The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials
The communication is devoted to description of a test facility for research of ultrasonic vibrations impact on physical and mechanical properties of constructional materials in course of the plastic deformation at various deformation rates in vacuum. Principal scheme and description of created ultra...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2005
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| Zitieren: | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials / A.S. Bakai, S.A. Bakai, G.N. Malik, V.M. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.A. Emlyaninov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 4. — С. 104-107. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860025444811669504 |
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| author | Bakai, A.S. Bakai, S.A. Malik, G.N. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.M. Emlyaninov, V.A. |
| author_facet | Bakai, A.S. Bakai, S.A. Malik, G.N. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.M. Emlyaninov, V.A. |
| citation_txt | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials / A.S. Bakai, S.A. Bakai, G.N. Malik, V.M. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.A. Emlyaninov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 4. — С. 104-107. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The communication is devoted to description of a test facility for research of ultrasonic vibrations impact on physical and mechanical properties of constructional materials in course of the plastic deformation at various deformation rates in vacuum. Principal scheme and description of created ultrasonic mechanical test facility (UMTF) are presented. Results of pilot tests obtained in course of the technique adjustment are included and discussed.
Це повідомлення присвячене опису засобу дослідження ультразвукового впливу на фізико-механічні властивості конструкційних матеріалів в ході пластичної деформації при різноманітних температурно-швидкісних режимах в вакуумі. Приводиться принципова схема та опис новітньо створеної експериментальної установки, що дозволить проводити дослідження матеріалів цим засобом. Подані результати тестових випробувань, які отримані в ході відпрацювання методики.
Настоящее сообщение посвящено описанию метода исследования ультразвукового воздействия на физико-механические свойства конструкционных материалов в ходе пластической деформации при различных температурно-скоростных режимах в вакууме. Приводится принципиальная схема и описание вновь созданной экспериментальной установки позволяющей проводить исследования материалов этим методом. Представлены результаты тестирующих испытаний, полученные в ходе отработки методики.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:49:17Z |
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THE ULTRASONIC MECHANICAL TEST FACILITY FOR RESEARCH
OF IMPACT ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS ON MECHANICAL PROPER
TIES OF MATERIALS
A.S. Bakai, S.A. Bakai, G.N. Malik, V.M. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.A. Emlyaninov
NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: bakai@kipt.kharkov.ua; http://www.kipt.kharkov.ua
The communication is devoted to description of a test facility for research of ultrasonic vibrations impact on
physical and mechanical properties of constructional materials in course of the plastic deformation at various defor
mation rates in vacuum. Principal scheme and description of created ultrasonic mechanical test facility (UMTF) are
presented. Results of pilot tests obtained in course of the technique adjustment are included and discussed.
1. INTRODUCTION
For many reasons it is very important to study im
pact of different types of external high-energy influence
on constructional material properties. First of all, this
matter should be considered from the point of view of
specifying opportunity of using certain material in those
conditions where it can appear during its operation. It is
well known that severe working conditions of many nu
clear power plants being under impact of different types
of high-energy irradiation are the cause of their prema
ture partial or full failure.
On the other hand, this matter can be considered
from the point of view of opportunity of preliminary use
of various types of high-energy impact on structure for
mation process and material properties at different
stages of their production and processing in order to
improve needed properties. One of the possible types of
such impact is the ultrasonic irradiation. Many experi
mental research results of ultrasonic impact on metal
and alloy properties are stored. The significant part of
these results is submitted in the well known monograph
[1]. Microscopic mechanisms of ultrasonic impact on
diffusion in solid materials are investigated in theoreti
cal works [2, 3]. Nevertheless this field of researches is
still interesting and promising for fundamentals and ap
plications.
A number of technological techniques widely used
in various branches of industry is developed on the basis
of the created database. For example, ultrasound is used
during thermal processing of materials. In this case, ul
trasound initiates segregation of hardening phases, facil
itates martensite transformations which is accompanied
by increase of strength of the constructional materials
[4-7]. There are many examples of ultrasound impact on
material properties, however, it is not the high time to
speak that this matter is thoroughly investigated.
Modern technologies using has allowed to develop
and create a number of new, prospective materials dur
ing last years. Family of Hastelloys, multicomponent
metalllic glasses and others are regarded as advanced
materials. An investigation of ultrasound impact on
physical and mechanical properties of these materials
has not been carried out so far.
2. THE GOAL OF THE WORK
The goal of the done work was to create the UMTF
intended to investigate the impact of ultrasonic vibra
tions on physical and mechanical properties of construc
tional materials in a wide temperature – deformation
rate range in vacuum. In particular, in order to investi
gate role of the ultrasound on properties of the Hastel
loys which are candidates to be used in the molten salt
nuclear reactors. To some extend, ultrasound can imitate
the so-called “radiating shaking” [8] which is influence
on diffusion of short-wave phonons generated at relax
ation of unstable Frankel pairs and replacements of
atoms under irradiation [8].
3. EQUIPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL
TECHNIQUE
The created UMTF for deformation of construction
al materials at ultrasonic vibrations impact includes:
− loading device equipped with electric motor, con
verter of rotation frequency of electric motor, reduc
tion system, dynamometer system and captures;
− vacuum system consisting of vacuum chamber, fore
vacuum and diffusion pumps;
− ultrasonic system consisting of ultrasonic generator,
magnetostriction transformer and concentrator of ul
trasound;
− system of material samples heating in vacuum;
− general cooling system;
− recording system;
− instrument stand with control panel.
It is possible to carry out material research on
UMTF:
− in atmosphere and vacuum conditions;
− in conditions of compression and tension deforma
tion (reverser is provided for compression);
_________________________________________________________________________________
104 ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2005. №.4.
Серия: Физика радиационных повреждений и радиационное материаловедение (87), с. 104-107.
http://www.kipt.kharkov.ua/
mailto:bakai@kipt.kharkov.ua
− in a temperature range from ~77 up to ~1500 K; − in a wide temperature range of deformation from
0,01 up to 4 mm/min.
The following units are designated on the
scheme:
1. Water jacket.
2. Magnetostrictive converter.
3. Ultrasound concentration.
4. Specimen of investigated material rigidly
adjusted to ultrasound concentrator.
5. Vacuum furnace; refrigerator installation
is provided to carry out low-temperature
tests.
6. Flange with input lead.
7. Power arresting device.
8. Dynamometer with piezosensors of pow
er.
9. Sylphon.
10.Warm reduction gearbox.
11.Kinematic scheme of reduction system.
12.Feed spindle.
13.Dynamometer with piezosensors of de
formation.
14. Diffusion vacuum pump.
Fig. 1. Scheme of the UMTF for mechanical tests under ultrasonic impact
The mechanical part of the facility consists of active
capture drive of poses 10 which is a warm reduction
gearbox of speed with step of feed spindle pos. 12 - 3
mm that is situated in the tower of the facility. Loading
is carried out within the limits of two ranges of fixed
speed each one representing a number of lowering steps
with big transfer number. Besides, in each range there is
an opportunity of smooth adjustment of specimen load
ing by changing industrial frequency of voltage driving
the engine with the help of the frequency converter.
Switching of speed ranges of active capture is car
ried out manually by moving pinion installed on the top
socle plane. The drive feed spindle is connected to the
facility capture chain via (through) vacuum condensa
tion of sylphon type pos. 9. Deformation gage pos. 13,
feed spindle pos. 12 and power gage pos. 8 (dynamome
ter with piezosensor installed on it) are installed in suc
cession from the bottom upwards on the socle of the fa
cility. Power piezosensor, installed on a dynamometer,
perceives test loading and transfers data on its dimen
sion to a recording equipment installed outside the facil
ity.
The power piezosensor is shielded by screens locat
ed on capture chain in order to prevent its heating.
The sample pos. 4 fixed in captures is located inside
the heating electric furnace pos. 5. The top capture is
rigidly fixed to the ultrasound converter pos. 3. In cases
of uniaxial compression the sample is installed in a re
verse that provides compression. Ultrasonic vibrations
of the magnetostrictive converter pos. 2, that is in a cir
cuit with ultrasonic generator UZG 2-4M, are trans
ferred on a specimen by means of the concentrator pos.
3.
Magnetostrective converter cooling is carried out by
a water-jacket pos. 1.
UZG 2-4M generator is capable to create vibrations
in a range from 18 up to 22 kHz, change of power is
possible in a range from 2 up to 4±0.5 kW.
Vacuum conditions in the chamber are created by
diffusion pump pos. 14 situated in a circuit with the
forevacuum pump.
The UMTF operation principle is reduced to the fol
lowing: power load is created by active capture at test
on tensile or compression, short-term creep and relax
ation. Strain rate can vary with the help of reduction
system together with rotation frequency converter of the
electromotor ATV-28. The rotation frequency converter
provides changes of rotation frequency of the electro
motor from 2.5 up to 75 Hz. Loading control is carried
out by strain sensor.
Control and operation of specimen heating is carried
out from the control panel by instrument complex RIF-
101 and vacuum availability in system is controlled by
_________________________________________________________________________________
105 ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2005. №.4.
Серия: Физика радиационных повреждений и радиационное материаловедение (87), с. 104-107.
ionization-thermocouple vacuummeter situated on the
instrument stand.
