPOP
0.015% POPOP
S R
, r
el
.u
n.
Fig.2. SR (5) against D for different concentration
of POPOP in Sylgard-527
320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680
0
20
40
60
80
100
380 nm
R
el
at
iv
e
lig
ht
tr
an
sm
itt
an
ce
T
, %
Wavelength , nm
no irradiation
5.12 Mrad
10 Mrad
15 Mrad
20 Mrad
0.01%
Fig.3. Relative light transmittance T of the sample
contains 0.01% POPOP in Sylgard-527 as a function
of wavelength λ for different D
320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wavelength , nm
R
el
at
iv
e
lig
ht
tr
an
sm
itt
an
ce
T
, % 380
no irradiation
5.12 Mrad
10 Mrad
15 Mrad
20 Mrad
0.015%
Fig.4. Relative light transmittance T of the sample
contains 0.015% POPOP in Sylgard-527 as a func-
tion of wavelength λ for different D
Figs.3 and 4 shows the change in the relative light
transmittance T with λ for CPOPOP equal to 0.01%
and 0.015% respectively. In the region of the lumi-
nescence (λ > 380 nm) T -value practically does not
change with dose D. It means that the probability
of a colour centre formation is very low. It is typical
situation for all the samples. For λ < 380 nm one can
see that the T -values increase with the dose of radi-
ation D. Transmittance T increases with absorption
decrease. It means that the concentration of POPOP
molecules which are not damaged by radiation de-
creases with the dose increase. It should be note that
the change of T -value does not exceed 15%. For low
concentrations of POPOP (not exceeds 0.01%) the
dependence that Fig.3 demonstrates is typical.
3.2. PB in Sylgard-527
The luminescence of the shifters contains PB was
excited by light of wavelength λEx=360 nm. With
increase of PB concentration the S-value (4) has
the same tendency to grow like in the case of the
gel-compositions contain POPOP. Fig.5 shows the
change in the relative intensity of luminescence SR
with integrated radiation dose D. For the gel com-
positions containing PB the values of λS and λF
were taken equal to 375 nm and 575 nm, respectively.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2,0
2,4
2,8
S R
, r
el
.u
n.
D, Mrad
0,0004% PB
0,001% PB
0,005% PB
0,01% PB
0,02% PB
Fig.5. SR (5) against D for different concentration
of PB in Sylgard-527
Fig.5 demonstrates that for doses up to 5 Mrad
the samples containing PB (barring the sample with
0.02% PB) are enough proof against the action of ra-
diation For PB concentration 0.02% a weak tendency
to form a crystallization phase of PB was observed.
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wavelength , nm
R
el
at
iv
e
lig
ht
tr
an
sm
itt
an
ce
T
, %
0
5
0,02% DB
Fig.6. Relative light transmittance T of the sample
contains 0.02% PB in Sylgard-527 as a function of
wavelength λ
The measurements of the relative light transmit-
tance T has shown the following. In the region of the
luminescence (λ > 360 nm) T -value practically does
not change with dose. It means that the probability
of a colour centre formation is very low. In the ab-
79
sorption band of PB molecules (λ < 360 nm) one can
see that the T -values increase after irradiation. It
means that the concentration of PB molecules those
are not damaged by radiation decreases after irra-
diation. Unlike the case of POPOP the change of
T -value is high (see Fig.6). The highest difference
in T -values before and after irradiation was for the
sample with highest concentration of PB (0.02%).
Fig.6. demonstrates that this difference, which ap-
pears in the absorption band. It is about 50%. Such
the difference decreases with concentration of PB.
For 0.0004% PB in gel-composition (which is min-
imal concentration of in our study) this difference
does not exceed 20%. Nevertheless such the value
obtained for D=5 Mrad exceeds the analogous val-
ues those were obtained for D=20 Mrad with the
samples contain POPOP.
3.3. TP in Sylgard-527
The luminescence of the shifters contain TP
was excited by light of wavelength λEx=280 nm.