Heat control of the electric furnace transfers to a
self-acting mode reaching the required temperature and
then the given heating temperature is kept by constant.
The deformation specimen control is carried out
transfer of a feed spindle of active capture by a dy
namometer with strain sensors pos.13. The sensor signal
is transferred to the inlet of the tensometric booster situ
ated on the instrument stand.
The facility cooling is carried out autonomously by
closed system consisting of circulation three-speed
pump, metal tank with volume of 300 liters, set of hoses
connected by valves in system joints.
4. MEASUREMENT RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
Such a constructional material as stainless steel
X18H10T (Cr – 18%, Ni – 10%, Ti – 0.45%) was cho
sen as a material to perform pilot tests of the system.
Tests were carried out at room temperature at various
rates of strain rate. Fig. 2 shows deformation curves 1
and 2 obtained at tensile rate (dε/dt = 0.15 min-1) with
out ultrasound impact and at ultrasound impact during
deformation, correspondingly. The output signal power
from generator was 3.5±0.5 kW. Resonance frequency
of using magnetostriction converter is ~21 kHz.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
2.
1.
σ,
k
g/
m
m2
ε, %
Fig. 2. Strain-stress curves of the stainless steel
Х18Н10Т (1) without and (2) with impact of ultrasound
at room temperature. The strain rate was nearly
0.15 min-1
From fig. 2 it is seen that steel strength increases due
to the ultrasound impact and material plasticity, in its
turn, decreases (from ~55 to 50 %). Yield stress and ten
sile strength values of the steel samples strained without
sound (curve 1) were 27 and 60 kg/mm2, corresponding
ly. Yield stress and tensile strength values of the steel
samples strained at sound impact (curve 2) were 31 and
64 kg/mm2, correspondingly.
Fig. 3 shows deformation curves 1, 2 and 3 obtained
at tensile rate 0.15, 0.03 and 0.009 min-1 without ultra
sound impact and at ultrasound impact during deforma
tion, correspondingly. Output power of the signal from
ultrasound generator was 2±0.5 kW. Resonance fre
quency of used magnetostricion converter is ~21 kHz.
Fig. 3 shows that sample strength increases and plas
ticity decreases under ultrasound impact during defor
mation, as it was in the first case. It is seen that values
of the yield stress and tensile strength of the sample
strained without sound with rate 0.15 min-1 (curve 1)
were 27 and 60 kg/mm2. Values of yield stress and ten
sile strength of the sample strained with rates 0.03 min-1
and 0.009 min-1 at ultrasound impact were 32 and 62
kg/mm2 (curve 2), 27 and 69,5 kg/mm2, corresponding
ly. It is obvious that strength and plasticity of material
depend upon strain rate, i.e. duration of ultrasound im
pact.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
σ,
k
g/
m
m
2
ε, %
1.
2.
3.
Fig. 3. Strain-stress curves (1) without and (2, 3) with
impact of ultrasound at room temperature. The strain
rate was nearly 0.15 min-1 in absence at the ultrasound,
(curve 1). It was equal to 0.03 min-1 (curve 2) and 0.009
min-1 (curve 3) at ultrasound vibrations
Generally, strengthening of materials and alloys at
external influence is usually connected with multiplica
tion and pinning of dislocations and generation of va
cancies. Vacancy generation happens at comparatively
small sound amplitudes [2,3]. If, at the same time, dislo
cation multiplication is not essential, then the strength
ening is connected with pinning of dislocations on va
cancy complexes (for example, dislocation loops of va
cancy type) generated under ultrasonic vibrations.
6. SUMMARY
1. UMTF has been constructed to study ultrasound
impact on mechanical properties in a wide tem
perature-deformation rate range.
2. Strengthening of X18H10T steel specimens has
been revealed as result of the ultrasound impact
along with plasticity decrease. Probably it is
caused by pinning of dislocations at vacancy
complexes resulting during ultrasound process
ing of the material.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was partially supported by Science &
Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU) within the
framework of Project # 294.
_________________________________________________________________________________
106 ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2005. №.4.
Серия: Физика радиационных повреждений и радиационное материаловедение (87), с. 104-107.
REFERENCES
1.А.V. Кuliomin. Ultrasound and diffusion in metals.
М.: «Меtallurgia». 1978.
2. A.S. Bakai and N.P. Lazarev. Effect of sound on dif
fusion in solids //Sov. Phys. Solid State. 1984, v. 26, p.
1517.
3.A.S. Bakai and N.P. Lazarev. Effect of acoustic waves
on the diffusion of interstitial impurity atoms in a solid
//Sov. Phys. Solid State. 1986, v. 28, p. 1373.
4.V.S. Birant. Ultrasound application with heat treat
ment of metals. М.: «Меtallurgia». 1977
5.Inventors certificate USSR №711128, cl. S 21. D
7/14, 1980
6.Inventors certificate USSR №449943, cl. S 21. D
7/14, 1974
7.Inventors certificate USSR №589264, cl. S 21. D
7/14, 1978
8.V.L. Indenbom. New hypothesis on mechanism of ra
diation-stimulated processes //Pis’ma v ZhTF (5). 1979,
#8, p. 489–492. (In Russian).
УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВАЯ МЕХАНИЧЕСКАЯ ИСПЫТАТЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА
ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВЛИЯНИЯ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫХ ВИБРАЦИЙ
НА МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА МАТЕРИАЛОВ
А.С. Бакай, С.А. Бакай, Г.Н. Малик, В.М. Горбатенко, В. М. Нетесов, В.А. Емлянинов
Настоящее сообщение посвящено описанию метода исследования ультразвукового воздействия на физико-механиче
ские свойства конструкционных материалов в ходе пластической деформации при различных температурно-скоростных
режимах в вакууме. Приводится принципиальная схема и описание вновь созданной экспериментальной установки поз
воляющей проводить исследования материалов этим методом. Представлены результаты тестирующих испытаний, по
лученные в ходе отработки методики.
УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВА МЕХАНІЧНА ВИПРОБУВАЛЬНА УСТАНОВКА
ДЛЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВИХ ВІБРАЦІЙ
НА МЕХАНІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ МАТЕРІАЛІВ
О.С. Бакай, С.О. Бакай, Г.М. Малик, В.М. Горбатенко, В. М. Нетьосов, В.А. Ємлянинов
Це повідомлення присвячене опису засобу дослідження ультразвукового впливу на фізико-механічні властивості
конструкційних матеріалів в ході пластичної деформації при різноманітних температурно-швидкісних режимах в вакуу
мі. Приводиться принципова схема та опис новітньо створеної експериментальної установки, що дозволить проводити
дослідження матеріалів цим засобом. Подані результати тестових випробувань, які отримані в ході відпрацювання
методики.
_________________________________________________________________________________
107 ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ. 2005. №.4.
Серия: Физика радиационных повреждений и радиационное материаловедение (87), с. 104-107.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-80564 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:49:17Z |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Bakai, A.S. Bakai, S.A. Malik, G.N. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.M. Emlyaninov, V.A. 2015-04-19T13:48:17Z 2015-04-19T13:48:17Z 2005 The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials / A.S. Bakai, S.A. Bakai, G.N. Malik, V.M. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.A. Emlyaninov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2005. — № 4. — С. 104-107. — Бібліогр.: 8 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80564 The communication is devoted to description of a test facility for research of ultrasonic vibrations impact on physical and mechanical properties of constructional materials in course of the plastic deformation at various deformation rates in vacuum. Principal scheme and description of created ultrasonic mechanical test facility (UMTF) are presented. Results of pilot tests obtained in course of the technique adjustment are included and discussed. Це повідомлення присвячене опису засобу дослідження ультразвукового впливу на фізико-механічні властивості конструкційних матеріалів в ході пластичної деформації при різноманітних температурно-швидкісних режимах в вакуумі. Приводиться принципова схема та опис новітньо створеної експериментальної установки, що дозволить проводити дослідження матеріалів цим засобом. Подані результати тестових випробувань, які отримані в ході відпрацювання методики. Настоящее сообщение посвящено описанию метода исследования ультразвукового воздействия на физико-механические свойства конструкционных материалов в ходе пластической деформации при различных температурно-скоростных режимах в вакууме. Приводится принципиальная схема и описание вновь созданной экспериментальной установки позволяющей проводить исследования материалов этим методом. Представлены результаты тестирующих испытаний, полученные в ходе отработки методики. This research was partially supported by Science & Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU) within the framework of Project # 294. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials Ультразвукова механічна випробувальна установка для дослідження впливу ультразвукових вібрацій на механічні властивості матеріалів Ультразвуковая механическая испытательная установка для исследования влияния ультразвуковых вибраций на механические свойства материалов Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials Bakai, A.S. Bakai, S.A. Malik, G.N. Gorbotenko, V.M. Netesov, V.M. Emlyaninov, V.A. |
| title | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials |
| title_alt | Ультразвукова механічна випробувальна установка для дослідження впливу ультразвукових вібрацій на механічні властивості матеріалів Ультразвуковая механическая испытательная установка для исследования влияния ультразвуковых вибраций на механические свойства материалов |
| title_full | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials |
| title_fullStr | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials |
| title_short | The ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials |
| title_sort | ultrasonic mechanical test facility for impact ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of materials |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/80564 |
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