Fig.7 shows the luminescence spectra of shifters
contain 0.01% TP. It also demonstrates the choice
of λS=300 nm and λF=500 nm, which were used
to calculate the S-values (4). The S-value ob-
tained for different shifters grows with increase of
TP concentration CTP up to 0.01%. For CTP -
values higher than 0.01% a tendency to form a
crystallization phase of TP inside the gel com-
position is observed and the luminescence falls.
280 320 360 400 440 480 520
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
F3
1
20,01% TP
In
te
ns
ity
(a
.u
.)
Wavelength (nm)
0 Mrad
5 Mrad
10 Mrad
15 Mrad
S
Fig.7. Luminescence spectra of TP (0.01%) in
Sylgard-527 for different accumulated doses of
radiation D
Fig.7 demonstrates the luminescence spectra of
TP (0.01%) in Sylgard-527 for different accumu-
lated doses of radiation D. For D=0 (solid line)
one can see the main peaks those are characteris-
tic for TP, namely the luminescence in the regions
of λ1=360...365 nm and λ2=380...390 nm. For doze
of D=5 Mrad (dash line) the luminescence spectra
practically do not change after irradiation. Only the
intensity for λ > λ2 slightly grows after irradiation.
For dozes 10 and 15 Mrad the luminescence in the
regions of λ1 and λ2 decreases with D-value increase.
This is accompanied by the growth of the lumines-
cence intensity in the region of λ3=450...460 nm (see
Fig.7). For all the D-values the total effect of irra-
diation results in some increase of the luminescence
intensity, and therefore the S-value has the tendency
to grow with integrated radiation dose D.
Fig.8 shows the change in the relative intensity
of luminescence SR with integrated radiation dose D
for the gel compositions with TP. Fig.8 also demon-
strates that for doses up to 15 Mrad the samples con-
taining TP are enough proof against the action of
radiation. On can see some increase of SR with D.
The measurements of the relative light transmit-
tance T (Fig.9) gave the following results. In the
region of the luminescence (λ > 360 nm) the T -value
practically does not change with dose D. It means
that the probability of a colour centre formation is
extremely low for TP in gel-composition as well. In
the absorption band (λ < 360 nm) the T -value de-
creases, i.e. the absorption increases with growth of
the dose of radiation. The change of T -value in the
region of absorption band for the gel-compositions
with CTP up to 0.01% does not exceed 15% ... 18%.
0 5 10 15 20
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
S R
, r
el
.u
n.
D, Mrad
0,005% TP
0,01% TP
Fig.8. SR (5) against D for concentrations 0.005%
and 0.01% of TP in Sylgard-527
The comparison of the data those were obtained
from the measurements of luminescence and light
transmission may result in the following explanation.
The luminescence of TP in Sylgard-527 is caused by
many factors. The result of their coaction largely de-
pends on the change of the chemical composition of
a sample that originates from action of ionizing radi-
ation.
For low doze of irradiation (D=5 Mrad) the con-
centration of TP molecules, which are not damage
by radiation, may decrease extremely slowly in com-
parison with a decrease of the concentration of impu-
rity molecules. They have to be such a type of im-
purity molecules those quench the TP luminescence.
It accompany by weak generation of some other lu-
minescent centres with luminescence in the range of
λ3=450...460 nm (see Fig.7).
The action of the larger D-valued (10 and
15 Mrad) on TP molecules can result in ap-
preciable production the other luminescent cen-
tres with luminescence in the range of λ3.
80
320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680
0
20
40
60
80
100
no irradiation
5 Mrad
10 Mrad
15 Mrad
Wavelength, nm
R
el
at
iv
e
lig
ht
tr
an
sm
itt
an
ce
T
, % 0.01% TP
Fig.9. Relative light transmittance T of the sample
contains 0.01% TP in Sylgard-527 as a function of
wavelength λ for different D
This type of centres has to have a very effective lumi-
nescence because the luck of the luminescence of TP
molecules has to be compensated by their lumines-
cence. Such the explanation is in a good agreement
with the results obtained for SR values, namely SR
slightly growth with D (see Fig. 8). Nevertheless
this interesting result has to be investigated more
carefully.
4. CONCLUSIONS
1. Many factors influence on the resulting mech-
anism of the luminescence process in a shifter and on
it properties. The result of such the influence is not
same for different compositions.
2. The examples of POPOP and TP in Sylgard-
527 have shown that it is possible to obtain the as ra-
diation resistant materials for shifters by dyeing the
gel-composition.
3. Introduction of PB in Sylgard-527 demon-
strates that such a problem is not trivial and could
not be solved for each combination of the materials.
4. With increase of the concentration of lumines-
cent molecules in gel-composition the S-value (4) has
the tendency to grow.
5. For high concentration of luminescent
molecules when the tendency to form their crystal-
lization phase inside the gel composition takes place
the S-value (4) decreases.
6. Molecules of POPOP and TP absorb the
violet light. It will be interesting to develop the gel-
compositions those absorb the light in blue region.
We will discuss this problem in our future works.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by the State Fund
for Fundamental Research of Ukraine (project No.
F58/06, ”The effect of large radiation doses on scintil-
lation and optical properties of novel types of organic
detectors”).
References
1. CMS Collaboration, Technical proposal for the
upgrade of the CMS detector through 2020,
CERN-LHCC-2011-006, CMS-UG-TP-1, LHCC-
P-004, CERN, Geneva, 2011.
2. J.B.Birks. The theory and practice of scintilla-
tion counting, Oxford, London: ”Pergamon Press
Ltd”. 1967, 662 p. (p. 55, 205).
3. A.Yu.Boyarintsev, N.Z.Galunov,
N.L.Karavaeva, A.V.Krech, I.V. Lazarev,
L.G. Levchuk, T.A.Nepokupnaya,
V.D.Panikarskaya, V.F. Popov, P.V. Sorokin,
O.A.Tarasenko. Study of radiation-resistant
gel bases for composite detectors // Functional
Materials. 2013, v. 20, N6, p. 471–476.
4. M. Schatz. Silikonovy Kaucuk (in Czech). SNTL-
Nakladatelstvi Technicke Literatury, Praha 1975.
5. Information about Dow Corning brand Silicone
Encapsulates. http://bdml.stanford.edu/...
.../twiki/pub/Rise/PDMSProceSS/...
.../PDMSdatasheet.pdf.
6. OSTEK Materials. Dow Corning 527 silicone di-
electric gel. http://www.ostec-materials.ru/...
.../materials/dow-corning-527silikonovyy-
dielektricheskiy-gel.php.
7. N.Z.Galunov, V.P. Seminozhenko,
A.M. Stepanenko. Electronic processes and
radioluminescence for crystalline systems with
different structure perfection // Molecular
Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2001, v. 361, N1,
p. 287–292.
8. N.Z.Galunov, B.V.Grinyov, N.L.Karavaeva
J.K.Kim, Y.K.Kim, O.A.Tarasenko,
E.V.Martynenko. Development of new com-
posite scintillation materials based on organic
crystalline grains // IEEE Transactions on
Nuclear Sciences. 2009, v. 56, N3, p. 904-910.
9. S.K. Lee, J.B. Son, K.H. Jo, B.H.Kang,
G.D.Kim, H. Seo, S.H. Park, N.Z.Galunov,
Y.K.Kim. Development of large-area composite
stilbene scintillator for fast neutron detection
// Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology.
2014, v. 51, N1, p. 37-47.
81
ÑÂÅÒÎÂÎÄÛ ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ ÄÈÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÃÅËÜ-ÊÎÌÏÎÇÈÖÈÉ
Í.Ç.Ãàëóíîâ, Í.Ë.Êàðàâàåâà, Ñ.Ó.Õàáóñåâà, À.Â.Êðå÷, Ë.Ã.Ëåâ÷óê,
Â.Ô.Ïîïîâ, À.Ä.Ñàìîõèí, Ï.Â.Ñîðîêèí
Ñïåêòðîñìåùàþùèå ñâåòîâîäû, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëÿþò ñìåùàòü ñèãíàë ñî ñöèíòèëëÿòîðà â áîëåå äëèííî-
âîëíîâóþ îáëàñòü è ïåðåäàâàòü åãî ôîòîïðèåìíèêó, áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû íà îñíîâå ðàäèàöèîííî-ñòîéêîé
ãåëü-êîìïîçèöèè Sylgard-527.  êà÷åñòâå ëþìèíåñöåíòíûõ ìîëåêóë â íåå ââîäèëèñü ìîëåêóëû ÐÎÐÎÐ
(1,4-áèñ-(2-(5-ôåíèëîêñàçîëèë))-áåíçîëà), PB (1,4-äèôåíèë-1,3-áóòàäèåí), ëèáî TP (p-òåðôåíèëà). Àíà-
ëèçèðóåòñÿ: êîëè÷åñòâî îòñ÷åòîâ â äèàïàçîíå ñïåêòðà ëþìèíåñöåíöèè S, îòíîñèòåëüíîå çíà÷åíèå ýòîé
âåëè÷èíû SR, çíà÷åíèå êîýôôèöèåíòà ïðîïóñêàíèÿ äî è ïîñëå îáëó÷åíèÿ. Íàèëó÷øèå ðåçóëüòàòû ïî-
ëó÷åíû äëÿ POPOP è TP.
ÑÂIÒËÎÂÎÄÈ ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂI ÄIÅËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÍÈÕ ÃÅËÜ-ÊÎÌÏÎÇÈÖIÉ
Ì.Ç.Ãàëóíîâ, Í.Ë.Êàðàâà¹âà, Ñ.Ó.Õàáóñ¹âà, À.Â.Êðå÷, Ë.Ã.Ëåâ÷óê,
Â.Ï.Ïîïîâ, À.Ä.Ñàìîõií, Ï.Â.Ñîðîêií
Ñïåêòðîçìiùóþ÷è ñâiòëîâîäè, ÿêi äîçâîëÿþòü çìiùóâàòè ñèãíàë ñöèíòèëÿòîðó â áiëüø äîâãîõâèëüî-
âó îáëàñòü i ïåðåäàâàòè éîãî äî ôîòîïðèéìà÷à áóëè ðîçðîáëåííi íà îñíîâi ðàäiàöiéíî-ñòiéêî¨ ãåëü
êîìïîçèöi¨ Sylgard-527.  ÿêîñòi ëþìiíåñöåíòíèõ ìîëåêóë â íå¨ ââîäèëèñü ìîëåêóëè ÐÎÐÎÐ (1,4-áèñ-
(2-(5-ôåíèëîêñàçîëèë))-áåíçîë) PB (1,4-äèôåíië-1,3-áóòàäi¹íó), àáî TP (-òåðôåíèëà). Ïðîàíàëiçîâàíî:
êiëüêiñòü âiäëiêiâ ó äiàïàçîíi ñïåêòðà ëþìiíåñöåíöi¨ S, âiäíîñíå çíà÷åííÿ öi¹¨ âåëè÷èíè SR, çíà÷åííÿ
êîåôiöi¹íòà ïðîïóñêàííÿ äî è ïiñëÿ îïðîìiíåííÿ. Íàéêðàùi ðåçóëüòàòè îòðèìàíi äëÿ POPOP è TP.
82
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80488 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-02T11:23:40Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Galunov, N.Z. Karavaeva, N.L. Khabuseva, S.U. Krech, A.V. Levchuk, L.G. Popov, V.F. Samokhin, A.D. Sorokin, P.V. 2015-04-18T14:23:12Z 2015-04-18T14:23:12Z 2014 Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions / N.Z. Galunov, N.L. Karavaeva, S.U. Khabuseva, A.V. Krech, L.G. Levchuk, V.F. Popov, A.D. Samokhin, P.V. Sorokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2014. — № 5. — С. 76-82. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 42.88.+h, 81.05.Zx, 81.40.Wx https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80488 Light guides those have to shift the light of scintillator in a longer-wavelength region and collect this light on a photodetector are developed on the base of radiation resistant gel composition Sylgard-527. The luminescent molecules of POPOP(1, 4-bis-(2 (5-phenyloxazole))-benzene), PB (1, 4-diphenyl-1, 3-butadiene), or TP (p-terphenyl) were introduced in the composition. We study the total number of accounts S in the range of the spectrum, it relative value SR, the light transmittance T before and after irradiation. The best results were obtained with POPOP and TP. Спектросмещающие световоды, которые позволяют смещать сигнал со сцинтиллятора в более длинноволновую область и передавать его фотоприемнику, были разработаны на основе радиационно-стойкой гель-композиции Sylgard-527. В качестве люминесцентных молекул в нее вводились молекулы РОРОР (1,4-бис-(2-(5-фенилоксазолил))-бензола), PB (1,4-дифенил-1,3-бутадиен), либо TP ( p-терфенила). Анализируется: количество отсчетов в диапазоне спектра люминесценции S, относительное значение этой величины SR, значение коэффициента пропускания до и после облучения. Наилучшие результаты получены для POPOP и TP. Спектрозмiщуючи свiтловоди, якi дозволяють змiщувати сигнал сцинтилятору в бiльш довгохвильову область i передавати його до фотоприймача були розробленнi на основi радiацiйно-стiйкої гель композицiї Sylgard-527. В якостi люмiнесцентних молекул в неї вводились молекули РОРОР (1,4-бис- (2-(5-фенилоксазолил))-бензол) PB (1,4-дифенiл-1,3-бутадiєну), або TP (-терфенила). Проаналiзовано: кiлькiсть вiдлiкiв у дiапазонi спектра люмiнесценцiї S, вiдносне значення цiєї величини SR, значення коефiцiєнта пропускання до и пiсля опромiнення. Найкращi результати отриманi для POPOP и TP. This work was supported by the State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine (project No. F58/06, ”The effect of large radiation doses on scintillation and optical properties of novel types of organic detectors”). en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions Световоды на основе диэлектрических гель-композиций Свiтловоди на основi дiелектричних гель-композицiй Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions Galunov, N.Z. Karavaeva, N.L. Khabuseva, S.U. Krech, A.V. Levchuk, L.G. Popov, V.F. Samokhin, A.D. Sorokin, P.V. Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных |
| title | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions |
| title_alt | Световоды на основе диэлектрических гель-композиций Свiтловоди на основi дiелектричних гель-композицiй |
| title_full | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions |
| title_fullStr | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions |
| title_short | Light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions |
| title_sort | light guides on the base of dielectric gel compositions |
| topic | Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных |
| topic_facet | Ядерно-физические методы и обработка данных |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80488 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT galunovnz lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT karavaevanl lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT khabusevasu lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT krechav lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT levchuklg lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT popovvf lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT samokhinad lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT sorokinpv lightguidesonthebaseofdielectricgelcompositions AT galunovnz svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT karavaevanl svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT khabusevasu svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT krechav svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT levchuklg svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT popovvf svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT samokhinad svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT sorokinpv svetovodynaosnovediélektričeskihgelʹkompozicii AT galunovnz svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii AT karavaevanl svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii AT khabusevasu svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii AT krechav svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii AT levchuklg svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii AT popovvf svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii AT samokhinad svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii AT sorokinpv svitlovodinaosnovidielektričnihgelʹkompozicii |